基于WEBGIS与三库一体模式的土壤盐渍化监测预警系统平台研发

随着计算机应用操作技术不断进步,软件技术的不断完善以及可视化技术的蓬勃发展,使WEBGIS系统的可操作性能越来越好。本文以新疆渭库绿洲盐渍地为背景,提出了基于GIS、网络技术与安全监测相结合的WEBGIS与"三库一体模式"技术的平台。首先根据大量野外实测数据、文献资料、人文经济数据、基础地理地质等数据建立SQL Server数据库,之后以集成适用于盐渍地特点的21种监测模型的模型库为主导,调用盐渍化分析方法,提取数据进行相关计算,对模型求解并辅助专家进行决策。本系统采用B/S模式,HTML(超文本标记语言)设计并建立盐渍化监测预警模型,分析评价盐渍化程度、影响及其发展趋势,从而开发出盐渍化监测与预警智能分析相结合的系统工程应用网络。系统实现了数据库的储存、分析和管理;盐渍化监测模型分析;信息结果发布等功能。提高了地理空间信息的表现力,促进了干旱区信息化应用水平和信息共享平台扩展,为区域可持续发展提供了强有力的技术支撑。     

Improving technology transfer through national systems of innovation: climate relevant innovation-system builders (CRIBs)

The Technology Executive Committee (TEC) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) recently convened a workshop seeking to understand how strengthening national systems of innovation (NSIs) might help to foster the transfer of climate technologies to developing countries. This article reviews insights from the literatures on Innovation Studies and Socio-Technical Transitions to demonstrate why this focus on fostering innovation systems has potential to be more transformative as an international policy mechanism for climate technology transfer than anything the UNFCCC has considered to date. Based on insights from empirical research, the article also articulates how the existing architecture of the UNFCCC Technology Mechanism could be usefully extended by supporting the establishment of CRIBs (climate relevant innovation-system builders) in developing countries – key institutions focused on nurturing the climate-relevant innovation systems and building technological capabilities that form the bedrock of transformative, climate-compatible technological change and development.

Policy relevance

This article makes a direct contribution to current work by the TEC of the UNFCCC on enhancing enabling environments for and addressing barriers to technology development and transfer (specifically, it will contribute to Activity 4.3 of the TEC's 2014–15 rolling workplan ‘Further work on enablers and barriers, taking into account the outcomes of the workshop on NSIs’). The article articulates both the conceptual basis that justifies a focus on NSIs in relation to climate technology transfer and makes concrete recommendations as to how this can be implemented under the Convention as a Party-driven extension to the existing architecture of the Technology Mechanism.     

Review essay: Imagining the techno-capitalist future(s) of higher education

Higher Education is frequently said to be in a time of disruption, and narratives of how that disruption will play out have become a cottage industry. This essay critically reviews four such narratives – two journalistic works, one corporatist, techno-capitalist vision of the unbundling of Higher Education in America, and one critical, scholarly defense of the university as a center of critical thinking. The essay reflects on what the latter text can tell us about how this coming disruption can be collectively managed by education professionals.     

蚀变矿物近红外光谱特征对地质找矿的指示意义——以甘肃岗岔金矿为例

甘肃岗岔金矿位于秦岭造山带之碌曲-成县逆冲推覆构造带的西段北侧,是典型的构造蚀变岩型金矿床,目前储量可达中型。在矿区地质填图的基础上,采用BJKF-1型近红外矿物分析仪对矿区7号勘探线ZK07-4钻孔、8号勘探线ZK08-6钻孔及27号勘探线的ZK27-1、ZK27-3、ZK27-4钻孔岩心进行蚀变特征研究,识别出的主要蚀变矿物为伊利石、云母类、地开石、高岭石等。蚀变矿物分布及含量变化特点表明,与矿化有关的蚀变主要是绢英岩化,其中已探明矿体多位于采用近红外分析技术圈出的绢英岩化带内。此外,伊利石反射光谱特征参数计算结果表明,伊利石结晶度和Al-OH特征吸收峰形态呈现有规律的变化,即含矿段和近矿段伊利石结晶度大(SWIR-IC值5.5~5.7),Al-OH吸收峰尖锐;远矿段和无矿段伊利石结晶度小(SWIR-IC值1.3~1.5),Al-OH吸收峰平缓,显示含矿段伊利石形成温度较高。上述结果表明,矿区内绢英岩化蚀变及伊利石结晶度、Al-OH峰形是有利找矿标志,对找矿具有实际指导意义。     

Research Progress on Electrical Properties and Conductivity Measurement Technology of Ice Core

Ice core is an important object of the global climate change research, and can extract paleoclimate information by physical and chemical methods. As one of the major physical analysis technology, conductivity measurement technology mainly contains two methods and has been applied to many drilling project. The technology reflects the ice core electrical properties influenced by factors such as temperature, pressure, impurities and changes, and the cause of these changes can be explained from the aspects of macroscopic and microscopic. What obtained from measurement can be used to the research of dating, volcanic events, accumulation rate, biomass burning, ion concentration recovery, which systematically help us to understand the quaternary evolution of Antarctic climate since late pleistocene. This paper summarized in detail the main research achievements on electrical properties and dielectric measurement technology of ice core, and also discussed the prospect of the technology in China deep ice core project further.     

