Morphological Characteristics of （K, Na）-Rectorite from Zhongxiang Rectorite Deposit, Hubei, Central China

The morphological characteristics of the Zhongxiang (钟祥) rectorite have been studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The structural formula of the Zhongxiang rectorite is: interstratification of (K, Na)-mica and Ca-montmorillouite. SEM observations show that Zhongxiang rectorite occurs as platy and fold-shaped crystals, and mainly as extremely thin plates with thickness ranging from 0.4 to 0.05 μm and a smooth (001) surface. There are well-developed polygonal steps on the surfaces of some thick crystals, suggesting a layer-by-layer growth mechanism. AFM observations show a series of steps with a height of 2 nm on the platy particles, suggesting the stacking of 20 nm fundamental particles. Club-like or fiber-shaped halloysite is included in the platy crystals with their elongated dimension paralleling (001) of the platy crystals or crossing the (001) surface of the platy rectorite, indicating multi-stage crystallization and involvement of hydrothermal fluids. The Zhongxiang rectorite was generated by both layer-by-layer growth mechanism and dissolution and crystallization growth mechanism with multistages.     

瞬变电磁法深度探测正演模拟研究

针对当前瞬变电磁法探测能力有限的问题,利用一次磁场理论公式,分析相同磁矩下、不同发射线圈一次磁场分布及衰减规律,从而确定其信号深度影响范围;对水平层状介质相同磁矩下、不同发射线圈的二次场进行数值模拟,采用Guptasarma和Singh滤波算法及余弦变换法,利用均匀半空间解析公式进行验证,并对不同正演模型结果进行分析,总结发射磁矩决定探测深度大小。对磁矩相同条件下产生的结果数据进行拟合,得出有效探测深度与线圈边长2倍相当的结论,可为野外矿井生产与工程勘探提供施工布置与定量解释的指导依据,从而提高野外工作效率。     

On-site calibration of air-coil sensor for transient electromagnetic exploration

This paper proposes a time-domain fitting method for on-site calibration of the air-coil sensor. The air-coil sensor has been widely used in transient electromagnetic exploration. Due to limited bandwidth of the coil, the output signal is distorted, causing a phenomenon known as the transition process. To accurately measure the magnetic field from the output signals, the relationship between the coil induced electromotive force and the output voltage must be confirmed by on-site calibration, which requires high calibration accuracy and demands simple operation, portable equipment, and adaptability to the environment. Conventional frequency response methods, however, requires a uniform magnetic field with various frequencies to obtain the frequency response curve of the air-coil sensor. The time to acquire the signal correlates with the number of test frequencies, and the equipment used to generate a uniform magnetic field must be tailored to the shape of the air-coil sensor under test. This paper constructs a relationship between the calibration file and the zero-input response of the air-coil sensor and designs an optimization algorithm to suppress the soil eddy current effect. This on-site calibration method lifts the dependence on the uniform calibration field and reduces significantly the time required for calibration. The calibration source can be generated by cutting off the voltage source in parallel to the calibration coil, which greatly reduces the cost of the signal generator and provides a better solution for realizing the embedded self-test devices. Experimental results show that the proposed method effectively improves the calculation accuracy of the apparent resistivity.     

不同物探方法在青海省共和盆地塔拉滩找水效果的分析

本文通过对不同物探方法在塔拉滩找水效果的详细分析、总结,着重指出可控源音频大地电磁测深法（CSAMT）在该区找水效果良好、成果可信度高。     

简述瞬变电磁法(TEM)的研究现状、进展与问题

近年来,由于电子技术的快速发展、勘查市场的旺盛需求以及瞬变电磁法(TEM)的自身优点,使得TEM方法从仪器到方法技术均获长足进展。在此,简述了TEM仪器及方法技术的研究现状与进展,总结了TEM的应用领域,分析了TEM方法目前存在的主要问题,探讨了TEM急需解决的问题及发展方向。     

