大功率激发极化法在内蒙古马戈山南多金属矿区找矿中的应用

内蒙古东乌珠穆沁旗地区处于我国北方的一条重要成矿带上,但是在深部找矿方面没有新的突破.文章主要是对马戈山南地区多金属勘查中大功率激发极化法的应用进行总结.通过激电测深、激电中梯剖面测量,找出测量异常区进行合理解释后,指导勘探工程设计、圈定找矿远景区.以期能对相关区域的多金属勘查有一定参考和指导意义.     

The role of submicrometer aerosols and macromolecules in H2 formation in the titan haze

Previous studies of the photochemistry of small molecules in Titan’s atmosphere found it difficult to have hydrogen atoms removed at a rate sufficient to explain the observed abundance of unsaturated hydrocarbons. One qualitative explanation of the discrepancy nominated catalytic aerosol surface chemistry as an efficient sink of hydrogen atoms, although no quantitative study of this mechanism was attempted. In this paper, we quantify how haze aerosols and macromolecules may efficiently catalyze the formation of hydrogen atoms into H₂. We describe the prompt reaction model for the formation of H₂ on aerosol surfaces and compare this with the catalytic formation of H₂ using negatively charged hydrogenated aromatic macromolecules. We conclude that the PRM is an efficient mechanism for the removal of hydrogen atoms from the atmosphere to form H₂ with a peak formation rate of ∼ 70 cm⁻³ s⁻¹ at 420 km. We also conclude that catalytic H₂ formation via hydrogenated anionic macromolecules is viable but much less productive (a maximum of ∼ 0.1 cm⁻³ s⁻¹ at 210 km) than microphysical aerosols.     

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组超低渗储层油气成藏启动压力研究

近10年来,非常规油气资源在全球能源格局中的地位愈发重要,低渗透—致密油已成为目前勘探的热点,在我国具有可观的前景。而对于低渗透油气成藏启动压力的研究一直是一个难点,目前仍处于起步阶段,它的完善直接关系到低渗透乃至致密油气成藏的理论研究及勘探。本文首先以鄂尔多斯盆地延长组岩心为基础进行覆压孔隙度、渗透率实验研究,分析储层物性随覆压的变化关系;其次,结合喉道半径与孔、渗的关系,研究喉道半径随有效应力的变化关系,并探讨不同成藏机制的致密油藏的启动压力;最后详细分析鄂尔多斯盆地华池—合水地区上三叠统延长组长7致密油藏的成藏启动压力及成藏下限。结果表明:超低渗储层的孔、渗与有效应力间存在较好的乘幂关系,拟合函数的系数与地表的物性值相关性较好;喉道半径与孔、渗的相关性较好,与孔隙度呈指数关系,与渗透率呈乘幂关系;对于先致密后成藏类型油气藏来说,以渗透率建立的启动压力计算方法可靠,而先成藏后致密或边成藏边致密类型油气藏,启动压力计算方法还有待深入研究。华池—合水地区延长组长7致密油藏成藏时储层渗透率为0.00473×10-3μm2~0.52832×10-3μm2,平均0.01380×10-3μm2;孔隙度为1.458%~10.851%,平均7.224%;储层的平均喉道半径为0.0033~0.3769μm。该区属先致密后成藏,成藏的实际启动压力为0.0788~13.0022 MPa,平均2.1025 MPa。长7源岩的最大埋深为3000 m,原油的充注压力为6.06 MPa,油藏条件下充注的喉道半径下限为8.576×10-3μm,渗透率下限为0.00486×10-3μm2。     

CINRAD/SA充电开关控制板工作原理及应用维护

新一代多普勒天气雷达SA/SB发射机采用回扫充电技术,使用充电开关组件3A10与充电变压器3A7T2,给线型调制器的脉冲形成网络充电.这种电路有许多优点,但其电子线路组成复杂,技术指标要求高,设备运行时故障率相对较多,台站运行维护保障有一定难度.讨论了该分机的工作原理,重点对充电开关组件的控制板3A10A1原理及其电子线路组成作了进一步分析,并提供了相应的原理框图,根据台站工作的实际经验,结合相关报警信息,探讨了基本维修思路,总结了一些快速有效的检修方法.     

运用流体包裹体确定鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界油气成藏期次和时期

对鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界68口井110块流体包裹体样品的荧光观察,60口井75块样品的显微测温、测盐等系统分析结果表明,该区上古生界砂岩储层发生过6期热流体活动,均与油气成藏有关,并以第2～6期的天然气成藏为主.结合埋藏史分析可知,油气成藏分别发生在距今220～190 Ma(T3中期-J1中期)、190～150 Ma(J1中期-J2中期)、150～130 Ma(J2中期-J2末期)、130～113 Ma(J2末期-K1中早期)、113～98 Ma(K1中早期-K1中晚期)、98～72 Ma(K1中晚期-K1末期),并认为早侏罗世中期-中侏罗世末期、中侏罗世末期-早白垩世末期是鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界天然气的主要成藏时期.     

