松辽盆地西斜坡上白垩统青山口组二段及三段底部四级层序格架下沉积微相分布

综合利用地震、录井、测井、岩心资料,建立了松辽盆地西斜坡上白垩统青山口组二段及三段底部四级层序地层格架,查明了四级层序格架内沉积微相的空间分布。青山口组二段划分为2个四级层序(Cg4、Cg3),每个四级层序均可划分为湖泊扩张体系域和湖泊收缩体系域,分别命名为Eg4、Sg4,Eg3、Sg3。西斜坡青山口组二段及三段底部的沉积格局为滨浅湖沉积体(砂坝、泥滩、混合滩)和三角洲前缘沉积体(河口坝、远砂坝)共存。Eg4沉积时期发育了物源来自西部与北部的4个三角洲前缘沉积体,沉积体之间发育滨浅湖混合滩;Sg4沉积时期三角洲沉积体规模较前期扩大,并且发育了物源来自西北方向的三角洲。Eg3沉积时期物源来自西部及北部的三角洲向东推进,东北部三角洲前缘沉积体萎缩;Sg3沉积时期以三角洲前缘沉积占优势,三角洲前缘沉积体错叠连片,滨浅湖沉积大量减少。青山口组二段及三段底部自下而上,沉积区范围和三角洲前缘沉积体的规模逐渐扩大。     

Numerical investigations of soil plugging effect inside large-diameter,open-ended wind turbine monopiles driven by vibratory hammers

Abstract

This study established a Couple Eulerian–Lagrange model to simulate monopile vibratory penetration for the investigation of soil plugging effect during high-frequency penetration of monopiles for wind turbine. Simulation analysis is focused particularly on soil plugging effect of a large diameter monopile during vibratory penetration into sand, clay, or layered soil. The results of the numerical simulation show that soil plugging effect is unlikely to occur during monopile penetration into the clay soil, while partial soil plugging may occur during the sand penetration. Penetration resistance at the pile toe is transferred to the radial stress around the pile wall. At a critical point penetration process, internal shaft friction becomes larger than external shaft friction. Moreover, radial pressure factors increase during partial soil plugging effect. For layered soil, the topsoil not only has great influence on the soil plugging effect, but also affects shaft friction in the subsoil during monopile penetration.     

Subseasonal and Synoptic Variabilities of Precipitation over the Yangtze River Basin in the Summer of 2020※

Summer precipitation over the Yangtze River basin (YRB) in 2020 experienced a strong subseasonal and synoptic fluctuation in addition to contributing to an exceptionally large seasonal mean precipitation. The cause of this higher-frequency fluctuation is examined based on observational analyses. Apart from the continuous northward movement of the climatological mei-yu rainband, the mei-yu rainbelt in the summer of 2020 experienced multiple northward and southward swings. The cause of the swings was attributed to the subseasonal variability of southerly winds to the south and northeasterly winds to the north of the YRB. In addition, synoptic-scale variability, characterized by the eastward propagation of low-level cyclonic vorticity and precipitation anomalies, was also commonplace in the summer of 2020. While the strengthening of both the subseasonal and synoptic variabilities in the summer of 2020 was attributed to the increase of the background mean moisture, the synoptic variability was greatly affected by the subseasonal rainfall variability. As a result, both the synoptic-scale and subseasonal variabilities contributed to the north-south swings of the rainbelt. The large-scale modulations by both the seasonal mean and subseasonal anomalies provide insight regarding the optimization of issuing accurate, extended-range forecasts of extreme weather events.     

滨里海盆地碳酸盐岩高频层序特征及其油气勘探应用--以M区块石炭系KT-I含油层系为例

KT-I是滨里海盆地M区块盐下重要含油层系,该层灰泥频繁互层,相带类型多样,非均质性严重,储层展布认识不清。本文应用高频层序地层学研究思路,提出碳酸盐岩高频层序及超层序划分体系域的可行性及思路,以及淹没不整合面作为碳酸盐岩层序界面的重要作用。在此基础上,岩-电-震相结合,通过淹没不整合面和暴露间断面等层序界面的分级识别与分析,首次将研究区KT-I含油层系划分为3个四级层序、9个五级层序,并对高频层序进行体系域划分;建立了研究区快速海侵（对应淹没不整合）和慢速海侵条件下对应的高频层序体系域发育模式,理清研究区地层发育特征及储层展布规律。进而讨论淹没不整合及高频层序体系域在碳酸盐岩油气勘探中的应用。     

登陆北上台风突然转向的预报着眼点

以2018年两个登陆北上影响山东的台风"摩羯"和"温比亚"为例,讨论分析了深入内陆的台风在突然转向时刻的预报着眼点。结果表明:台风的移动路径很大程度上取决于副热带高压(大陆高压)的位置与强度,当高压偏强时,可由三力平衡原理确定台风未来的移动方向。同时,300～200 hPa高度层的风向可以提前18 h指示台风即将发生路径偏折。15日08时,台风"摩羯"转向角较大,主要原因是受高频引导气流影响,且沿着正高频涡度平流的方向移动。而"温比亚"进入渤海向东北方向移动,是受全风速与低频气流影响。这表明高频流对转向角度较大的台风起引导作用,而环境风场对转向角度不大的台风起作用。     

