Opaque mineralogy and magnetic properties of selected banded iron‐formations,Hamersley Basin,Western Australia

The oxide mineralogy and rock magnetic properties of unmineralised banded iron‐formations in selected portions of four drillholes in the Hamersley Basin, Western Australia are reviewed. In all four drillholes, petrographic studies indicate that primary euhedral to subhedral hematite is partially replaced by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction. All drillholes show partial recrystallisation of the secondary magnetite, suggesting that early subsolidus reduction was probably a regional event occurring during prograde metamorphism. Incomplete replacement of primary hematite by magnetite within and between sedimentary band structures indicates that equilibration in the magnetite stability field was not reached even at the mesoband scale. Subsequent subsolidus oxidation of magnetite and the formation of a second‐generation hematite are documented in only two of the drillholes. Goethite‐filled veins and thick selvages of goethite around some veins reflect movement of circulating oxidising fluids. The absence of goethite and second‐generation hematite in two of the drillholes indicates that subsolidus oxidation is not a regional event, but very much localised. Rapid changes in down‐hole susceptibility measurements correlate directly with detailed petrographic results as susceptibility readings change with the hematite/magnetite ratio on a mesoband scale. Acquisition of the main remanence correlates with the formation of hematite as the primary oxide phase followed by partial replacement by magnetite as a result of subsolidus reduction, supporting regional models requiring pre‐folding remanence. The strong orientation of the primary hematite parent parallel to band structures in the banded iron‐formations has influenced the direction of crystallisation remanent magnetisation during subsolidus reduction to the magnetite daughter. The strong planar alignment has also produced a planar magnetic fabric and marked anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility. A natural remanent magnetisation overprint and reduction in anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility are only recorded in samples that have undergone subsolidus oxidation and the recognition of localised post‐metamorphic oxidation overprinting can also explain ore deposit models requiring post‐folding remanence. The relative timing of and between oxidising fluid events is not known, but both petrographic and rock magnetic evidence to date suggests that there was at least one and probably two post‐folding oxidising events in the area of study.     

河北阜平平阳片麻状奥长花岗岩的地质和岩相学特征

平阳片麻状奥长花岗岩位于河北阜平县平阳镇一带，围岩为包括混合岩和片麻岩在内的变质表壳岩，层位上相当于阜平群的下部，产阳地区空间上存在高级变质作用、混合岩化作用和深熔作用的“三位一体”，因而由变质岩到花岗岩显示了系统的岩石学、岩相学以及产出关系上的渐变过渡特点，花岗岩中的变质表壳岩以及部分包体不仅在岩性上可和外围的同类岩石对比，而且也显示了明显的深熔作用改造的痕迹，有较为充分的语气表明平阳片麻状花岗岩总体上是原地深熔的奥长花岗岩，局部发生了一定尺度的位移。平阳地区变质表壳岩的深熔作用经历了以流体活动占主导地位、以矿物的溶解和重结晶为主要特点的早期阶段，演变为以部分矿物的熔融占主导地位的高级阶段，平阳片麻状奥长花岗岩的形成代表了阜平岩群变质表壳岩深熔作用的高级演化阶段，对于客观认识阜平岩群的组成和地质演化具有重大意义。     

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿磁化还原矿物组成及分布规律

鄂西高磷鲕状赤铁矿原矿全铁品位47.56%,含P 0.93%,主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、方解石、铁白云石,属难选铁矿石。通过磁化焙烧-磨矿-磁选优化工艺,最佳磁化焙烧条件为:焙烧温度800℃、焙烧时间90min、还原剂用量12%,焙烧矿磨矿细度-0.074mm占85.15%,经弱磁选可得到全铁品位为58.13%、磷含量0.70%,铁回收率为90.41%的粗精矿。对磁化焙烧-磁选过程的各产物组成分析表明,焙烧矿和粗精矿中主要矿物为磁铁矿,占比分别为65%和85%;主要脉石矿物为绿泥石、磷灰石、石英、铁白云石等。粗精矿矿物的嵌布粒度较细,-0.074mm粒级占85.15%,但部分矿物仍以相互浸染、包裹、鲕状碎屑、连晶等形式存在,矿物仍未完全单体解离,从而导致粗精矿中杂质磷、铝等含量较高。粗精矿细磨后粒度-0.022mm含量为80%时,磁铁矿的解离度为84.63%,可实现磁铁矿充分单体解离,经过深选可提高铁精矿质量。     

