准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土及微量元素的分配规律

对准格尔煤田黑岱沟露天矿煤的主量元素、稀土元素和微量元素含量和矿物组成进行了研究。结果表明,黑岱沟露天矿煤中稀土元素平均含量为248.12×10-6,约为中国煤平均值的2.83倍。LREE平均含量为236.66×10-6,HREE平均含量为11.46×10-6,LREE/HREE平均值为20.81,(La/Yb)N平均值为1.59,表明煤中LREE相对HREE富集。煤中部分稀土元素可能富集在勃姆石和黏土矿物中。稀土元素分配曲线δCeS变化区间(0.89～2.21)和δEuS中度亏损(0.46～0.86),验证了沉积环境在煤层形成演化过程中对煤中稀土元素输入的稳定性。黑岱沟煤层中微量元素明显偏高的有Ga、Pb、Se、Sr、Th 和Zr,这些元素的含量高于中国、中国华北晚古生代和美国煤的算术均值,也高于地壳克拉克值。     

Visual MODFLOW在煤矿建设地下水环境影响评价中的应用 ——以甘肃省灵台县安家庄煤矿为例

结合甘肃省灵台县安家庄煤矿地下水环境影响评价实例,建立了评价区水文地质概念模型,并基于Visual MODFLOW对评价区地下水进行了数值模拟计算和验证;预报了设计开采条件下研究区不同含水层的地下水水位。预报结果表明:矿坑排水使得煤层所在含水层出现疏干现象,并且疏干范围随着开采范围的增加而不断扩大;在煤矿开采作用下,随着模拟时间的延续,煤系层上覆白垩系洛河组—宜君组含水层地下水位降落漏斗的范围及地下水位下降幅度不断增大,但降落漏斗的范围基本上不超过采空区范围;煤矿开采对白垩系环河组含水层无影响,至矿区开采期结束,未引起含水层水位下降;对上部孔隙、裂隙潜水含水层也无影响,至矿区开采期结束未引起含水层水位下降。     

On the origin of bleaching phenomena in red bed sediments of Triassic Buntsandstein deposits in Central Germany

The Lower Triassic Buntsandstein in Central Germany comprises one of the major clastic, lithified hydrocarbon reservoirs, it is a major groundwater aquifer and it is considered as a potential underground gas storage lithology. Thus, sandstones of the Buntsandstein from Thuringia and NE Hesse were used to analyse their geochemical composition combined with mineralogical data in order to investigate the origin of several bleaching phenomena in primary red beds, since these give a hint for mineral alteration, mineral formation and mineral reactivity in the course of fluid-rock-interactions. This is relevant for e.g. recent Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) efforts. The origin of the observed bleaching phenomena is diverse and it is linked to certain stages of diagenesis and different episodes of fluid flow: (1) eodiagenetic bleaching coupled with palaeosoil formation and iron mobilisation, (2) mesodiagenetic bleaching as a result of hydrocarbon migration, (3) Tertiary bleaching due to CO₂ degassing from Miocene volcanism, (4) Tertiary telodiagenetic bleaching due to weathering under humid climate conditions, and (5) weathering processes related to recent telodiagenesis/pedogenesis. This study emphasizes the multiple nature of fluids, which can induce iron mobilisation and bleaching of red beds.     

双碳背景下我国煤炭资源勘查开发布局研究

随着双碳背景下国家能源结构调整和生态文明建设的要求,本文从保障国家主体能源安全和优化煤炭资源勘查开发布局的角度考虑,阐述了中国煤炭资源分布特点及勘查开发现状;从坚持集约与协调发展、改革与创新发展、绿色与清洁发展的基本原则出发,分析了新时期煤炭资源勘查目标：加强大型煤炭基地资源勘查、推进新增煤层气资源储量、加快煤系矿产资源勘查;从资源禀赋、开发强度、市场区位、环境容量、输送通道等方面出发,阐述了14个大型煤炭基地开发布局方向及建设规模,同时要加快煤层气的开发利用。研究成果对未来一段时期煤炭资源勘查开发及煤炭工业高质量发展具有重要的指导意义。     

煤田绳索取心钻探应建立新的行业钻探体系

煤炭仍然是世界主要能源资料,煤田地质勘探必将向深部发展,绳索取心钻探技术是深部钻探优质高效的首选方法。目前煤田绳索取心钻探技术未能全面采用,存在若干不适应煤田地层的技术问题,但都能采取措施解决。煤田地质钻探钻遇地层普遍存在水敏现象,导致泥浆含砂、含泥量过高使性能变坏。煤田绳索取心钻探还存在与“水敏”、“砂害”伴随着的泵压高、泥浆流速快、冲刷严重、冲洗液动力学效应负作用大等问题,采用非煤地质勘探标准钻具（柱）,强度低,能力弱,难以抵抗负面作用。为此,不仅需要优选适应地层抑制其水敏性的泥浆配比,更重要的是解决除砂除泥问题。同时要打破旧有思维,建立新体系,扩大钻孔直径,增大配套间隙,提升装备动力,用大功率去克服问题。     

