某公路软弱地基上的高填方路基开裂失效病害处治对策研究

以我国西南某高速公路软弱地基上的高填方路堤开裂失效病害实例作为研究对象,以病害现象反复发生反复处治、病害认识不断加深的历程作为基础:先是因为对软弱地基处理方式失当而在路堤填筑过程中产生了侧向滑移病害;后又因为对病害机制认识不准确,导致制定的治理方案处治病害不彻底,使得路堤重新填筑过程中再次产生了侧向滑移病害;然后,再次因为对病害机制的认识还是不到位,并且对治理方案作用机理的理解不透彻,导致了病害进一步加重而致使路堤不得不重新填筑。通过对病害发生、发展过程的再认识和再评估,对病害发生机制进行了较为深入的探究和论述,对未能达到预期的病害处治对策进行了总结和反省,提出了病害防治的应对策略和思路,形成了病害处治方案且经历了实践的验证。     

二维三温热传导方程组的二阶分数步差分格式

对二维三温热传导方程组提出一类分数步有限差分格式。利用变分形式及能量方法 ,得到离散 H1范数的最优阶先验误差估计及稳定性     

Seasonal Variability in Circulation Pattern and Residence Time of Suo-Nada

The development and evolution of the persistent counterclockwise circulation in Suo-Nada have been studied in detail using a three-dimensional numerical model. The realistic circulation has been reproduced from the monthly climatological fields of salinity, temperature along the open boundary, wind, heat flux and buoyancy input from twenty-two major rivers surrounding the basin. The seasonal variation of fresh-water discharge from the rivers proved to be the most important forcing mechanism driving the circulation. The expansion and contraction of coastal low salinity water well corresponded with the development of counterclockwise circulation from spring to summer and dissipation from autumn to winter. The circulation was found to be vertically homogenous and quasi-barotropic. However, confined along the coastal zone is an estuarine flow (i.e., oppositely directed currents in the upper and lower layers) whose horizontal dimension conforms to the period of maximum buoyancy flux from the rivers. This indicates that the flow pattern in Suo-Nada can be separated into two distinct regions where the relative dominance of estuarine circulation plays a significant role. Furthermore, the monthly water exchange capacity for autonomous purification of the basin has been evaluated from the average residence time of conservative material based on the calculated current field. It is demonstrated that the kinetic energy of the basin is directly responsible in promoting water exchange in Suo-Nada. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Monthly Variation of Sea-Air Temperature Differences in the Korean Coast

Monthly variations of sensible heat, latent heat and momentum fluxes and the modification of sea temperature to air temperature were examined at four coastal stations—Sokcho, Kangnung, Ulsan and Chungmu in the path of the East Korea Warm Current from the year of 1981 to 1990, which was one of main migration routes of Japanese common squid. The difference between monthly averaged sea surface and air temperatures at the 10 m height above the sea surface mainly became negative values from April through August, while they had positive ones from September through March. Monthly variability of the temperature differences is significant in both summer and winter, while it is generally small in spring and fall. Negative values of sensible heat fluxes, which indicated a heat gain by the sea through heat conduction across the air-sea interface were found at the four coastal stations from April to August. Minimum values of sensible heat fluxes at Sokcho, Kangnung and Chungmu were in June, except for Ulsan in August. To the contrary, positive sensible heat flux implying a heat loss from sea toward atmosphere occurred from October to February with a maximum in December. Latent heat fluxes due to condensation of moist air over sea surface had small magnitudes from April to August and those due to evaporation of water particles from the sea surface into the lower atmosphere had relatively large magnitudes from October to March. Minimum values of latent heat fluxes also occurred in June except for August in Ulsan. Momentum flux was small from June to August under weak wind in summer, but it was large from December to February under strong wind in winter. Regression equations between sea surface temperature and air temperature at the 10 m height above the sea surface had very high correlation coefficients from 0.92-0.98, except for 0.78-0.84 of Ulsan, which was partially affected by upwelling of cool water from the bottom into the sea surface. Similar to the sea surface, correlation coefficients were over 0.83-0.97 except for 0.70-0.79 for Ulsan at the 10 m depth of sea and were over 0.70-0.95 except for 0.59-0.82 for Ulsan at the 20 m depth.     