大别山高级变质岩云母Rb—Sr等时线年龄测定及其地质意义

应用云母Rb Sr等时线法对大别山高级变质岩的后期改造历史进行了初步的探讨。采用重液变温技术将云母按比重的区别 ,分成若干组分 ,然后用常规的Rb Sr方法测定。应用这种技术对大别山黄土岭太古代麻粒岩相岩石中的黑云母和产于超高压变质带内的石马含石榴石片麻岩的白云母进行了Rb Sr等时线年龄测定。黄土岭太古代麻粒岩相片麻岩中的黑云母 全岩Rb Sr等时线年龄为 12 7± 9Ma ,与该区片麻岩中的角闪石的K Ar和Ar Ar年龄 ,及燕山期花岗岩的Rb Sr年龄一致 ,说明这一太古代下地壳岩石受到了燕山期深熔 岩浆事件的影响 ;大别山东南部石马含石榴石片麻岩 (榴辉岩相 )中的白云母Rb Sr等时线年龄为 191± 10Ma ,反映了印支 早燕山期区域性低级变质事件的时代。研究表明 ,大别山区的不同构造单元中产出的不同类型的高级变质岩自中生代以来有不同的后期演化历史。     

福建寿山石“月尾紫”的矿物学特征研究

针对采自福建寿山地区的寿山石“月尾紫”品种进行了光学显微镜、X射线粉末衍射、拉曼光谱和扫描电子显微镜等仪器的系统分析测试。结果显示,“月尾紫”呈显微微晶结构,主要矿物组成为地开石,基质中可见大量的紫红色矿物赤铁矿。赤铁矿呈浸染状分布,是致使“月尾紫”整体呈现紫色的原因。由于赤铁矿本身色调和富集程度不同,导致“月尾紫”的紫色调有深有浅,同时由于赤铁矿浸染分布于地开石颗粒间,使得“月尾紫”呈现不透明状。扫描电子显微镜下可见地开石颗粒主要呈假六方板状,棱角清晰,厚度均匀,呈叠瓦状、书册状排列,能谱测试结果显示扫描电子显微镜下微米级球状矿物颗粒为二氧化硅。     

氧化铁矿物对五氯苯酚表面吸附实验及其反应模式

批量法实验研究表明,五氯苯酚 (PCP)在合成的针铁矿、纤铁矿和赤铁矿表面吸附的浓度等温线为饱和型特征,可用 Langmuir公式拟合,而 pH吸附等温线为峰型曲线,峰值在 pH≈ 5. 矿物表面化合态和 PCP溶液离子化合态分析与计算表明, PCP在氧化铁矿物表面存在两种吸附反应模式,即表面静电吸附反应和表面络合吸附反应,表面静电吸附反应常数比表面络合吸附反应常数高 1～ 2个数量级.并进一步从反应机制上证明了憎水型可离解有机化合物 (HIOCs)在矿物表面吸附的模式与趋向性.     

国外铁氧化物铜-金矿床的特征及其研究现状

铁氧化物铜-金矿床是一类具许多共同特征但成因联系不太密切的矿床类型，近来已成为国外铜-金勘探的主要矿床类型之一。该类矿床以矿石中含有大量的铁氧化物（磁铁矿或赤铁矿）且伴有很强的区域性钠（-钙）质蚀变为特征，可以产于元古代克拉通内或新生代大陆边缘岛弧环境，其周围具火成岩或含蒸发盐层，时空上与之有关的侵入岩为磁铁矿系列花岗岩，矿化主要产于近区域主断裂的羽状次级断裂中。部分该类矿床的形成与一定的主岩类型有关，而多数矿床可能由高盐度 H₂O-CO₂-盐混合流体的不混溶作用形成，且矿化通常与钾化有关。对成矿流体是主要来自岩浆还是受围岩控制尚有争论，成矿模式有蒸发盐来源模式、外来流体加热模式和岩浆-热液流体模式。但对部分该类矿床详细的流体包裹体和稳定同位素研究表明成矿流体主要源于岩浆。对该类矿床进行地球物理勘探需要考虑磁铁矿、硫化物和Cu-Au矿化之间的相互关系。在我国开展对该类矿床的研究将有益于发现新的铜资源基地。     