基于高频层序格架的储层定量预测技术在砂体刻画中的应用

新近系浅水三角洲油气藏勘探在渤海海域油气藏勘探中占据重要地位。以渤南地区新近系明化镇组下段浅水三角洲为例,通过钻井、测井、岩芯以及地震资料综合分析,共划分了17个准层序组,并建立了高频层序地层格架,选取典型岩相提取合适参数,进行地震正演模拟建立均方根振幅与含砂率的定量关系,最终基于地震沉积学方法以砂岩百分含量与振幅的定量关系为线索进行砂岩定量化预测。结果表明,含砂率与振幅具有明显的正相关关系,采用三维地震数据振幅定量岩性解释具有较高的可靠性。利用含砂率与模型振幅的定量关系,将均方根振幅转换为含砂率值后,可以预测研究区高频层序下的含砂率分布,为沉积地貌和沉积学解释提供了更加直观的证据。该研究思路和技术方法在浅水三角洲储层研究中可以进行推广和应用。     

川中磨溪地区龙王庙组沉积相与高频层序对储层的控制

利用磨溪地区龙王庙组钻井岩心、薄片和测井资料,开展了沉积相、高频层序和储层成因研究.识别出潟湖、滩间海、颗粒滩和云坪等4种亚相;将其划分为2个四级层序,各层序又包括3~5个五级层序,四级层序及体系域可良好对比.储层整体孔隙性较好,储集空间主要包括晶间（溶）孔、溶洞和裂缝,储集岩类主要为细晶云岩、粉晶云岩和颗粒云岩.沉积相和高频层序明显控制着有利储层的发育：颗粒滩和云坪是最有利的储集相,四级层序高位域的孔隙度明显优于海侵域,在四级和五级层序界面附近发育的早期岩溶对云坪和颗粒滩储层物性改善起到关键作用,也为埋藏岩溶和表生岩溶改造奠定基础.     

高频熔样等离子体发射光谱标准加入法测定刚玉中硅钛

以Li2B4O7 为熔剂高频电感熔样,等离子体发射光谱标准加入法测定了刚玉中的硅和钛。方法的检出限Si为0. 05mg/L,Ti为0. 02mg/L;线性浓度上限Si为40mg/L,Ti为80mg/L;回收率为95. 2% ~104. 3%;RSD(n=6)为0. 88% ~1. 36%。     

Multi-objective fitting of concentration-discharge relationships

Concentration–discharge ($C–Q$) relationships are widely used to assess the link between hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the catchment scale. $C–Q$ relationships are mainly calibrated using mono-objective methods to represent, either concentrations or discharge-weighted concentrations (i.e., load). Based on its wide use in hydrological modelling, we test a multi-objective calibration for the $C–Q$ relationship parameters, using both concentration and load, and compare it to a mono-objective calibration applied on either concentrations or load. This work is carried out on a high-frequency dataset (ORACLE-Orgeval Observatory, France). Our findings show that the multi-objective calibration yield a better representation of $C–Q$ relationships parameters during the high and low-flow events. The multi-objective calibration can be used for all forms of $C–Q$ relationships and avoids issues of under-representation of dilution processes characterized by high-discharge, low-concentration periods.     

基于BEMD分解的地貌分类研究

地貌是指地势高低起伏的变化,即地表的形态。地貌划分对气温、降水、太阳辐照等诸多应用领域都有着重要作用。本文选择空间分辨率为90 m的福建省的数字高程模型(DEM)数据作为地理信号,运用二维经验模态分解(BEMD)进行分解处理,得到多个具有不同尺度、不同物理意义的本征模函数(BIMF1-BIMF3)以及对应余量ORIG。这些BIMF分量对应不同尺度的微观地形,ORIG余量表现为该研究区的地貌分布趋势,体现了平原、丘陵与山地的大致分布区域。运用变点分析法确定最佳计算单元,利用地形起伏度对各个信号区域进行一级分类,依据绝对高度进行二级分类,最后将一级分类与二级分类相结合,实现对地形的分类,这一分类过程体现了研究地区地貌组合复杂的特征。结果表明:①叠加BIMF分量,提取出分量和大于74 m的区域为高频信号区域。该区域以小起伏度的低山为主,并伴随有丘陵和小起伏度中山。②ORIG余量中余量高度小于等于340 m的区域,去除其中包含的高频信号区域后为低频信号区域,该区域以平原、丘陵为主。③剩余区域定义为中频信号区域,该区域的地貌以平丘陵和小起伏的山地为主。研究成果表明福建地貌可分为7种主要类型:低频平原,低频丘陵,中频丘陵,高频丘陵,中频小起伏低山,高频小起伏低山,高频小起伏中山。