四川凉山州富铁矿地质特征与找矿前景分析

凉山州是四川省富铁矿最主要成矿区和富铁矿矿石的主要生产基地。笔者总结了区内富铁矿成因类型及时空分布规律,认为前震旦纪层控(岩控)型和华力西火山—次火山岩型铁矿是州内主要富铁矿类型;认为已知富铁矿区深部及外围,未查证的乙类航磁异常是寻找富铁矿的潜在地区。     

Geochronological problems related to polymetamorphism in the Limpopo Complex, South Africa

The integration of new and published geochronologic data with structural, magmatic/anatectic and pressure–temperature (P–T) process information allow the recognition of high-grade polymetamorphic granulites and associated high-grade shear zones in the Central Zone (CZ) of the Limpopo high-grade terrain in South Africa. Together, these two important features reflect a major high-grade D₃/M₃ event at ~ 2.02 Ga that overprinted the > 2.63 Ga high-grade Neoarchaean D₂/M₂ event, characterized by SW-plunging sheath folds. These major D₂/M₂ folds developed before ~ 2.63 Ga based on U–Pb zircon age data for precursors to leucocratic anatectic gneisses that cut the high-grade gneissic fabric. The D₃/M₃ shear event is accurately dated by U–Pb monazite (2017.1 ± 2.8 Ma) and PbSL garnet (2023 ± 11 Ma) age data obtained from syntectonic anatectic material, and from sheared metapelitic gneisses that were completely reworked during the high-grade shear event. The shear event was preceded by isobaric heating (P = ~ 6 kbar and T = ~ 670–780 °C), which resulted in the widespread formation of polymetamorphic granulites. Many efforts to date high-grade gneisses from the CZ using PbSL garnet dating resulted in a large spread of ages (~ 2.0–2.6 Ga) that reflect the polymetamorphic nature of these complexly deformed high-grade rocks.     

王水溶样-火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定高品位金矿石的金量

原子吸收光谱法(AAS)应用于高品位金矿石中金的测定,有效地解决了火试金重量法和氰醌容量法等分析方法有毒化学试剂用量大、测试条件局限性大等诸多问题。泡沫富集-火焰原子吸收光谱法(泡沫富集-FAAS法)就能够测定金品位达到500μg/g的金矿石,但该方法在常规FAAS方法基础上增加了滤渣分离、滤液稀释及泡沫灰化、复溶等过程,由于操作环节的增多,分析效率不高,且引入测量误差的机率随之加大。本文建立了一种高品位金的快速分析方法,样品用王水溶解,分离残渣,滤液定容后无需分离富集直接采用FAAS测定金量,方法精密度(RSD)为1.6%,优于FAAS本身精密度,满足了高品位金矿石样品快速分析监控的要求。通过实验对黑龙江省某岩金矿矿样(生产监控样)、金矿石外检样品及金矿石国家标准样品采用本法、泡沫富集-FAAS法、氰醌容量法、火试金重量法进行综合分析,结果表明样品基体中铁含量的高低直接影响到本法测定高品位金量的准确性。当金量为50~110μg/g时,允许样品中铁含量为10%;金量为110~164μg/g时,允许样品中铁含量为20%;金量为164~218μg/g时,允许样品中铁含量为25%。研究认为,本法普遍适用于测定金品位达到50μg/g以上、铁含量小于10%的金矿石。铁在地壳中的平均含量为5.63%,大部分金矿石国家标准样品的铁含量均在此平均值附近,一般金矿石的铁含量也很少达到较高水平,因此本法具备较强的应用性;且与泡沫富集-FAAS法相比,省去了泡沫富集-灰化-复溶的操作过程,大大提高了金量的分析效率。     

