临沂市温泉（井）成热机制分析及找热方向研究

临沂市地处鲁西隆起南部,地热资源丰富。该文介绍了临沂市的地层、岩浆岩、构造、地热背景、主要控热断裂及20余眼温泉(井)的情况和分布。通过分析汤头温泉、白塔地热井、汤坊崖地热井、铜井地热井、松山地热井、新村地热井、西高都地热井等主要温泉(井)的控热断裂、成热机制,认为该区地热主要分布在沂沭断裂带与NW向深大断裂交会处,地下水补给多沿NW—SE断裂,热源以深大断裂沟通深部热源,水温、水量较好地热井均处在沂沭断裂带沂水-汤头断裂以西的、控热断裂为张性断裂或的张扭性断裂凹陷区内。结合临沂市区域地质构造特点,认为蒙山断裂与鄌郚-葛沟断裂深部交会处,尼山断裂、峄城断裂与鄌郚-葛沟断裂交会处为地热勘探靶区。     

亚非副热带西风急流入口区位置及动能异常对中国华北盛夏年代际干旱的影响

研究使用了欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的全球再分析数据,通过局地多尺度能量涡度分析法(MS-EVA)研究7-8月亚非急流入口区域的位置及能量变化对华北地区干旱的影响.结果发现:7月亚非急流入口区域在1997年之后有明显的北抬趋势,使得北大西洋及欧洲辐射的能量更易进入急流;8月亚非急流入口区域在1997年后有东...     

弱地形上内潮生成问题——Ⅱ.粗糙地形情况下水深对内潮能通量的影响

前人在讨论水深对内潮能通量影响的时候得出结论:有限深海洋中海面对内潮的反射使得正压潮向内潮的能量转化相比较无限深海的情况显著降低,对于选定的地形,在无限深海假定下得到的能通量是该地形上内潮能通量的上限。鉴于前人所研究的基本上都是平滑的地形,而实际的海洋地形总是比较粗糙的,本文探讨了粗糙地形上内潮能通量随水深的变化。选取了弦函数地形、随机白噪声地形、弦函数地形叠加在高斯地形之上、随机白噪声地形叠加在高斯地形之上和随机白噪声地形与弦函数地形同时叠加在高斯地形之上5种情况进行了研究,发现对于这5种情况,都存在海洋有限深时的能通量大于无限深假定时的能通量,这说明前人得出的"有限深海洋中海面对内潮的反射使得正压潮向内潮的能量转化相比较无限深海的情况显著降低"的结论对于粗糙地形并不适用。     

青藏高原东部暴雨的中尺度有效位能收支分析

针对2018年7月10-11日青藏高原东部一次暴雨过程,利用模式模拟资料分析了有效位能分布特征,成因及其对降水发展演变的影响.结果表明,有效位能主要分布在对流层低层4km以下和高层8-14km,高层有效位能和降水有更好的对应性西北冷平流和降水粒子下落的蒸发作用是低层有效位能高值中心的主要成因,而降水过程释放潜热带来的热...     

利用气象要素计算五道梁地区土壤热流量的试验

根据五道梁地区1994—1997年的热流板测量土壤热流值,初步分析了该地区土壤热流随时间的变化特征。利用1994—1996年的月平均资料分别分析了总辐射、地表温度、地表温度和80 cm深度温度差和2 cm、10 cm深度的土壤热流的相关性,并建立了相应的回归方程;利用得到的回归方程对1997年的土壤热流作计算检验,就月平均资料来说,用总辐射和地温差来计算浅层土壤热流结果是比较可靠的。     

河西走廊风速变化及风能资源研究

利用河西走廊地区25年风速气候资料和风塔周年资料,研究了该区域近地面风速及风能的演变和分布。结果表明:河西走廊绿洲内风速下降十分明显,而其它高山站风速比较稳定,没有明显的减少趋势;风速变化具有周期振荡特点;垂直风速差由近地面向上减小,高层风速极大(小)值滞后于低层;风速随高度按自然对数规律增大,风能距地面8 m层内随高度变化迅速;该地区4~12 m/s风居多,是风能的主要贡献者;2~4月风速最大,1,5月最小;该地区风能丰富,10~70 m层内年风能储量在2200 khW/m2以上。     

On the total kinetic energy of our galaxy

The total kinetic energy of the Galaxy is estimated from the potential energy by applying the virial theorem. The limits of the potential energy depend strongly on the value of the local escape velocity. They are estimated to be between −7. 10¹⁶ M_Ȯ km²s⁻² and −1. 10¹⁶ M_Ȯ km²s⁻² (escape velocity approximately between 450 km s⁻¹ and 600 km s⁻¹). The specific kinetic energy of the Galaxy as a whole is most likely about 21 000 km²s⁻², being equally distributed among the subsystems if the local escape velocity is near its lower limit; the higher the local escape velocity is, the higher is the specific kinetic energy of the Galaxy due to the influence of the dark corona. The specific kinetic energy of the dark corona tends to become equal to that of the Galaxy as a whole for very high values of the local escape velocity. For the purpose of estimating the totl potential energy of the Galaxy, inter alia, a new model of the Milky Way is developed, which yields both the potential and the density analytically so that it is suitale for calculating the galactocentric orbits.     