瞬变电磁法的现状与发展趋势

瞬变电磁法在矿产资源等勘查领域已广泛应用,成为寻找铜多金属硫化物矿床的重要方法。这里综述了国内外瞬变电磁仪器的性能和主要技术指标,简要分析了部分仪器存在的缺陷,总体上国外TEM仪器的性能优于国内产品。国外解释软件的可视化和集成度相对较高,在实际资料反演和成像的解释方面,国内外基本处于同一水平。近期一维反演和二维电阻率成像仍是TEM资料解释的主要手段,复杂地电条件的三维反演技术在短期内达到实用化较难。     

超高压榴辉岩中金红石的纳米级微构造特征及成因机制探讨

本文应用透射电子显微镜(TEM)详细研究了,中国苏鲁毛北地区金红石榴辉岩中金红石的超微构造特征。在该金红石榴辉岩中发育有两种不同类型的金红石晶体。第一种类型的金红石(Rt(A))与石榴石和绿辉石共生,其晶体内部发育有极密集的晶体缺陷,调制结构和变形双晶。变形双晶面分别为(100)和(010)。表明该类金红石晶体曾遭受过强烈的应力作用,推测它们可能是在大陆板块俯冲或折返过程中形成中发育的。而另一类金红石(Rt(B))存在于石榴石和绿辉石晶体中的包体,其晶格十分完整,没有变形痕迹。可能是由于该类金红石寄主于较大颗粒的石榴石或绿辉石晶体中,在大陆板块俯冲或折返过程中因受到寄住主晶的保护,没有发生晶格畸变。     

瞬变电磁法在民乐斑岩铜矿区找矿中的应用

在民乐斑岩铜矿找矿中,常规物探方法难以确定钻孔孔位,后经TEM试验及扫面工作,钻孔验证见到富厚铜矿,使找矿工作取得重要进展。     

应用与透射电子显微术相结合的电子能量损失谱(EELS)测定矿物中Ce和Fe的氧化态

在透射电子显微镜(TEM)中,与样品发生弹性散射的高能电子可被用于成像和产生选区电子衍射(SAED),它们能提供关于样品结构的重要信息。高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM )由于它具有高的空间分辨率,因而可以在原子的尺度上来研究样品的结构和微结构(或织构 )。此外,TEM中入射的高能电子还经历了与样品的非弹性相互作用,它可以提供关于样品的 化学和电子结构的进一步信息。据此,以TEM中的X射线能量色散谱学(EDS)和电子能量损失 谱学(EELS)为基础,产生了分析电子显微术(AEM)。其中EELS能够提供有关样品的诸如定量 化学分析(包括除氢以外的所有元素)、氧化态、配位、结晶度以及化学键合类型等有价值的 信息。HRTEM与EELS结合的研究则能从纳米尺度上提供关于矿物反应的微结构和微化学信息 。应用以M4和M5边的电子能量 损失近边结构(ELNES)为基础的EELS,研究了被建议作为放射性废料寄主相的烧绿石中Ce的 氧化态。与Ce3＋相比,Ce4＋的M4和M5边具有较高的能量损失。M4与M5边之间以及它们之后的弱峰之间的 强度比可用于Ce3＋与Ce4＋的定量分析。在内蒙所产烧绿石矿物的颗粒,其未蚀变区的EELS数据指示出有Ce3＋及其他稀士元素。然而由相邻蚀变区得出的EELS光谱则显示为Ce4＋、Ba及其他稀土元素。这表明在烧绿石蚀变期间,Ce的氧化导致了稀土元素、U及α衰变产物Pb的损失。基于Fe-L3边之ELNES的特征,EELS也能提供关于含Fe的闪石、辉石及其他硅酸盐矿物中Fe的氧化态的定量信息。应用这一方法直接测定了相互连生的一对闪石和辉石中Fe氧化态的定量值。其中闪石的Fe3＋/∑Fe原子数之比=0.65,而按间接计算方法得出的该闪石之相应的比值为0.5,两 者间有明显的差异。