贺兰山群变质杂岩主期变质作用的温压环境研究

分布于贺兰山脉北部的贺兰山群变质杂岩的主期变质作用达角闪麻粒岩相,其矿物组合特征与低压相系麻粒岩相似、利用共生矿物组合和矿物对的温度计、压力计估算主期变质温度740—764(?),压力460—501MPa。温度压力条件与低压相系的地热梯度线较接近,变质作用强度具面型分布的特征,与东部密云、冀东等地的麻粒岩相区相似,但变质压力明显低,压力类型也不同,应属不同构造背景下的变质产物。     

Silica-undersaturated sapphirine, spinel and kornerupine granulite facies rocks, NE Strangways Range, Central Australia

Small pods of silica-undersaturated Al-rich and Mg-rich granulite facies rocks containing sapphirine, pleonastic spinel, kornerupine, cordierite, orthopyroxene, corundum, sillimanite and gedrite are scattered throughout the NE Strangways Range, Central Australia. These are divided into four distinct rock types, namely orthopyroxene-rich aluminous granofels and metapelitic gneisses containing sapphirine, spinel or kornerupine. Two granulite facies metamorphic events are recognized, of which only the first (M1) is considered in this paper. Peak metamorphic mineral parageneses indicate that the M1 thermal maximum occurred at approximately 900–950 °C and 8–9 kbar. All samples are characterized by profuse and diverse coronitic and symplectic reaction textures. These are interpreted as evidence for the sequential crossing of the following reactions in the system FMAS: cordierite + spinel + corundum = sapphirine + sillimanite, cordierite + spinel = orthopyroxene + sapphirine + sillimanite, sapphirine + spinel + sillimanite = orthopyroxene + corundum, sapphirine + sillimanite = cordierite + orthopyroxene + corundum. Phase stability relationships in FMAS and MASH indicate an anticlockwise P–T path terminated by isobaric cooling. Such a path is exemplified by early low-P mineral parageneses containing spinel, corundum and gedrite and the occurrence of both prograde and retrograde corundum. Reaction textures preserve evidence for an increase in aH₂O and aB₂O₃ with progressive isobaric cooling. This hydrous retrogression resulted from crystallization of intimately associated M1 partial melt segregations. There is no evidence for voluminous magmatic accretion giving rise to the high M1 thermal gradient. The M1 P–T path may be the result of either lithospheric thinning after both crustal thickening and burial of the supracrustal terrane, or concomitant crustal thickening and mantle lithosphere thinning.     

山东沂水麻粒岩杂岩中的变质流体及地质意义

山东沂水麻粒岩杂岩中含有大量高密度富ＣＯ＿２流体包裹体，伴随有ＣＯ＿２－Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣＯ＿２±Ｎ＿２±ｃＨ＿４的包裹体。对这些包裹体的产状、分布和组成等特征进行了详细的岩相学研究，并选择有代表性样品进行了显微测温和激光拉曼探针分析。结合本区地质和岩石学研究成果确定沂水麻粒岩杂岩峰期变质温度为８００℃，压力为０．７５ＧＰａ。对变质流体组成、演化及其成岩意义也进行了讨论。     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">In-situ</Emphasis> trace element analyses and Pb-Pb dating of zircons in granulite from Huangtuling,Dabieshan by LAM-ICP-MS

It is revealed by CL images that there are multi-stage growth internal structures of zircons in the Huangtuling granulite, including the inherited zircons, protolith zircons, sector and planar zone zircons and retrograde zircons. In-situ trace element compositions and Pb-Pb ages have been analyzed by LAM-ICP-MS. The sector and the planar zone domains show typical trace element characteristics of granulite zircon (low Th, U, Th/U, total REEs, clear negative Eu anomalies, relatively depleted HREE and small differential degree between MREE and HREE, etc.), indicating that they formed during granulite-facies metamorphism. The protolith zircons have trace element characteristics of crustal zircon (high Th, U, Th/U, total REEs and enriched HREEs, etc.). 12 analyzed spots on granulite-facies domains give a weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of (2154±26) Ma (MSWD = 3.8), which is the best estimated age of granulite-facies metamorphism of this sample. The weighted mean ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁶Pb age of 5 analyzed spots on protolith zircon domains is (2714 ± 22) Ma (MSWD = 1.4), which represents the protolith forming time. The discovery of ca. 3.4 Ga inherited zircon indicates that there are Palaeoarchean continental materials in this area. The interpretation of formation conditions and the ages of zircons can be constrained by simultaneous in-situ analysis of trace elements and ages.     

