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961.
In-situ sensors for riverine water quality monitoring are a powerful tool to describe temporal variations when efficient and informative analyses are applied to the large quantities of data collected. Concentration-discharge hysteresis patterns observed during storm events give insights into headwater catchment processes. However, the applicability of this approach to larger catchments is less well known. Here, we evaluate the potential for high-frequency turbidity-discharge (Q) hysteresis patterns to give insights into processes operating in a meso-scale (722 km2) northern mixed land use catchment. As existing event identification methods did not work, we developed a new, objective method based on hydrograph characteristics and identified 76 events for further analysis. Qualitative event analysis identified three recurring patterns. Events with low mean Q (≤ 2 m3/s) often showed short-term, quasi-periodic turbidity variation, to a large extent disconnected from Q variation. High max Q events (≥15 m3/s) were often associated with spring flood or snowmelt, and showed a disconnection between turbidity and Q. Intermediate Q events (mean Q: 2–11 m3/s) were the most informative when applying hysteresis indexes, since changes in turbidity and Q were actually connected. Hysteresis indexes could be calculated on a subset of 60 events, which showed heterogeneous responses: 38% had a clockwise response, 12% anticlockwise, 12% figure eight (clockwise–anticlockwise), 10% reverse figure eight (anticlockwise–clockwise) and 28% showed a complex response. Clockwise hysteresis responses were associated with the wetter winter and spring seasons. Generally, changes in Q and turbidity were small during anticlockwise hysteresis events. Precipitation often influenced figure-eight patterns, while complex patterns often occurred during summer low flows. Analysis of intermediate Q events can improve process understanding of meso-scale catchments and possibly aid in choosing appropriate management actions for targeting a specific observed pattern. 相似文献
962.
以中国大陆构造环境监测网络昆明台和恩施台gPhone相对重力仪连续重力潮汐观测数据为基础,研究了gPhone重力仪在1 mHz以上频段的高频响应。从瑞利面波角度获得gPhone重力仪的高频响应,并且通过与同址观测的STS-1地震仪LHZ分量数据进行对比,验证了gPhone重力仪高频观测结果的可靠性。对比从gPhone重力仪和STS-1地震仪观测数据中提取到的面波波形和群速度频散曲线,发现昆明台两类仪器观测到面波信号的振幅和相位都较为一致,而恩施台仅振幅较为一致,相位上存在较明显差异,gPhone重力仪记录的面波信号在各频段存在不同的时间延迟。用两类仪器观测数据获得了大地震激发的自由振荡,结果表明两类仪器观测到的基频球型模态自由振荡的频率和振幅都吻合较好,进一步验证了gPhone重力仪对高频频段信号振幅响应的可靠性。以上研究结果表明:利用gPhone重力仪能够准确地观测到大地震激发的面波和自由振荡等高频信号的振幅,但在记录信号的相位信息时,有些仪器会有相位偏移产生,如果研究中需要考虑信号的相位,则必须获得仪器相位偏移量,再进行仪器相位校正。 相似文献
963.
964.
M. Guélin N. Brouillet J. Cernicharo F. Combes A. Wooten 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2008,313(1-3):45-51
High angular resolution mm-wave observations of the Orion-KL region, made with the IRAM Plateau de Bure interferometer (PdBI),
reveal the presence of several cores of size 103 AU, which have distinct spectral signatures. Complex molecules such as ethanol, vinyl cyanide and dimethyl ether show different
distributions and their relative abundance varies from core to core by orders of magnitude. The molecular column densities
derived in the cores also differ widely from the beam-averaged column densities observed with large single-dish telescopes.
Obviously, the predictions of hot core chemistry models must be checked against high resolution observations. ALMA, which
allies sensitivity and high angular resolution, will be a key instrument for this type of studies.
The PdBI observations were part of a search for interstellar glycine, also carried out with the IRAM 30-m telescope and the
Green Bank Telescope. We derive a 3σ upper limit on the column density of glycine of 1×1015 cm−2 per 2″×3″ beam in the Orion Hot Core and Compact Ridge.
Based on observations made with the IRAM PdB Interferometer, the IRAM 30-m telescope and the NRAO Green-Bank telescope. IRAM
is supported by CNRS, MPG and IGN. 相似文献
965.
R. Avila J. L. Avilés R. W. Wilson M. Chun T. Butterley E. Carrasco 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(4):1511-1516
We report the development and first results of an instrument called Low Layer SCIDAR (Scintillation Detection and Ranging) (LOLAS) which is aimed at the measurement of optical-turbulence profiles in the atmospheric boundary layer with high altitude resolution. The method is based on the Generalized SCIDAR (GS) concept, but unlike the GS instruments which need a 1-m or larger telescope, LOLAS is implemented on a dedicated 40-cm telescope, making it an independent instrument. The system is designed for widely separated double-star targets, which enables the high altitude resolution. Using a 200-arcsec-separation double star, we have obtained turbulence profiles with unprecedented 12-m resolution. The system incorporates necessary novel algorithms for autoguiding, autofocus and image stabilization. The results presented here were obtained at Mauna Kea Observatory. They show LOLAS capabilities but cannot be considered as representative of the site. A forthcoming paper will be devoted to the site characterization. The instrument was built as part of the Ground Layer Turbulence Monitoring Campaign on Mauna Kea for Gemini Observatory. 相似文献
966.