煤矿井下碎软煤层瓦斯抽采钻孔钻进工艺

碎软煤层在我国煤矿区分布广泛,具有瓦斯含量高、压力大、渗透率低等特征,在碎软煤层中钻进存在喷孔、塌孔、排渣不畅等问题,导致碎软煤层钻进困难、孔内事故频发,进而影响成孔深度和成孔率,造成瓦斯治理盲区;尤其是随着我国煤矿开采深度的增加,碎软煤层瓦斯抽采孔工作量和成孔难度不断增大。针对碎软煤层瓦斯抽采对钻孔施工需求,研究开发了高转速螺旋钻进工艺、中风压空气钻进工艺、气体定向钻进工艺等实用、经济的碎软煤层高效钻进技术,破解了碎软煤层钻孔排渣护孔、轨迹控制和高效成孔等方面难题,实现了碎软煤层钻孔在服役周期内的长效利用,相关技术在安徽、贵州、山西等地区成功推广应用,达到高效、精准抽采的目的,为矿井安全生产提供了技术保障。     

A Comparative Study of the Coal‐forming Characteristics of Marginal Sea Basins and Epicontinental Sea Basins

The coal-forming characteristics,as well as the similarities and differences between epicontinental sea basins and continental marginal sea basins developed during different time periods,were analyzed in this study by adopting comparative analysis thoughts and methods.The results obtained in this study revealed that epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins are both characterized by the main development of thin coal seams or extremely thin coal seams.In addition,changes in sea levels were determined to be the main controlling factors for coal formation,and there were similarities in the continent-sea interactions and coal-forming sedimentary systems of the different basins.However,there were also significant differences observed in the sea level change events,basin basement structural characteristics,coal seam stability levels,accumulation and aggregation characteristics,and the migration patterns of coal-forming materials.For example,the marginal sea basins in the South China Sea were found to be characterized by strong tectonic activities,diversity and complexity.The basin structures showed complex patterns of depressions,uplifts and concave or sag uplifts,which tended to lead to greater complexity in the paleogeographic patterns of the coal formations.This had subsequently resulted in complex coal-forming processes and paleogeographic characteristics,in which the coal-forming zones displayed bead-like distributions,and the enrichment areas and centers were scattered.The practical significance of studying the similarities and differences of the coal-forming characteristics between epicontinental basins and marginal sea basins is that the results can potentially be used to guide the predictions of coal-measure coal seam distributions in South China Sea,as well as provide valuable guidance for future explorations of natural gas reservoirs related to coal measures in the South China Sea area.     

黄河北煤田10号煤煤层气储层物性及特征研究

煤层气是一种备受国家重视和开发利用的非常规清洁能源,煤层气储层物性的研究对煤层气资源的评价与开发具有重要意义。以黄河北煤田煤层气开发资料为基础,结合区域地质特征,应用煤层气地质理论对煤田内10号煤煤层气储层物性特征进行了研究。研究发现:10号煤层宏观煤岩类型以半亮煤为主,煤中有机显微组分以镜质组为主,无机显微组分以黏土为主;煤的变质程度比较高,整体进入成熟阶段;10号煤层储层孔裂隙发育、渗透率较低;10煤层对甲烷的吸附能力较强;10号煤层储层压力为2.16~4.20MPa,压力梯度为0.418~0.797MPa/100m,为低压储层至常压储层;黄河北煤田呈单斜构造,10号煤层埋藏深度较深,含水性较好,有利于煤层气保存。     

沁水煤田15号煤中氟的赋存状态及其沉积环境分析

氟是煤中有害元素之一,燃煤型氟排放造成的污染已经对人类的健康安全构成威胁。研究煤中氟赋存状态及其沉积环境,对掌握高氟煤分布规律及控制燃煤造成的氟排放具有重要意义。通过对沁水煤田内6座煤矿15号煤样品的分析发现:煤中氟含量与灰分显著相关,与黄铁矿硫、有机硫无相关关系,表明煤中氟主要以无机物形式赋存,且与含硫矿物无关;与钾、镁、硅、铝等元素含量具有显著的相关关系,表明氟有可能的主要赋存形式为金云母、氟金云母等矿物,以及以吸附存在于高岭石、勃姆石、伊蒙混层等黏土矿物中;与钙、磷元素含量无显著相关性,表明氟不以氟磷灰石、含氟羟基磷灰石等矿物大量赋存。此外,通过对沁水煤田15号煤的沉积环境分析发现,弱还原环境、较低盐度、偏酸性、较强的水动力条件有利于该区域煤中氟的富集。     

煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展的思考与探讨

煤炭地质勘查工作关系国家能源安全,在国民经济发展中具有重要的战略地位。伴随煤炭行业绿色转型和新能源革命新形势,及时调整产业结构,向大地质、大资源、大生态方向拓展服务领域,为国家生态文明建设和煤炭产业绿色安全高效发展提供坚实的地质技术保障,成为煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展必然趋势和未来发展方向。结合煤田地质勘查工作发展历程及现状、发展趋势,对煤炭地质勘查产业转型发展方向进行深入剖析和探讨。