Late Mesozoic crust-mantle interaction and lower crust components in South China: A geochemical study of mafic granulite xenoliths from Cenozoic basalts

Mafic granulite xenoliths have been discovered in many volcanoes (especially alkali basalt and kimberlite) all over the world. They formed generally in lower crust, and recorded lots of in- formation on the lithosphere formation and crust-mantle interacti…     

中国与蒙古之地质

东昆仑中部缝合带清水泉一带发育石榴斜长紫苏麻粒岩、紫苏辉石黑云母石榴子石麻粒岩、石榴二辉斜长麻粒岩和石榴单斜辉石麻粒岩,它们与混合岩化黑云母石榴子石变粒岩、黑云母辉石变粒岩、石墨大理岩、含透辉石透闪石大理岩、透辉石大理岩、黑云斜长角闪岩和片麻岩等高级变质岩系以及纯橄岩、辉橄岩、橄长岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩和玄武岩等共同构成蛇绿混杂岩。麻粒岩相变质作用的温压条件为T=760~880℃,p=830~1200MPa,为高温中高压麻粒岩相变质作用,估算其形成深度为40~45km。麻粒岩相变质作用的SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年龄为(507·7±8·3)Ma。清水泉地区蛇绿岩形成于~520Ma,到~508Ma时俯冲至地下40~45km深处而发生中高压麻粒岩相变质作用,然后发生构造折返而剥露至地表。证实了清水泉高级变质岩和基性—超基性岩片是形成于早—中寒武世的蛇绿混杂岩,标志一个古生代早期的非常重要的板块汇聚边界,这对于进一步研究东昆仑造山带构造演化、乃至中国西部大地构造格局具有非常重要的意义。     

Mineralogical and geochemical study of a newly discovered mafic granulite, northwest China: Implications for tectonic evolution of the Altay Orogenic Belt

Abstract A mafic granulite body was newly discovered in the Altay Orogenic Belt, northwest China. The rocks comprise a suite of coarse‐grained and fine‐grained granulites. Orthopyroxenes (hypersthenes) in the rocks have high X_Mg and low Al₂O₃ contents, whereas clinopyroxenes have low TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents. Amphiboles and biotites have a high Mg/(Mg + Fe²⁺) ratio and low contents of F and Cl. The peak metamorphic pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions are estimated as 750–780°C and 6–7 kbar, and retrograde P–T conditions are in the range of 590–620°C and 2.3–3.7 kbar, indicating significant decompression. Metamorphic reactions and P–T estimates define a clockwise P–T path. Geochemically, the rocks are high in Mg/(Mg + Fe) and Al₂O₃, depleted in U, Th, K and Rb, and characterized by light rare earth element enrichment and a weak positive Eu anomaly. The Altay mafic granulite shows depleted Nb, P and Ti contents in the mid‐oceanic ridge basalt normalized spider diagram. The geochemical characteristics suggest that the protolith of the Altay mafic granulite was calc‐alkaline basalt and andesite with an island‐arc affinity. The rock has a high ¹⁴³Nd/¹⁴⁴Nd ratio with ?Nd(0) > 0, indicating derivation from a mantle‐depleted source. In the present study, a two‐stage model for the evolution of the Altay mafic granulite is proposed: an early stage in which calc‐alkaline basalt and andesite with island‐arc affinity were subducted into a deeper level of the crust and subjected to granulite‐facies metamorphism generating the mafic granulite, followed by the later stage exhumation of the system into the upper crust by the late Paleozoic thrusting.     

