A coupled hydro-mechanical analysis for prediction of hydraulic fracture propagation in saturated porous media using EFG mesh-less method

The details of the Element Free Galerkin (EFG) method are presented with the method being applied to a study on hydraulic fracturing initiation and propagation process in a saturated porous medium using coupled hydro-mechanical numerical modelling. In this EFG method, interpolation (approximation) is based on nodes without using elements and hence an arbitrary discrete fracture path can be modelled.The numerical approach is based upon solving two governing partial differential equations of equilibrium and continuity of pore water simultaneously. Displacement increment and pore water pressure increment are discretized using the same EFG shape functions. An incremental constrained Galerkin weak form is used to create the discrete system of equations and a fully implicit scheme is used for discretization in the time domain. Implementation of essential boundary conditions is based on the penalty method. In order to model discrete fractures, the so-called diffraction method is used.Examples are presented and the results are compared to some closed-form solutions and FEM approximations in order to demonstrate the validity of the developed model and its capabilities. The model is able to take the anisotropy and inhomogeneity of the material into account. The applicability of the model is examined by simulating hydraulic fracture initiation and propagation process from a borehole by injection of fluid. The maximum tensile strength criterion and Mohr–Coulomb shear criterion are used for modelling tensile and shear fracture, respectively. The model successfully simulates the leak-off of fluid from the fracture into the surrounding material. The results indicate the importance of pore fluid pressure in the initiation and propagation pattern of fracture in saturated soils.     

Damage characterization during laboratory strength testing: A 3D-finite-discrete element approach

A combined finite-discrete element approach is used to simulate the complete 3D fracture process during conventional laboratory testing, including Brazilian indirect tension and uniaxial and biaxial compression. A typical granite rock type (based on the Lac du Bonnet granite) was simulated to investigate the fracture pattern and mechanical strength of brittle rock in the laboratory. Damage intensity parameters (D₂₁ and D₃₂) are introduced and utilized to characterize the induced damage in the models. These parameters provide an improved representation of the cumulative associated damage and facilitate a quantitative characterization of crack intensity during testing. The numerical simulations included both 3D and 2D models, and show that there is a good agreement between the strength response derived from simulations both in 3D and 2D and the considered rock material. A good correlation also exists between the fracture pattern in 3D and the equivalent 2D models. The influence of confinement on the biaxial strength and the associated damage in compression is investigated. While axial splitting is the dominant failure mode at low confinement, finite-discrete element simulations show that a shear failure mode tends to dominate as the confinement increases. The dependency of dilation upon the confining pressure is also demonstrated, the dilation angle decreasing with increased confinement.     

广西福海山地区物探测量结果及其解释

简要介绍了高精度磁测、210 Po法和EH-4电导率成像系统的工作原理。通过对已知矿床剖面试验成果分析解释,发现在铀矿体上方地表存在负磁异常和210 Po异常。把福海山地区高精度磁测和210Po法面积测量结果与已知矿床剖面试验成果进行对比分析,圈出了铀矿化区和断裂构造F1、隐伏断裂F0的分布特征,并采用EH-4电磁测深进行验证。说明利用高精度磁测和210 Po法可以有效地推测出测区构造、断裂带的分布范围,为矿区矿化地段深部找矿工作提供有利的勘查区域范围,为下一步的普查工作提供了可靠的地球物理依据。     

破碎带取心钻进技术

云南省兰坪县中排乡李子坪铅锌矿详勘施工中,由于地层破碎带较发育,采用绳索取心钻进岩心采取率仍很低,无法满足设计要求。通过设计导流底喷钻头及相应的冲洗液,调整钻进参数等技术措施,取得了较好的效果,确保了工程质量。     

新场须四段叠后裂缝综合预测

叠前裂缝预测方法主要针对垂缝和高角度缝,而川西新场须四下亚段致密砂岩储层裂缝以低角度缝为主,叠前方法在本工区不再适用;而单一叠后属性的裂缝预测方法可靠性差,因此,笔者提出了一套叠后裂缝综合预测新方法:首先基于多属性聚类分析进行裂缝地震相分级,并利用实测资料进行监控,从而实现多属性、多尺度裂缝综合定性预测;然后对滤掉基质相的曲率数据计算蚂蚁体,减小基质相对蚂蚁追踪的影响,从而得到能识别小尺度裂缝且裂缝形态更加清晰的高精度蚂蚁体;最后,基于高精度蚂蚁体建立三维裂缝模型,对裂缝发育特征进行半定量预测。实际应用结果表明:基于叠后资料的新一套裂缝综合预测思路在新场地区应用效果好,有效解决了低角度缝难预测的问题。     

吉林省荒沟山—南岔地区遥感地质特征及金矿远景预测

文章介绍了吉林省荒沟山—南岔地区的区域地质概况,利用该区ETM数据所成图像进行解译,解译出5条中型断裂,共圈出近百个环形构造。选择与已知矿床类似的地质构造环境,圈出三个金矿找矿远景区。     

古潜山裂缝储层预测新方法

平南潜山油气藏属于"新生古储"型组合,主要为奥陶系、寒武系碳酸盐岩。裂缝是储层内油气的主要储集空间,寻找岩层内的裂缝是潜山油气藏勘探的关键。根据裂缝在几何属性上的表现,提出了用多种几何属性预测与描述储层中的裂缝体系,定量刻画裂缝的分布,取得了较好的效果,与实际钻井资料相吻合。     

甘谷驿油田采油厂延长组长6油层组储层裂缝研究

通过露头、岩芯裂缝描述及应用古地磁裂缝检测方法,长6储层裂缝主要以EW为主,次为SN向;在最大主应力方向为NE80°的应力场背景下,外力诱使东西向裂缝优先开启和连通,油井受效明显,含水上升快且易产生水淹,近南北向裂缝处于挤压闭合状况,裂缝孤立、连通性差,油井见效缓慢。     

基于流体包裹体的储层微裂缝研究——以陕北斜坡上古生界为例

储层裂缝研究是低渗致密岩性油气藏研究的关键。低孔低渗储层中裂缝的发育不仅成为油气运移通道,更是储存空间,为研究研究区储层裂缝在天然气成藏过程中的作用及意义,文章从鄂尔多斯盆地构造背景出发,通过显微构造研究、成岩作用研究及储层微裂缝中的流体包裹体测温研究,认为研究区上古生界储层微裂缝发育时间晚于压溶作用发生时间,而早于储层最大埋深时间即排烃高峰期。储层微裂缝的发育为上古生界气藏的成藏提供了必要的运移通道。     

泥岩层状破碎带特大涌水处理方法探索与实践

泥岩地质条件一般较差,在这种基础上修建大型水利工程,基础处理难度较大。哈达山水利枢纽工程坝基为近水平发育的泥岩,坝基深处发育层状破碎带,严重影响坝基的稳定安全。通过分析这种地层中的涌水的渗透通道,采取了一系列注浆处理措施。这种处理方法既节约成本,又保证施工质量。结合本工程发电厂房集水井特大突水及整个P7破碎带处理方法,总结针对泥岩地层中特大涌水处理的思路和方法。