地中电偶极源极低频电磁场的分布与传播特征

利用层状大地中偶极源响应的正演算法, 计算地中电偶极源激发的极低频地震电磁场并分析其在地球环境下的传播特征.设计了多个水平层状地球模型, 分别模拟和展示了深埋地中的电偶极源的响应和空间分布特征.重点分析了含地壳波导+LAI波导模型的高阻大地中, 倾斜电偶极源激励响应随观测点的偏移距和垂直位置、激励源深度、地壳波导结构和参数变化时各场量响应的幅频特征.研究表明, 用倾斜电偶极源模拟和分析高阻大地中孕震电磁辐射的响应及在大地电磁系统中的传播特性是可行的; 模拟的高阻大地中的电磁辐射在地壳波导和LAI波导中均表现有慢衰减或幅值增强特性, 但两个波导效应具有不同的频率选择性; 高阻大地中的电磁辐射在波导的高阻介质中具有幅值强、衰减慢的特点.建议在高阻地层出露的地表、井中或海底的高阻岩层中以及大气层中布设测站.

     

The periodic variations of the core drift rate: global and zonal motions (Mitteilung des Zentralinstituts für Physik der Erde,Nr. 1746)

Toroidal zonal motions at the top of the Earth's core were computed from the observed secular variation and investigated with regard to their time dependence. Previously derived results for a pure westward drifting core could be re-examined. Additionally, the well-known 66.7 years period was found to be an oscillation of the zonal velocity field of third degree. With respect to periodic constituents, the total magnetic core-mantle coupling torque according to the zonal motions is comparable with that derived for a pure westward drifting core. Some differences in period lengthes and amplitudes do not remove previously stated differences between the spectra of the magnetic and mechanical torques on principle.     

“分水岭迁移与河流袭夺”客观存在

分水岭迁移的结果必然会引起河流的袭夺，这是水系演变中的客观规律。分水岭之所以会发生迁移，关键在于分水岭两侧分别存在着高位河流与低位河流，这就使得分水岭两侧的侵蚀能量有差异。分水岭的被切穿主要是由于低位河流溯源侵蚀较强，迫使分水岭向高位河流的一例移动，并最终袭夺高位河流。     

近6 ka以来科尔沁沙地东部气候变化记录

 根据科尔沁沙地东部TL剖面磁化率、有机质、化学元素等气候代用指标的变化特征和14C测年结果,分析和讨论了科尔沁沙地6 ka BP以来的气候变化过程。实验数据显示,高频磁化率、低频磁化率、有机质、Al2O3含量变化趋势基本一致,且峰值段对应古土壤层,谷值段对应风成砂层。依据气候代用指标的变化将6 ka BP以来科尔沁沙地气候变化分为3个阶段：Ⅰ.6.0～4.2 ka BP,气候暖湿,夏季风逐渐增强,并占主导,冬季风较弱,与全新世大暖期对应,但存在百年尺度的气候波动,其中：6.0～5.6 ka BP,5.6～5.4 ka BP,4.9～4.2 ka BP气候暖湿;5.6～5.5 ka BP,5.4～4.9 ka BP气候相对冷干。Ⅱ.4.2～1.3 ka BP,气候相对暖湿,与上一阶段相比夏季风有所减弱,但仍强于冬季风,其间也存在次一级波动,3.7～3.6 ka BP,3.4～1.3 ka BP,气候相对暖湿,4.2～3.7 ka BP,3.6～3.4 ka BP气候相对干冷。Ⅲ.1.3～0.65 ka BP以来,气候波动频繁,后期有向暖湿发展的趋势。总体而言,区域气候变化与全球具有较好的一致性。     

Migration and enrichment of trace elements of Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing

