波浪作用下黄河口粉土液化与“铁板砂”形成机制的模拟试验研究

通过室内水槽试验,观测波浪作用下土体产生的振荡现象,分析土体内孔隙水压力的变化及波浪作用后土体强度变化特征,研究了波浪荷载作用下黄河口粉土粒径粗化和“铁板砂”的形成过程。试验及讨论结果表明：在波浪作用下上层粉土体大部分时间处于液化状态;由液化土形成的振荡土层与下部土层之间形成“W”型的滑动面,振荡土层的厚度随着波浪作用时间的增加而变小;细粒物质从振荡土层中的骨架中脱离进入水体中,并在土体表层形成一层以黏粒为主的絮凝状沉积物,其厚度随波浪作用时间的增加而增加,在土体停止振荡前达到最大值;土体液化是“铁板砂”形成的必要条件,而波浪引起的液化土体振荡则使“铁板砂”的形成成为可能。     

Integrated approach for identification of potential groundwater zones in Seethanagaram Mandal of Vizianagaram District,Andhra Pradesh,India

Identifying a good site for groundwater exploration in hard rock terrain is a challenging task. In hard rocks, groundwater occurs in secondary porosity developed due to weathering, fracturing, faulting, etc., which is highly variable within short distance and contributing to near-surface inhomogeneity. In such situations topographic, hydrogeological and geomorphological features provide useful clues for the selection of suitable sites. Initially, based on satellite imagery, topographical, geomorphological and hydrogeological features, an area of about 149 km² was demarcated as a promising zone for groundwater exploration in the hard rock tract of Seethanagaram Mandal, Vizianagaram District, Andhra Pradesh, India. A total of 50 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) were carried out using Wenner electrode configuration. An interactive interpretation of the VES data sharpened the information inferred from geomorphological and hydrogeological reconnaissance. Ten sites were recommended for drilling. Drilling with Down-The-Hole Hammer (DTH) was carried out at the recommended sites down to 50 to 70 m depths. The interpreted VES results matched well with the drilled bore well lithologs. The yields of bore wells vary from 900 to 9000 liters per hour (lph).     

快速筑堤技术——鲎式轻质堤坝的结构和筑堤方法

针对软基堤坝稳定性差,容易沉陷滑移,土石方堆不上,工期长,无法快速施工等问题,提出了鲎式轻质堤坝结构和筑堤方法,又称"松垒筑堤法".它减轻了易沉陷部位的质量,均衡堤坝荷重,增强整体稳定性,提高强度,使堤坝与地基溶为一体,消除了堤坝的不均匀沉降;是一种在软弱地基上应用仿生结构的筑堤方法.     

莺歌海中部区域硬质海底特征及其工程影响

通过对莺歌海中部区域调查资料的研究发现,该研究区存在起伏不平的硬质海底。多波束测深和旁侧声呐资料显示,其反射强度明显或略微强于周围底质,区域分布呈现不均匀性。硬质海底集中分布于地形等深线舌状体附近。地层剖面资料表明,硬质海底区域与浅部地层结构密切相关,即与A层很薄或者缺失而直接裸露B层有着密切关联。地质取样结果显示,A层土质为非常软的褐灰色黏土,下伏B层为硬到坚硬的棕黄色粉质黏土(代表氧化沉积环境)。进一步研究表明,硬质海底区主要分布于埋藏古河道/古湖沼区域外、距离较近的边缘地带,二者呈现一定的相关性,证明了硬质海底区域为海退时期地层裸露而形成。通过对硬质海底特征的认识,分析、探讨其成因和工程影响,对海底管道路由设计、施工、维护运营,自升式钻井船插桩就位以及抛锚稳定性等具有一定的指导意义。     