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)新品种“东海1号”体长相关的DArT标记筛选

大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)是我国重要的海产经济鱼类。因多年未加选育的累代养殖,养殖大黄鱼生长缓慢,性早熟、免疫力低下,亟需对养殖大黄鱼进行遗传改良。多样性芯片技术(Diversity arrays technology,DAr T)具有高通量和低成本的显著特点,不需要明确物种的基因组DNA序列信息,因而广泛应用于动植物遗传图谱制作和遗传多样性分析。本研究旨在采用DAr T技术鉴定与"东海1号"大黄鱼体长相关分子标记。首先随机测得"东海1号"大黄鱼199个个体体长,均值为13.45cm,符合正态分布(P0.05),"极端大群体"和"极端小群体"之间差异显著(P0.01)。然后采用7组限制性内切酶组合(Pst I/Alu I、Pst I/Ban II、Pst I/Bsp1286I、Pst I/Bst NI、Pst I/Hae III、Pst I/Rsa I、Pst I/Taq I)分别进行酶切,获得基因组代表性DNA片段并用于文库构建。根据多态性克隆数和多态性率确定Pst I/Rsa I酶切组合为最优降低基因组复杂度方法。之后从Pst I/Rsa I基因组代表性DNA片段文库中扩增获得3360个片段,以此为多样性芯片探针进行芯片点制,杂交筛选获得18个大黄鱼体长相关DAr T候选标记。经过新群体样本再次验证,仍有8个DAr T标记与体长相关。本研究有助于选育生长性状优良的大黄鱼群体。     

基于图像处理技术的养殖池集污特性研究

本文针对养殖池的集污试验,研究了用于量化分析污物聚集面积的图像处理技术,并将其用于方形圆切角养殖池在边侧管式射流方式下的集污特性研究。图像处理技术包括图像预处理、图像增强、图像分割、轮廓提取四个步骤,成功获得了污物的量化分布面积。在养殖池集污特性研究方面,本文研究了射流流速为24cm/s条件下,不同射流角(射流方向与池壁夹角)对污物聚集效果的影响。结果表明,方形圆切角养殖池存在一个最优的射流角度,本文研究条件下,最优角度约为40°。本文研究结果,可为养殖池水力驱动优化布置提供参考。     

东胜气田钻井液废弃物处理与钻井液技术

东胜气田某水平井钻探过程中应用钻井液不落地技术,通过电化学处理、沉淀、加药调整各项性能之后再次参与循环,岩屑无害化处理以降低废弃物污染。但钻井液中直径＜5 μm的固体颗粒没有完全清除,颗粒累积后会污染钻井液。污染后的钻井液导致各类井下复杂频发。这样会增加钻井成本,甚至使施工井报废。试验应用的氯化钾聚合物钻井液体系解决井壁失稳和井漏问题。对合理应用不落地技术和氯化钾聚合物钻井液体系提供了参考依据。     

螺线管磁定位技术初探

随着钻探工艺的不断发展,对井身轨迹的要求不断增加。一般依靠地磁定位的仪器已无法满足精度要求,于是研发出了多种近场磁导向系统,如MGT、RMRS和慧磁中靶仪等。以发射源种类为依据,可分为主动测量技术和被动测量技术。螺线管磁定位系统属于主动测量技术,它具有数据传输量小、耐温高等优点。目前国外已经商用化,而国内研究不多。本文简单介绍了螺线管测量的理论模型,着重阐述了室内实验和误差分析。实验共测量了144个点数据,总距离平均误差为4.9%,平面距离平均误差为5.6%,初步验证了螺线管磁定位系统的可行性。     

加强科技创新能力 服务经济社会发展——河南省深部探矿工程技术研究中心创新工作回顾与展望

“十二五”期间,河南省深部探矿工程技术研究中心根据专业学科特点和环境资源新形势,紧密结合生产实际,围绕“加强科技创新能力,服务经济社会发展”的思路和原则,积极开展系列自主创新活动。将空气潜孔锤、气举反循环、孔底螺杆马达、石油钻井、液动潜孔锤、绳索取心等技术根据地层特点进行组合,实现了多工艺钻探技术。在国家应急抗旱救灾、地热清洁能源勘查、复杂地层钻探和钻探相关标准化建设等方面取得了显著成效。结合环境形势和地质工作新常态、利用大地质理念提出了民生地质（工业地质、农业地质、灾害地质、医学地质、新能源地质等）新概念和“十三五”钻探工作的新思路。