Major contribution to carbon neutrality by China’s geosciences and geological technologies

In the context of global climate change, geosciences provide an important geological solution to achieve the goal of carbon neutrality, China’s geosciences and geological technologies can play an important role in solving the problem of carbon neutrality. This paper discusses the main problems, opportunities, and challenges that can be solved by the participation of geosciences in carbon neutrality, as well as China’s response to them. The main scientific problems involved and the geological work carried out mainly fall into three categories: (1) Carbon emission reduction technology (natural gas hydrate, geothermal, hot dry rock, nuclear energy, hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, hydrogen energy); (2) carbon sequestration technology (carbon capture and storage, underground space utilization); (3) key minerals needed to support carbon neutralization (raw materials for energy transformation, carbon reduction technology). Therefore, geosciences and geological technologies are needed: First, actively participate in the development of green energy such as natural gas, geothermal energy, hydropower, hot dry rock, and key energy minerals, and develop exploration and exploitation technologies such as geothermal energy and natural gas; the second is to do a good job in geological support for new energy site selection, carry out an in-depth study on geotechnical feasibility and mitigation measures, and form the basis of relevant economic decisions to reduce costs and prevent geological disasters; the third is to develop and coordinate relevant departments of geosciences, organize and carry out strategic research on natural resources, carry out theoretical system research on global climate change and other issues under the guidance of earth system science theory, and coordinate frontier scientific information and advanced technological tools of various disciplines. The goal of carbon neutrality provides new opportunities and challenges for geosciences research. In the future, it is necessary to provide theoretical and technical support from various aspects, enhance the ability of climate adaptation, and support the realization of the goal of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality.     

超临界态甲烷密度研究

超临界甲烷密度不仅是非常规天然气资源量计算与吸附能力测定的重要参数,同时也是衡量超临界甲烷扩散效率与溶解有机物能力的主要指标。通过对比分析各种气体状态方程的适用性,认为基于亥姆霍兹能量基本状态方程可以准确计算0~30 MPa、270~360 K条件下甲烷的密度。利用Microsoft Office Excel编写了甲烷密度的计算程序,与NIST （美国国家标准与技术研究院）商业软件计算结果相比,误差小于0.05%。分析了0~100 MPa、270~360 K范围内甲烷密度的变化规律。结果表明,甲烷密度随压力增大而增大,在低于30 MPa时增速较大且对温度的敏感性较强,高于30 MPa时增速逐渐变缓,且敏感性减弱。在煤层原位条件下随着埋深的增大,甲烷密度随温度升高而减小,随压力增大而增大;在温度与压力共同作用下,甲烷密度呈先增速不变、近似线性增加,后增速逐渐减小、凸曲线形增加的变化规律。游离态甲烷密度受温度的影响比吸附态甲烷小,是深部煤层气资源增量的主要贡献者。研究结果为深部煤层气赋存及其潜力预测提供了基础参数。      

季风低压诱发2018年8月广东特大暴雨过程分析

利用NCEP/FNL再分析资料和中尺度数值模拟方法探讨2018年8月27日—9月1日季风低压环境下广东特大暴雨过程的形成成因。利用扰动天气图方法分析发现,季风低压和西南急流为此次广东暴雨过程提供了有利的水汽条件和能量条件。熵变零线位置与降水落区位置有较好的对应,零线处能量有最大累积,有利于暴雨的发生发展,对预报暴雨降水落区有一定的指示意义。为进一步验证季风低压的影响机制,构建不同季风低压尺度的敏感性试验,即通过滤去季风低压环流中的扰动分量来改变季风低压的强度。结果表明：暴雨强度与季风低压尺度和强度存在密切的关系。当季风低压强度较强时,暴雨过程总雨量强;当季风低压强度较弱时,降水大为减少甚至无降水。诊断分析指出,能量螺旋度指数能够较好反映出不同情形下降水发生发展,在季风低压背景下,暴雨区能量螺旋度指数较大,降水强度较强。反之,随着季风低压强度减弱,能量螺旋度指数减小,降水减弱。