次灵敏线-火焰原子吸收光谱法连续测定 高品位矿石中的铜铅锌量

[摘要]分别以铜327郾4 nm 和249郾2nm、铅283郾3 nm 和261郾4nm、锌307郾6nm 次灵敏线为分析线, 火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了高品位矿石中铜、铅、锌的含量。考察了高品位矿石基体及主要杂质的干扰 情况,结果表明,铜、锌质量浓度小于2 mg/ ml 时,对铅的测定无干扰;铅质量浓度小于2 mg/ ml 时,对铜 测定无干扰,其质量浓度小于0郾5mg/ ml 时,对锌测定无干扰;测定溶液中主要杂质铁、钴、镍、钙、镁质量 浓度在1mg/ ml,铝、硅质量浓度在0郾2mg/ ml 对测定无干扰。铜铅锌的质量浓度分别在0 ~ 1000滋g/ ml 范围内呈良好的线性关系。方法的精密度(RSD,n=5) 小于5%,加标回收率在98郾91% ~ 101郾08%,测 定铜铅锌矿石国家标准物质,结果与标准值相符。     

Peri-Gondwanan Ordovician crustal fragments in the high-grade basement of the Eastern Rhodope Massif,Bulgaria: evidence from U-Pb LA-ICP-MS zircon geochronology and geochemistry

Field, geochemical, and geochronologic data of high-grade basement metamafic and evolved rocks are used to identify the nature and timing of pre-Alpine crustal growth of the Rhodope Massif. These rocks occur intrusive into clastic-carbonate metasedimentary succession. Petrography and mineral chemistry show compositions consistent with Alpine amphibolite-facies metamorphism that obliterated the original igneous textures of the protoliths. Bulk-rock geochemistry identifies low-Ti tholeiitic to calc-alkaline gabbroic-basaltic and plagiogranite precursors, with MORB-IAT supra-subduction zone signature and trace elements comparable to modern back-arc basalts. The U-Pb zircon dating revealed a mean age of 455 Ma for the magmatic crystallization of the protoliths that contain inherited Cambrian (528–534 Ma) zircons. Carboniferous, Jurassic, and Eocene metamorphic events overprinted the Ordovician protoliths. The radiometric results of the metamorphic rocks demonstrate that Ordovician oceanic crust was involved in the build-up of the Rhodope high-grade basement. Dating of Eocene-Oligocene volcanic rocks overlying or cross-cutting the metamorphic rocks supplied Neoproterozoic, Ordovician and Permo-Carboniferous xenocrystic zircons that were sampled en route to the surface from the basement. The volcanic rocks thus confirm sub-regionally present Neoproterozoic and Paleozoic igneous and metamorphic basement. We interpret the origin of the Middle-Late Ordovician oceanic magmatism in a back-arc rift-spreading center propagating along peri-Gondwanan Cadomian basement terrane related to the Rheic Ocean widening. The results highlight the presence of elements of Cadomian northern Gondwana margin in the high-grade basement and record of Rheic Ocean evolution. The eastern Rhodope Massif high-grade basement compared to adjacent terranes with Neoproterozoic and Cambro-Ordovician evolution shares analogous tectono-magmatic record providing a linkage among basement terranes incorporated in the Alpine belt of the north Aegean region.     

Petrology and geochemical characteristics of Precambrian granitic basement complex rocks in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria

The Precambrian basement complex in the southernmost part of North-Central Nigeria is underlain by migmatitic banded gneisses, granitic intrusions and dykes of dolerite, rhyolite porphyry and pegmatite. The rocks are generally felsic, containing modal and normative hypersthene, as well as normative corundum. The basement complex has experienced high-grade regional metamorphism as indicated by the presence of hypersthene and plagioclase of andesine composition. Anatectic melting is suggested by the occurrence of ptygmatic folds, folded gneissose foliation, numerous quartzo-feldspathic veins and lenses of dark-colured, micaceous schistose rocks. Geochemically, the rocks have magnesian, calc-alkalic and strongly peraluminous characteristics. Their overall characteristics suggest derivation from progressive (fractional) partial melting of pelitic rocks during high-grade regional metamorphism, possibly associated with intense hydrothermal activities. The magnesian characteristics reflect close affinity to relatively hydrous, oxidizing melts and source regions in settings broadly related to subduction.     