The hematite–goethite enhancement model of loess and an ‘irregular’ case from Paks,Hungary

On the basis of a key model of the appearance of hematite and goethite in some Chinese and European loess successions, paleosols generally contain higher proportions of hematite formed by pedogenic processes during warm and humid interglacials, while loess contains sedimentary goethite deposited during colder, glacial periods. Rock magnetic measurements were conducted on samples from Paks (Hungary) loess, revealing an anomalous case. Sediments were found to contain higher amounts of hematite and/or goethite, while the well‐developed paleosols were found to be lacking in hematite but had significant amounts of magnetite and maghemite. This observation demonstrates that the character of pedogenic magnetic mineral alteration and neoformation differs from the hematite/goethite model; the model is therefore not applicable to the Paks succession, possibly due to differences in the regional paleoclimate and pedogenic environment. The results indicate the existence of a further model, in which hematite formation is not significant in the course of pedogenesis.     

重庆桃花赤铁矿地质特征与成矿规律分析

桃花赤铁矿位于川东褶皱带与川湘凹陷的过渡带,矿区出露一套以砂岩、泥岩、灰岩为主的沉积层。上泥盆统黄家蹬组(D3h)为桃花赤铁矿的赋矿地层,矿体呈层状、似层状、透镜状分布于黄家蹬组上部,矿体与顶底板围岩界线清楚。黄家蹬组含Fe1和Fe2两层矿体,其中Fe1矿体无工业价值,Fe2矿体为矿区主矿体(层厚1.07m～5.89m)。矿区矿石为高磷、低杂质、较低品位酸性鲕状赤铁矿矿石,矿石因含泥质不同而呈紫红色或暗紫色,发育条带状构造和块状构造。依据矿床地质特征分析,桃花赤铁矿的分布主要受岩相古地理影响,矿体产出形态受褶皱构造控制。桃花赤铁矿属渝东鄂西"宁乡式"铁矿成矿区的西延部分,矿区泥盆系中统云台观组(D2y)和泥盆系上统黄家蹬(D3h)为一套海进过程中形成的滨海相沉积序列,矿体分布于细砂岩、粉砂岩、粉砂质页岩向页岩或碳酸盐岩过渡的层位。湿热气候和邻近海盆是形成赤铁矿矿的有利古环境,古海盆周围的古陆风化碎屑物是成矿的物质来源。矿区及其外围上泥盆统地层分布区是宁乡式赤铁矿的找矿远景区,褶皱是良好的构造找矿标志。     

赤铁矿和氧化镁对养殖粪污厌氧发酵气体中H_2S的抑制

集约化畜禽养殖场厌氧发酵过程中产生的大量H2S具有潜在的危害。本文以某畜禽养殖场的新鲜猪粪为研究对象,通过添加不同比例的赤铁矿和氧化镁,模拟猪粪厌氧发酵过程中对H2S产生和释放的影响。在18 d的持续实验中,对发酵液中pH和发酵气体中H2S浓度变化进行全程监控,结果表明：添加赤铁矿对发酵体系的pH无明显影响,而添加氧化镁可显著提高发酵体系的pH值;添加2种矿物越多,气体中H2S含量越低。推测2种矿物对H2S产生的抑制在机制上有所不同。赤铁矿主要通过还原分解消耗H＋和沉淀消耗S2-的方式抑制H2S的产生;氧化镁则主要通过提高体系pH值,抑制SRB的活性以及降低H2S在气相中的分配。