Analyses of trace elements of the Lower Palaeozoic carbonate rock strata in Beijing show that the contents of As, Hg, F increase from primary carbonate rocks to weathered carbonate rocks and from primary carbonate rocks to the soil coexisting with carbonate rocks, but the distribution regularity of S is not obvious. In the whole weathered stages, the sorption of As is mainly affected by Fe2O3. In soil Fe2O3 is also the main affecting factor of Hg enrichment. The main existing forms of Hg in primary carbonate rocks should simply be physical adsorption, coprecipitation and false isomorphous form between surface of carbonate rock and Hg. In soil the enrichment of F has little relationship with sul-fides and Fe2O3. In primary carbonate rocks, F is mainly absorbed by sulfides and clay minerals, etc. Weathered samples have closer genetic relationships with primary carbonate rocks. This also implies that weathered carbonate rocks have the close existing forms to that of primary carbonate rocks. In primary carbonate rocks FeS2 and FeS are the main forms of S, and sulfides have fixation effect on some heavy metals, whereas in weathered carbonate rocks and soil the fixation effect is weakened.     

Chromospheric evolution and the flare activity of super-active region NOAA 6555

Super-active region NOAA 6555 was highly flare productive during the period March 21st–27th, 1991 of its disk passage. We have st udied its chromospheric activity using high spatial resolution Hα filtergrams taken at Udaipur along with MSFC vector magnetograms. A possible relationship of flare productivity and the variation in shear has been explored. Flares were generally seen in those subareas of the active region which possessed closed magnetic field configuration, whereas only minor flares and/or surges occurred in subareas showing open magnetic field configuration. Physical mechanisms responsible for the observed surges are also discussed.     

地幔对流与岩石层板块的相互耦合及影响──（Ⅱ）地幔混合对流理论及其应用

观测到的板块运动包含两种能量分布几乎相等的运动形态：极型场和环型场．纯粹的由热驱动的地幔自由对流不能预期和解释环型运动的产生．本文提出地幔混合对流理论,既考虑了热驱动的自由对流,也考虑了由板块自身激发的强迫对流．根据板块处于动力学平衡状态的观测事实,建立了相应的模型．数值结果表明,根据混合对流模型所预期的板块速度场,既能产生极型场,也能产生环型场,而且在空间分布特征及功率谱分布上与观测资料符合相当好．地幔物质的上升流动基本和洋脊对应,而下降流动和俯冲带对应．     

Has the crab pulsar magnetic field grown after its birth?

We investigate the evolution of rotation period and spindown age of a pulsar whose surface magnetic field undergoes a phase of growth. Application of these results to the Crab pulsar strongly indicates that its parameters cannot be accounted for by the field growth theories.     

北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征及其环境意义

应用环境磁学方法对北京市大兴区大气降尘环境磁学特征进行了系统研究,并通过与北京市朝阳区、兰州市大气降尘环境磁学特征的对比,对环境磁学在污染物来源解析及扩散条件研究中的应用机理进行了探讨。结果表明,大兴区大气降尘磁性矿物含量明显高于本区表土,人为源影响显著;降尘样品磁学特征主要受磁铁矿控制,并含有一定数量的磁赤铁矿,磁性矿物为准单畴和多畴颗粒;大兴区降尘样品的磁性矿物含量明显低于朝阳区,且样品颗粒相对较细,表明人口密度、车流量、城市发达度对大气污染程度存在显著影响;大兴区与兰州市大气降尘磁性矿物含量的季节变化差异表明,燃煤取暖对北京大气质量的影响显著减弱,燃煤锅炉改造是大气污染防治的重要措施之一。气象因素对大气颗粒物浓度变化有重要影响,降水、低气压和高风速利于大气颗粒物的清除和扩散,低气温对大气颗粒物污染的负面影响显著。     

基于DTW与K-means算法的河北场雨及雨型分区特征研究

深入挖掘气象站点的观测降雨数据,研究区域降雨的雨型规律,对于洪涝灾害预警和减灾措施制订有重要意义.本文基于河北省2005-2017年3189个站点逐小时降雨观测数据,进行"场雨"的划定,进而提取历史上各场雨的累积雨量、时长指标.采用数据挖掘技术中的DTW相似性算法进行场雨雨型的自动归类,将场雨分成Ⅰ-Ⅶ共7种雨型,包括...