P–T conditions of decompression of the Limpopo high-grade terrane: record from shear zones

The Southern Marginal Zone of the late Archean Limpopo Belt of southern Africa is an example of a high‐grade gneiss terrane in which both upper and lower crustal deformational processes can be studied. This marginal zone consists of large thrust sheets of complexly folded low‐strain gneisses, bound by an imbricate system of kilometre‐wide deep crustal shear zones characterized by the presence of high‐strain gneisses (‘primary straight gneisses’). These shear zones developed during the decompression stage of this high‐grade terrane. Low‐ and high‐strain gneisses both contain similar reaction textures that formed under different kinematic conditions during decompression. Evidence for the early M1/D1 metamorphic phase (> 2690 Ma) is rarely preserved in low‐strain gneisses as a uniform orientation of relict Al‐rich orthopyroxene in the matrix and quartz and plagioclase inclusions in the cores of early (M1) Mg‐rich garnet porphyroblasts. This rare fabric formed at > 820 °C and > 7.5 kbar. The retrograde M2/D2 metamorphic fabric (2630–2670 Ma) is well developed in high‐strain gneisses from deep crustal shear zones and is microscopically recognized by the presence of reaction textures that formed synkinematically during shear deformation: M2 sigmoid‐shaped reaction textures with oriented cordierite–orthopyroxene symplectites formed after the early M1 Mg‐rich garnet porphyroblasts, and syn‐decompression M2 pencil‐shaped garnet with oriented inclusions of sillimanite and quartz formed after cordierite under conditions of near‐isobaric cooling at 750–630 °C and 6–5 kbar. The symplectites and pencil‐shaped garnet are oriented parallel to the shear fabric and in the stretching direction. Low‐strain gneisses from thrust sheets show similar M2 decompression cooling and near‐isobaric cooling reaction textures that formed within the same P–T range, but under low‐strain conditions, as shown by their pseudo‐idioblastic shapes that reflect the contours of completely replaced M1 garnet and randomly oriented cordierite–orthopyroxene symplectites. The presence of similar reaction textures reflecting low‐strain conditions in gneisses from thrust sheets and high‐strain conditions in primary straight gneisses suggests that most of the strain during decompression was partitioned into the bounding shear zones. A younger M3/D3 mylonitic fabric (< 2637 Ma) in unhydrated mylonites is characterized by brittle deformation of garnet porphyroclasts and ductile deformation of the quartz–plagioclase–biotite matrix developed at < 600 °C, as the result of post‐decompression shearing under epidote–amphibolite facies conditions.     

高级变质岩中Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta的ICP-MS准确分析

采用高压密闭溶样ICP－MS研究了片麻岩、榴辉岩等高级变质岩中Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf准确分析方法。实验表明：在温度为190℃时,溶样时间大于36h,Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf可完全溶解,而获得准确的分析结果。但Nb、Ta在稀硝酸介质中的不稳定性会导致分析结果的误差,采用0．1％HF介质的“F^-基体”匹配,可保持Nb、Ta长时间的稳定性。所建立的高压密闭溶样ICP－MS分析方法用于苏鲁－大别地区片麻岩、榴辉岩等高级变质岩的分析,经与XRF及碱熔融ICP－MS方法对比,分析结果具有良好的一致性。     

粤北下庄矿田铀矿成矿时代探讨

粤北下庄矿田存在早、晚两期不同成因类型的花岗岩型铀矿，早期铀矿成矿年龄为122－138Ma，为岩浆期后热液型铀矿，以富矿为主；而晚期铀矿成矿年龄则为54－96Ma，为岩源活化热液再造型铀矿，以贫矿为主。早期铀矿是本区今后进一步寻找富铀矿的主攻方向。     

内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区高级变质杂岩中的陡倾叶理带——造山作用的产物

内蒙古大青山-乌拉山地区的高级变质杂岩是华北克拉通北缘西段怀安-贺兰山麻粒岩相地体的一部分,以孔兹岩系的发育为特征.这些高级变质杂岩经历了十分复杂的变形变质作用改造,构造特征十分复杂.近年来的研究发现,近东西向陡倾叶理带是该区高级变质杂岩中保存完好的一种主要构造形式,规模巨大,以密集的近东西向陡倾叶理和直立褶皱的发育为特征,反映了地壳挤压收缩环境下的纯剪切变形,其上叠加了深构相右行走滑剪切带.陡倾叶理带形成于角闪岩相-角闪麻粒岩相构造环境中,叠加在早期近水平顺层滑脱变形和穹形构造之上,是古元古代末期叠加造山作用的产物.