Application of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) to inverse problems in saturated groundwater flow

We develop a new Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) reduced order model for saturated groundwater flow, and apply that model to an inverse problem for the hydraulic conductivity field. We use sensitivities as the POD basis. We compare the output when the optimizer uses the reduced order model against results obtained with a full PDE based model. The solutions generated using the POD reduced model are comparable in residual norm to the solutions formed using only the full-scale model. The material parameters are similarly comparable. The time to solution when using the reduced model is reduced by at least an order of magnitude, as are the number of calls to the full model.     

Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits—A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky

Conduits serve as major pathways for groundwater flow in karst aquifers. Locating them from the surface, however, is one of the most challenging tasks in karst research. Geophysical methods are often deployed to help locate voids by mapping variations of physical properties of the subsurface. Conduits can cause significant contrasts of some physical properties that can be detected; other subsurface features such as water-bearing fractures often yield similar contrasts, which are difficult to distinguish from the effects of the conduits. This study used electrical resistivity method to search for an unmapped karst conduit that recharges Royal Spring in the Inner Bluegrass karst region, Kentucky, USA. Three types of resistivity techniques (surface 2D survey, quasi-3D survey, and time-lapse survey) were used to map and characterize resistivity anomalies. Some of the major anomalies were selected as drilling targets to verify the existence of the conduits. Drilling near an anomaly identified by an electrical resistivity profile resulted in successful penetration of a major water-filled conduit. The drilling results also suggest that, in this study area, low resistivity anomalies in general are associated with water-bearing features. However, differences in the anomaly signals between the water-filled conduit and other water-bearing features such as water-filled fracture zones were undistinguishable. The electrical resistivity method is useful in conduit detection by providing potential drilling targets. Knowledge of geology and hydrogeology about the site and professional judgment also played important roles in locating the major conduit.     

姑咱水氡异常特征分析

通过系统整理和深入剖析姑咱水氡自有观测以来的数据和所有5级以上地震震例资料,借助过去多次攻关成果经验,尽可能排除姑咱水氡的各种干扰及仪器标定产生的参数变更,总结姑咱水氡的短临异常特征、中短期异常特征及中短期异常特征随时间变化规律,提出了姑咱水氡短临异常指标。     

泸沽湖地震台静水位观测干扰的排除

介绍了泸沽湖地震台静水位观测受到定时干扰及数据处理人员和仪器维修人员查找干扰原因、排除干扰、让静水位观测数据恢复正常的过程.     

基于同位素与水化学分析法的地下水补径排研究——以苏锡常地区浅层地下水为例

在分析研究区浅层地下水空间分布特征的基础上,采用同位素与化学分析相结合的方法研究苏锡常浅层地下水的补径排条件。利用氢氧同位素的分析结果,建立潜水与微承压水的δD-δ18O关系曲线,分析潜水含水层与河流、湖泊等地表水体关系以及微承水的蒸发程度;利用放射性同位素氚与14C研究微承水与现代水的补给关系;利用常规的水化学分析方法研究浅层地下水补给源的变化问题。结合研究区地下水水位、地层岩性、地形、地貌等多方面因素综合分析了浅层地下水的补径排条件,从而指导苏锡常地区浅层地下水合理开发利用。     

地下水环境健康分功能模糊评价方法

以往的地下水环境健康研究忽视了单个地下水功能对地下水环境健康的决定作用,因此当不同功能的健康程度差别较大时,地下水环境健康的模糊评价结果被平均化,而得到不合理的结论。提出分功能模糊评价方法,并用其评价郑州、开封、新乡和濮阳四城市地下水环境健康状况。结果表明:分功能模糊评价方法不仅可以得到研究区地下水环境的整体健康状况,而且能得到地下水环境不同的功能或属性的健康状况,能够反映研究区地下水的保护、开发和管理的重点。此外,虽然采用数学方法选择评价因子能够避免人类的主观臆断,提高工作效率,但它可能会忽略重要因子或引入扰动因子,所以需要人工检查数学方法筛选出的评价因子。客观赋权方法无法根据各因子的实际意义给出各因子的合理权重,因此需要人工检查和调整各因子权重的分配,从而避免得出错误的评价结果。     

沈阳中心城区水源地漏斗恢复调蓄模拟研究

在沈阳市由于长期地下水超采严重,已经形成大面积地下漏斗空间,形成引发严重地质灾害的隐患。分析了沈阳市地下水漏斗可恢复性建设的水文地质条件。并结合数值模拟方法研究了沈阳市地下水漏斗区域水量恢复时间和地下水漏斗中心水位恢复程度。结果表明:在同时增加河流补给量和压缩地下水开采量条件下,2年以后地下水漏斗中心水位可达到31.67m;压缩地下水开采量或增加河流补给量,均可在4年恢复漏斗区地下水位,且沈阳城区可有效增加地下水资源量0.88×108m3。     

邻近多条地铁的基坑降水技术

对地基沉降、位移极为敏感的邻近地铁隧道地区施工基坑降水工程时,为控制承压水采取回灌措施,既要克服基坑底板由于承压水造成基坑突涌等危害,又要减少基坑降水施工时对周边建（构）筑物造成的危害。通过邻近地铁2、4和9号线的上海盛大深基坑降水回灌工程成功实例,探讨邻近多条地铁区间隧道的超深基坑降水技术。     

污染调查中的水、土样品采集技术

地下水污染日益严重。钻探是地下水污染勘察方法中最直接、最准确的技术方法,是地下水污染调查的重要手段之一。通过取心、取样,可以获得地下污染信息。取心、取样质量的好坏对取得的地下水污染调查资料真实性至关重要。在地下水污染调查中,要根据调查场地的条件和调查目的选择合适的采样方法,并严格按照操作规程进行采样,以取得真实、有代表性的样品。     

BP神经网络在某油田区地下水质量评价中的应用

对误差反向传播(error back propagation,简称BP)人工神经网络在水质评价中应用的原理进行了分析,并将其应用于地下水质量评价.首先,利用MATLAB7的神经网络工具箱,根据GB/T 14848-93《地下水质量标准》,构建出10-11-5三层结构的BP人工神经网络模型,并对某油田区的地下水水质进行了...