青藏高原北羌塘新生代火山岩中的麻粒岩捕虏体

北羌塘枕头崖地区新生代火山岩主要岩石类型为安山岩和英安岩类。其中,安山岩在一定程度上显示了埃达克质火山岩的特征,如高Sr(>1000×10-6)、Sr/Y>50以及低Yb(<2×10-6),表明其应源于榴辉岩相的青藏高原加厚陆壳中下部(>45km深度)。而英安岩类富集LILE,如Rb、Ba、Th、U和K等,亏损HFSE,如Ti、Nb、Ta和Sr等,尤其是Sr显著亏损,表明其应源于斜长石稳定的麻粒岩相源区。该区新生代安山岩和英安岩中麻粒岩捕虏体可分为两种类型,即二辉石麻粒岩和单斜辉石麻粒岩。二辉石麻粒岩平衡温度为783~818℃,单斜辉石麻粒岩形成压力在0·845~0·858GPa之间,来源深度约为27·9~28·3km,表明它们是来自青藏高原加厚陆壳中部的岩石样品,代表了本区英安岩类火山岩的源区物质组成。     

华北太古宙高压基性麻粒岩的两类PT轨迹及其构造意义:矿物化学和变质作用研究

在华北克拉通桑干构造带中,分布有许多太古宙高压基性麻粒岩,呈大小不等的岩块产于强烈变形的TTG片麻岩、二辉麻粒岩、混合岩和花岗岩中.高压麻粒岩富含石榴石斑晶,斑晶内部钙铝榴石含量明显高于边缘,一般可达25%～28%.许多石榴石含有单斜辉石包体,A12O3含量高达7.4%～11.2%,相应的契尔马克分子比例为12%～18%.这些成分特征指示了早期相对较高的变质压力.石榴石斑晶广泛发育后成合晶反应边,是Pl-Opx-Amp-Mt组合的放射状细粒交生体,邻接的单斜辉石和石榴石斑晶边缘与后成合晶组合近于反应平衡,单斜辉石Al2O3含量小于5%,石榴石边缘的钙铝榴石含量也大大低于核部.这些都显示了压力较低条件下石榴石和单斜辉石的分解.温度压力的计算结果揭示出高压麻粒岩的两类PT轨迹,它们早期的变质作用都表现出较高的压力(1.2～1.45GPa).一部分高压麻粒岩具有顺时针的PT轨迹,并显示升温减压和近等温减压过程.它们很可能形成于晚太古代某种型式的俯冲和碰撞构造过程.另一部分高压麻粒岩具有逆时针的PT轨迹,显示降温降压过程,并且早期变质温度高达1050C.它们很可能来自碰撞之前的岛弧下地壳底部.在碰撞阶段的后期,这些不同成因的高压麻粒岩都被卷入了与碰撞构造直接相关的桑干构造带,经历共同的构造抬升过程.桑干构造带可以认为是构造缝合带.     

Calculating phase diagrams involving solid solutions via non-linear equations, with examples using THERMOCALC

Phase diagrams involving solid solutions are calculated by solving sets of non-linear equations. In calculating P–T  projections and compatibility diagrams, the equations used for each equilibrium are the equilibrium relationships for an independent set of reactions between the end-members of the phases in the equilibrium. Invariant points and univariant lines in P–T  projections can be calculated directly, as can coordinates in compatibility diagrams. In calculating P–T  and T–x / P–x pseudosections – diagrams drawn for particular bulk compositions – the equilibrium relationship equations are augmented by mass balance equations. Lines in pseudosections, where the mode of one phase in the lower variance equilibrium is zero, and points, where the modes of two phases are zero, can then be calculated directly. The software, THERMOCALC, allows the calculation of these and a range of other types of phase diagram. Examples of phase diagrams and phase diagram movies, with instructions for their production, along with the THERMOCALC input and output files, and the Mathematica^TM functions for assembling them, are presented in this paper, partly in hard copy and partly on the JMG web sites (http://www.gly.bris.ac.uk/www/jmg/jmg.html, or equivalent Australian or USA sites).