Frost heave modelling using porosity rate function

Frost‐susceptible soils are characterized by their sensitivity to freezing that is manifested in heaving of the ground surface. While significant contributions to explaining the nature of frost heave in soils were published in late 1920s, modelling efforts did not start until decades later. Several models describing the heaving process have been developed in the past, but none of them has been generally accepted as a tool in engineering applications. The approach explored in this paper is based on the concept of the porosity rate function dependent on two primary material parameters: the maximum rate, and the temperature at which the maximum rate occurs. The porosity rate is indicative of ice growth, and this growth is also dependent on the temperature gradient and the stress state in the freezing soil. The advantage of this approach over earlier models stems from a formulation consistent with continuum mechanics that makes it possible to generalize the model to arbitrary three‐dimensional processes, and use the standard numerical techniques in solving boundary value problems. The physical premise for the model is discussed first, and the development of the constitutive model is outlined. The model is implemented in a 2‐D finite element code, and the porosity rate function is calibrated and validated. Effectiveness of the model is then illustrated in an example of freezing of a vertical cut in frost‐susceptible soil. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

南极亚极地冰缘环境中分选环形成机制的观测与研究

南极亚极地冰缘环境中分选环边缘砾石砾径与其斜度坡度呈正相关,可用y=-5.0606+1.42828x表示。若砾径小于15厘米时符合y=-6.15778+1.56273x方程,大于15厘米时则符合v=-17.1913+1.97643x,说明当分选环边缘砾石砾径大于15厘米时摩擦阻力和砾石间结合力迅速增大。分选环中心表面小砾石运动具有周期性,总的位移是向边缘。中心表层冻胀力比深层大,中心冻胀强,向四周逐渐减小。体积较大的物体受冻胀力影响大。     

Microscopic and environmental controls on the spacing and thickness of segregated ice lenses

The formation of segregated ice is of fundamental importance to a broad range of permafrost and periglacial features and phenomena. Models have been developed to account for the microscopic interactions that drive water migration, and predict key macroscopic characteristics of ice lenses, such as their spacings and thicknesses. For a given set of sediment properties, the temperature difference between the growing and incipient lenses is shown here to depend primarily on the ratio between the effective stress and the temperature deviation from bulk melting at the farthest extent of pore ice. This suggests that observed spacing between ice lenses in frozen soils, or traces of lenses in soils that once contained segregated ice, might be used to constrain the combinations of effective stress and temperature gradient that were present near the time and location at which the lower lens in each pair was initiated. The thickness of each lens has the potential to contain even more information since it depends additionally on the rate of temperature change and the permeability of the sediment at the onset of freezing. However, these complicating factors make it more difficult to interpret thickness data in terms of current or former soil conditions.     

柔性气囊助浮法拆除导管架技术研究

文中研究采用柔性气囊助浮法起升导管架的拆除技术。浅水海域浮吊进入困难并且拆除导管架的施工费用昂贵。考虑气囊产生的浮力巨大、价格便宜及连接结构方便的特点,针对即将拆除的QK18-2平台,设计气囊助浮起升导管架的技术方案。考虑水深确定导管架吃水,设计气囊与导管架的连接方式。针对导管架在位起浮状态,计算带有气囊的导管架系统幅频响应RAOs,考虑不同的海洋环境参数,计算分析风浪流作用下导管架系统6个自由度的时域运动响应,文中提出了多点系泊控制导管架运动的合理系泊方式。研究结果表明,气囊助浮法拆除导管架技术具有较高的工程实用价值,针对目标导管架平台设计的气囊助浮拆除技术方案,具有费用低、风险小及不需使用浮吊的技术优势,该项技术可以在导管架平台拆除中推广应用。     

Experimental study on moisture migration of remodeled clay under different overburden pressure and temperature gradients

Unidirectional freezing experiments under overburden pressure were carried out, in order to study the driving force of mois-ture migration of remodeled clay during freezing, through improving the indoo...     

The effect of confining boundary on soil deformation in one dimensional frost heave tests and the theoretical volume correction

Frost heave is one of the major complications in highway construction in cold regions. Laboratory experiments are im-portant in the study frost heave behavior of soils, and one-dimensional frost heave ...     

置换法在抑制土工格栅冻胀破坏中的应用

在季节性冻土地区,由于冻拔作用常使加筋土坡中土工格栅浮出地面,导致加筋作用失效,但国内关于其破坏防治的试验研究较少。通过室外冻胀试验,研究利用非冻胀性材料置换的方法对抑制土工格栅冻拔破坏的效果。对比火山灰置换与未置换的两块土工格栅的冻胀数据结果表明,置换侧的土工格栅的最终残余冻胀量较未置换侧的低50%。因此,置换方法对于抑制土工格栅的冻胀破坏效果明显,具有较强的工程实用价值     

软土狭长深基坑抗隆起破坏模式试验研究

针对软土地区基坑底土层为饱和软黏土的情况,设计了狭长深基坑的抗隆起离心模型试验,分析不同开挖深度和水位条件下的基坑围护墙弯矩、土压力分布、水平位移以及基坑隆起稳定破坏机制。基于离心模型试验的基本参数和工况,建立了有限元数值模型,分析试验工况基坑的抗隆起稳定性与破坏状态,并进行对比验证。试验结果表明：随着开挖深度和坑外水位的增加,坑底软土层产生向上的隆起变形,当隆起变形较大时,围护墙由于坑内土体侧向约束的减弱,底部产生较大的向坑内的水平位移,同时导致支撑轴力增大,基坑最终表现出围护墙绕某道支撑点向坑内的转动踢脚破坏。数值计算结果表明：随着坑外水位的升高,基坑抗隆起稳定性安全系数逐渐减小,当发生抗隆起稳定破坏时,基坑底产生较大的隆起位移,破坏机制与离心模型试验结果相同。     

饱和粉土冻结过程中的水分迁移试验研究

改变边界温度和土样高度,对饱和粉土进行了冻结试验,研究其水分迁移、水分重分布、冻胀和冰透镜体的发展规律。试验结果表明：当温度稳定时,水分持续迁移到冻结锋面附近,含水率急剧增大,易形成冰透镜体。饱和粉土冰透镜体几何形态较为规则,无枝状交叉结构,已冻土为整体状且无网状裂隙。冻结过程中存在起始冻胀时间,在起始冻胀时间之前,土中水分被排出,冻胀发生之后水分补给到冻土中,且补给水分产生的冻胀量和总冻胀量数值接近。土样高度影响水分迁移量和冻胀量,土样越高,冻胀量越小,冻土含水率增量越小,但水分增量分布区域越分散,且起始冻胀时间越长。     

复合填料一维冻胀量数值模拟分析

复合填料是以废铸砂、粉煤灰、聚苯乙烯颗粒（EPS）、水泥和水为原料,拌合后形成的一种轻质填筑材料。其中,EPS颗粒含量适当时,能减少或消除复合填料的冻胀和融沉,可作为季节性冻土区的路基填料。假设复合填料中除EPS颗粒外的骨料颗粒、孔隙冰为刚性介质,同时考虑EPS颗粒变形和填料孔隙变形对复合填料冻结过程的影响,在已有的冻土水热耦合分离冰模型的基础上,得到考虑EPS颗粒变形影响的饱和填料一维冻结水热耦合控制方程,进而预测填料的冻胀量。与室内模型试验结果对比表明,本文模型可用于该种具有弹性颗粒复合填料的冻胀量模拟,为工程中冻胀量预测提供依据。