Biogas charging and dissipating process and its accumulation in the Sebei gasfield,Qaidam Basin,China

The Sebei gasfield is the largest biogas accumulation found in China and many reservoirs and seal rocks superposed on a syndepositional anticline in Quaternary.The biogas charging and dissipating process and its distribution have been a research focus for many years.The authors suggest a diffusing and accumulating model for the biogas,as they find that the shallower the gas producer,the more methane in the biogas,and the lighter stable carbon isotope composition of methane.Based on the diffusing model,diffused biogas is quantitatively estimated for each potential sandy reservoir in the gasfield,and the gas charging quantity for the sandy reservoir is also calculated by the diffused gas quantity plus gas reserve in-place.A ratio of diffusing quantity to charging quantity is postulated to describe biogas accumulating state in a sandy reservoir,if the ratio is less than 0.6,the reservoir forms a good gas-pool and high-production layer in the gasfield,which often occurs in the reservoirs deeper than 900 m;if the ratio is greater than 0.6,a few gas accumulated in the reservoir,which frequently exists in the reservoirs shallower than 900 m.Therefore,a biogas accumulation model is built up as lateral direct charging from gas source for the sands deeper than 900 m and indirect charging from lower gas-bearing sands by diffusion at depth shallower than 900 m.With this charging and diffusion quantitative model,the authors conducted re-evaluation on each wildcat in the central area of the Qaidam Basin,and found many commercial biogas layers.     

电火花震源系统充电技术研究

电火花震源是海洋工程地震勘探作业中一种较好的震源,但"十五"之前我国的电火花震源主要依靠进口,仪器维护费用高、周期长。"十五"期间国家海洋局第一海洋研究所研制了海洋电火花系统PSS500J,并取得了很好的应用效果。结合PSS500J研究成果,介绍了电火花震源的构架,分析了电火花震源充电技术的两种设计方案,对震源工作中安全保障提出了技术建议。     

Numerical Sensitivity Studies on Effects of Ice Nucleating Processes on Electrification in Thunderstorms

This study employed numerical simulations to explore the impact of varying ice nucleation processes on the microphysics and electrification within thunderstorm clouds. A two-dimensional cumulus model, incorporating both non- inductive and inductive charge separation schemes, was utilized. The findings revealed that the freezing nucleation mechanism significantly influenced the microphysical development, electrification, and charge structure of thunderstorms. Homogeneous freezing generated a large quantity of small ice crystals near the cloud tops, which were primarily re- sponsible for the development of positive charge regions through a non-inductive charging process. Conversely, hetero- geneous freezing resulted in larger ice crystals, enhancing graupel formation and leading to a more rapid and intense charge separation rate of around ?15°C. Ice crystals formed heterogeneously and charged negatively during the development stage, resulting in an inverted dipole charge structure. When both immersion and homogeneous freezing processes were considered, the competition between these two distinct freezing processes resulted in reduced cloud water content and weaker electrification. Under conditions of low cloud water content at lower storm levels, graupel particles were negatively charged through non-inductive charging, causing the charge structure to quickly revert to a normal dipole structure.     

一次雹暴的闪电特征和电荷结构演变研究

综合利用SAFIR3000三维闪电定位系统的全闪定位资料与雷达结合对2005年5月31日发生于北京的一次冰雹过程的闪电活动和电荷结构演变特征进行了综合分析.结果表明:该雷暴的闪电活动有两次活跃期,第一个活跃期产生了降雹,降雹结束后,闪电活动突然减少,之后的活跃期产生了更多的闪电,其中一部分处于云砧区.闪电活动峰值超前降雹5 min左右,闪电活动中的地闪仅占6.16%,但正地闪占总地闪的比例达20%,且降雹前的正地闪比例较降雹后要高·降雹发生后,正地闪很少发生.降雹阶段,参与放电的主要电荷区表现为反极性结构,-40℃左右区域为参与放电的主负电荷区,-15℃左右区域为参与放电的主正电荷区,在正电荷区之下,短暂存在一个较弱的负电荷区.降雹结束后,电荷结构经历了持续的快速调整过程,在第2次闪电活跃期,参与放电的主要区域表现为正常的三极性结构,即上正-中负-下正,受西风气流的影响,此三极性结构出现倾斜.动力和微物理过程的分析表明,闪电活动和电荷结构的特征与雷暴云内的动力、微物理过程紧密相关.文中对反极性电荷结构形成的可能机理进行了讨论,并且认为,具有强烈上升气流的灾害性天气可能更易形成反三极性的电荷结构,并在下部两个电衙区的作用下产生较多的正地闪.