强烈岩溶控制型崩塌形成机理研究

2006年1月27日,贵州省威宁县猴场镇腰岩脚发生崩塌。腰岩脚高陡坡为软弱基座型,上覆硬岩为碳酸盐岩,下伏软岩中有近水平可采煤层。基于灾害特征及过程分析,建立了崩塌发生机制概念模型,即高陡斜坡中因强烈岩溶作用发育有深切溶蚀裂缝和水平溶洞,形成高陡岩墙,坡体深部煤层向坡面过度回采,导致岩墙下部应力集中过大而发展为破坏。基于MIDAS/GTS分析软件量化分析了崩塌发生机理及过程,并进一步分析了不同采空率下回采工作面距离陡崖面的临界安全距离,可为类似条件下煤矿开采提供参考依据。     

硬分类对低空间分辨率图像分类效果的影响

针对图像分类效果与图像的空间分辨率之间的关系尚未得到定量分析的问题,该文以中巴卫星CCD图像对冬小麦的分类结果为参考数据,对空间分辨率与制图精度之间的关系进行理论分析。通过在不同空间分辨率状态下分别计算随着硬分类阈值的取值变化而得到的由漏分误差和错分误差所形成的"帕累托边界",来分析硬分类器所能达到的分类精度的极限。结果表明,在空间分辨率相对较低的前提下,图像整体分类效果取决于被分类像元的纯度在图像中的数量分布状况。研究结论可为制作遥感专题图时如何选取合适的空间分辨率图像提供参考。     

Assessment of groundwater potential zones in coal mining impacted hard-rock terrain of India by integrating geospatial and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach

The study aims at delineating groundwater potential zones using geospatial technology and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) techniques in mining impacted hard rock terrain of Ramgarh and part of Hazaribagh districts, Jharkhand, India. Relevant thematic layers were prepared and assigned weight based on Saaty’s 9-point scale and normalized by eigenvector technique of AHP to identify groundwater prospect in the study area. The weighted linear combination method was applied to prepare the groundwater potential index in geographic information system. Final groundwater prospects were classified as excellent, very good, good, moderate, poor and very poor groundwater potential zones. Study thus revealed that the excellent, very good and good groundwater potential zones, respectively, cover 148.3, 373.66 and 438.86 km² of the study area, whereas the poor groundwater potential zone covers 180.05 km². Validation was done through a receiver operating characteristic curve, which indicated that AHP had good prediction accuracy (AUC = 75.45%).     

结构面剪切强度参数三维分形估算

现有结构面剪切强度参数经验估算公式多建立在结构面形态二维描述基础上,对结构面形态的三维特征考虑不够。作者自行研制了结构面形态三维量测设备,对结构面表面形态进行三维量测,将量测结果与分形理论相结合,采用分形维数表征结构面三维形态特征。在对大量硬性结构面剪切试验结果及表面形态描述结果进行统计分析的基础上,提出将JRC-JCS估算公式中的JRC用分形维数的表达式替换,进而建立了基于结构面表面形态三维分形表述的剪切强度估算公式:τ=σntg[(6.12D-13.53)lg ((JCS)/σ_n)+φb]。实际应用结果表明,改进后的估算方法能得到令人满意的结构面剪切强度参数。     

基于PPM硬判决的ARQ-FSO系统误码性能分析

基于PPM（Pulse Position Modulation）硬判决检错的ARQ-FSO（Automatic Repeat Request-Free Space Optical）通信系统结合了PPM硬判决和新的ARQ协议.该系统以PPM硬判决的结果代替了传统ARQ的监督码元作为数据的检错依据,同时只重传数据包里面译码失败部分的PPM符号,消除了传统ARQ中用来检错的信息冗余,提高了系统的效率.理论分析表明该方案能够有效地改善硬判决误码率,其通过率也优于传统ARQ,适用于较低误码率、低复杂度的自由空间光通信场景.     

倒楔运动与地震带的关联性研究

研究认为,地震是楔块运动引起的,楔块运动的主要动力来自于楔块内部的隐爆一均衡作用。“两堑夹一垒”是楔块运动系统的基本形式。研究发现,大洋中脊地震带、环太平洋地震带和大陆裂谷地震带（以郯庐断裂地震带为例）均位于“两堑夹一垒”楔块系统中,其中一垒的活动,即倒楔的运动与地震带紧密相关。