大型藻酶解单细胞用于贝类育苗的研究

用海藻工具酶将紫菜和裙带菜解离成单细胞作为饵料对海湾扇贝亲贝和幼体、魁蚶亲贝和皱纹盘鲍稚鲍进行了研究。结果表明：(1)海湾扇贝亲贝全喂紫菜细胞其效果与喂全微藻的效果相近，亲贝都能成熟，排放精卵和正常胚胎发育。微藻与紫菜细胞混合投喂可加速性腺发育，性腺指数较高。全喂紫菜细胞能够满足幼体的生长发育和变态。但变态率、生长率较全喂微藻和混合投喂的低。(2)紫菜细胞和微藻分别或混合投喂魁蚶亲贝，都能满足亲贝的性腺发育，进行正常受精、孵化和变为D形幼体。(3)用裙带菜细胞投喂稚鲍与人工配合饵料比较，能显著提高稚鲍的存活率。研究表明。由大型藻生产单细胞饵料，在海产动物育苗中具有广阔的应用前景。     

归脾合剂治疗新型冠状病毒感染后心脾两虚型不寐30例

目的：观察归脾合剂治疗新型冠状病毒感染后心脾两虚型不寐的临床疗效。方法：将新型冠状病毒感染后心脾两虚型不寐患者60例随机分为2组,每组各30例。对照组口服阿普唑仑片,治疗组在对照组基础上联合口服归脾合剂,连续治疗15 d。评价2组患者临床疗效、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（PSQI）评分、中医证候积分及不良反应发生情况。结果：总有效率治疗组为96.67%（29/30）,明显高于对照组的80.00%（24/30）,2组比较,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;2组PSQI评分、中医证候积分治疗前后组内比较及治疗后组间比较,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;不良反应发生率治疗组为9.99%（3/30）,对照组为13.32%（4/30）,2组比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05)。结论：归脾合剂治疗新型冠状病毒感染后心脾两虚型不寐的疗效优于单用西药治疗,可提高临床疗效,改善患者睡眠质量,且不增加不良反应。     

海底热流原位测量技术研究

海底热流测量对于海洋地热学基础研究与天然气水合物等新兴海洋矿产资源勘测具有重要意义。海底热流原位测量是现代海底热流探测技术的发展方向。针对我国目前在该项技术的落后局面,通过对现存几种热流原位测量技术的原理与技术特点的对比与分析,指出了我国未来发展海底热流测量技术的方向与重点。     

印尼雅万高铁沿线区域高温热浪风险

利用多源遥感数据,选取危险性、脆弱性、区域综合防范能力因子构建风险评估指标体系。通过H-AHP方法（犹豫层次分析法）确定指标权重,利用图层叠置法评估模型计算得到高温热浪风险等级空间分布。结果表明：雅万高铁沿线区域高温热浪风险具有明显的空间差异。总体而言,北部地区风险高于南部地区,西部地区风险高于东部地区。高风险区域主要集中在印尼首都雅加达,中高风险区域主要分布在雅加达边缘郊区、勿加泗市和万隆市,中部地区风险相对较低,形成典型的两边高、中间低的“V”型分布。该区域高温热浪风险整体处于中等水平,中等级风险面积占比将近50%,除雅加达市、勿加泗市、万隆市和芝马墟市外,其余各县均有一半甚至超过一半的区域处于中等级风险水平。低风险水平区域面积占比最少,仅为8.10%,主要分布在靠近爪哇海的卡拉旺县北部地区,以及森林覆盖度较高的万隆县西南部和万隆西县西南部地区。文章提出了一种基于遥感进行高温热浪风险评估的方法,可为“一带一路”沿线国家高温热浪风险评估提供新思路。     

气候变暖成因研究的历史、现状和不确定性

简要回顾了关于气候变暖成因研究的历史和现状,重点评述了当前气候学界对全球和中国气候变暖原因的认识及其仍存在的不确定性。气候学者对气候变暖与大气中温室气体浓度关系的认识,目前比过去任何时候似乎都更加清晰,但他们眼前仍然弥漫着重重迷雾。引起观测到的气候变暖的因子十分复杂,相关问题的研究仍存在大量不确定性。未来气候变化科学的进步依赖于对这些尚存不确定性的认识水平和削减程度。     

潜热和惯性不稳定与气旋爆发性发展关系的数值研究

利用PSU／NCARMM5模式对1981年12月19日20时-21日20时一次太平洋西部气旋强烈爆发过程进行干过程和控制过程对比数值模拟试验，得出：潜热释放使对流层顶和等温面抬高，气流在高层上升冷却形成扰动槽，其适应过程使高层出现惯性不稳定。惯性不稳定总是伴随强惯性稳定区存在，两者产生的加速度场可形成高层辐合、辐散引起气旋加强以及降水加大，降水加强又使潜热进一步加大和扰动槽加强，从而导致惯性不稳定加剧。这种正反馈的过程有利于气旋的加深。