Eleni Vardoulaki Steve Rawlings Chris Simpson David G. Bonfield R. J. Ivison Eduardo Ibar 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2008,387(2):505-535
We study the 37 brightest radio sources in the Subaru/ XMM–Newton Deep Field. We have spectroscopic redshifts for 24 of 37 objects and photometric redshifts for the remainder, yielding a median redshift z med for the whole sample of z med ≃ 1.1 and a median radio luminosity close to the 'Fanaroff–Riley type I/type II (FR I/FR II)' luminosity divide. Using mid-infrared (mid-IR) ( Spitzer MIPS 24 μm) data we expect to trace nuclear accretion activity, even if it is obscured at optical wavelengths, unless the obscuring column is extreme. Our results suggest that above the FR I/FR II radio luminosity break most of the radio sources are associated with objects that have excess mid-IR emission, only some of which are broad-line objects, although there is one clear low-accretion-rate object with an FR I radio structure. For extended steep-spectrum radio sources, the fraction of objects with mid-IR excess drops dramatically below the FR I/FR II luminosity break, although there exists at least one high-accretion-rate 'radio-quiet' QSO. We have therefore shown that the strong link between radio luminosity (or radio structure) and accretion properties, well known at z ∼ 0.1, persists to z ∼ 1. Investigation of mid-IR and blue excesses shows that they are correlated as predicted by a model in which, when significant accretion exists, a torus of dust absorbs ∼30 per cent of the light, and the dust above and below the torus scatters ≳1 per cent of the light. 相似文献
967.
Geochemistry of Ore Fluids and Rb-Sr Isotopic Dating for the Wulong Gold Deposit in Liaoning, China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
WEI Junhao QIU Xiaoping GUO Dazhao TAN Wenjuan Faculty of Earth Resources Chinese University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(6):1267-1274
On the basis of detailed geological studies of the Wulong gold deposit, three metallogenic stages can be identified. With quartz fluid inclusions as an object of study, the authors investigated phase characteristics, compositional variations, temperature and pressure changes, fluid evolution, Pb isotope tracing and Rb-Sr isotopic dating of fluid inclusions entrapped in the above three metallogenic stages. The results show that Na+ is decreased obviously with metallogenic evolution, while K+ and other cations and gas compositions (H2, CO, CH4 and CO2) are increased slightly, and that the temperature and salinity vary in a pulsating manner along with the metallogenic evolution. Inverse calculation of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes indicate that at the first metallogenic stage the fluids were magmatic water, at the second stage they were dominated by magmatic water with a minor amount of meteoric water involved, and at the third stage, i.e., the final stage of metallogenesis, the fluids were composed complete 相似文献
968.
山东招远金岭金矿埠南矿区1#脉流体特征及成矿物理化学条件研究 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
金岭金矿埠南矿区成矿流体成分特征显示流体为有幔源流体参与的岩浆水与大气水的混合流体。均一法测温表明成矿温度在 10 3~ 35 2℃ ,变化较大 ;通过Shenberger等和Hayashi等LogfO2 - pH图解 ,温度较低的成矿中期阶段 (2 5 0℃± )流体系统中的金明显比早期阶段 (30 0℃± )富集。成矿流体中金主要以Au(HS) -2 形式存在。根据含CO2 三相包体估算 ,流体压力在 5 1~ 70MPa之间。根据Sibson等断裂带流体垂直分带曲线 ,在流体压力为4 0~ 370MPa时 ,断裂带流体压力和深度之间为非线性关系 ,成矿深度既不能用静水压力梯度也不能用静岩压力梯度来计算 ,应该用特定的流体压力和深度关系式计算。通过分段拟合深度和压力之间的关系式计算出金岭金矿成矿深度在 5 .7~ 6 .78km之间 ;按照Gebre Mariam等提出太古代后生金矿深度分类 ,属典型中成脉型金矿。 相似文献
969.
江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下二维广角地震初探 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
江汉油田江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩发育,利用常规地震资料很难得到高速玄武岩下的地震反射。分析研究表明,广角地震有利于玄武岩下的地震成像。通过综合正演和实际地震数据完成了广角地震资料的处理,获得了江陵凹陷北部高速玄武岩下的反射地震信息。在开展广角地震波场的识别和利用研究过程中,从正演模型出发,探讨了在不同地质条件下高速层对地震波场的影响,并针对靶区资料讨论了如何识别广角地震信息。在上述基础上,通过对实际地震资料做精细的分析和处理,最终完成了高速玄武岩下地震资料的成像。 相似文献
970.