Morphodynamic responses to the deep water harbor development in the Caofeidian sea area,China's Bohai Bay

Vast bay-type tidal inlets can be found along the coastal zones of China. They are generally suitable for deep water channels and large harbors because of the presence of large water depth and good mooring conditions. The deep channel, in front of the head of Caofeidian Island in Bohai Bay, China, is a typical bay-type tidal inlet system. The tidal current, a type of reverse flow, makes the key contribution to maintain the deep water depth. The co-action of waves and tidal currents is the main dynamic force for sediment motion. Waves have significant influence on the sediment concentration. Based on the characteristics of waves, tidal currents, sediment and seabed evolution in Caofeidian sea area, a 2D mathematical model for sediment transport under influence of waves and tidal currents is developed to study the development schemes of the Caofeidian Harbor. The model has been verified for spring and neap tides, in winter as well as in summer of 2006. The calculated tidal stages, flow velocities, flow directions and sediment concentrations at 15 stations are in good agreement with the observations. Furthermore, the calculated data on pattern and magnitude of sedimentation and erosion in the related area agree well with the observations. This model has been used to study the effects of the reclamation scheme for Caofeidian Harbor on the hydrodynamic environment, sediment transport and morphological changes. Attentions are paid to the project inducing changes of flow velocities and morphology in the deep channel at the south side of Caofeidian foreland, in the Laolonggou channel and in various harbor basins. The conclusions can provide the important foundation for the protection and use of bay-type tidal inlets and the development of harbor industry.     

Computation of Long-Term Statistical Properties of Wave Agitation in Harbors

In this paper,the long-term statistical properties of wave height in an idealized square harborwith a partial opening are studied.The incident waves are propagated into the harbor numerically by the fi-nite/infinite element method using three different wave models:(1)monochromatic wave train,(2)long-crested random wave train,and(3)short-crested random wave train.This study shows that for a giv-en incident wave,the wave height in the harbor is affected by the wave model used.For long-term estima-tion of wave height exceedance probability,it is recommended that the waves be propagated into the har-bor using the random wave model,and that wave heights be computed by use of the Rayleigh probabilitydistribution.     

曹妃甸深水大港与临港工业对环渤海经济圈崛起影响研究

曹妃甸建港条件优越,曹妃甸工业区已列入国家“十一五”规划,天津滨海新区和唐山曹妃甸工业区的开发建设,势必带来京津冀乃至整个环渤海区域发展格局的重大变化。“面向大海有深槽,背靠大陆有浅滩”,曹妃甸的开发对环渤海经济圈的经济发展、产业调整和工业布局、航运中心的确立都具有重要的作用。可以说,曹妃甸是环渤海经济圈起飞的新引擎。     

黄骅港地区潮滩过程与港口选址

对黄骅地区潮滩过程的基本特征进行了讨论,结果表明,该区潮滩发育主要受黄河泥沙的控制,黄河从本区或其附近入海期间是潮滩迅速淤涨期,当黄河远离本区时,潮滩便开始退缩进入调整期。目前本区潮滩过程的主要物质是潮滩本身的沉积物。漳卫新河的来沙是本区的主要物源。本潮滩的潮下带宽达9km以上,破波带外界在约4．0m水深处,港址选在泥沙活跃的破波带内是值得商榷的。建议港口建设应尽量避开破波带．     

日照港深水航道泥沙运移及航道选址研究

使用SP2100波潮仪和ADCP海流计等多种先进仪器在台风季节进行了波浪、海流和潮汐观测,在取得大量现场观测子料基础上,结合长期的岸站资料对该海域的水文特征及水动力特征进行了系统综合分析。通过2002年对日照港深水航道海域含沙量和水深测量等成果,进行断面输沙、航道冲淤量及航道海域泥沙数值模拟等方面的计算,并采用POM模式。选择了几种有代表性的风浪情况,分别对港口附近海域进行了“波浪掀沙、潮流输沙和海底演变”的数值模拟。通过上述方法,对1998年12月竣工的-11m水深的航道的淤积状况进行了探讨,并推荐方案1为深水航道的首选方案,方案5居次。     

Theoretical Analysis of Harbor Resonance in Harbor with An Exponential Bottom Profile

The general features of oscillations within a rectangular harbor of exponential bottom are investigated analytically. Based on the linear shallow water approximation, analytical solutions for longitudinal oscillations induced by the incident perpendicular wave are obtained by the method of matched asymptotics. The analytic results show that the resonant frequencies are shifted to larger values as the water depth increases and the oscillation amplitudes are enhanced due to the shoaling effect. Owing to the refraction effect, there could be several transverse oscillation modes existing in when the width of the harbor is on the order of the oscillation wavelength. These transverse oscillations are similar to standing edge waves, and there are m node lines in the longshore direction and n node lines running in the offshore direction corresponding to mode (n, m). Furthermore, the transverse eigen frequency is not only related to the width of the harbor, but also to the boundary condition at the backwall and the bottom shape.     

Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikap?-?stanbul and its impact on cultural history

An extensive rescue excavation has been conducted in the ancient harbor of ?stanbul (Yenikap?) by the Sea of Marmara, revealing a depositional sequence displaying clear evidence of transgression and coastal progradation during the Holocene. The basal layer of this sequence lies at 6 m below the present sea level and contains remains of a Neolithic settlement known to have been present in the area, indicating that the sea level at ~ 8-9 cal ka BP was lower than 6 m below present. Sea level advanced to its maximum at ~ 6.8-7 cal ka BP, drowning Lykos Stream and forming an inlet at its mouth. After ~ 3 cal ka BP, coastal progradation became evident. Subsequent construction of the Byzantine Harbor (Theodosius; 4th century AD) created a restricted small basin and accumulation of fine-grained sediments. The sedimentation rate was increased due to coastal progradation and anthropogenic factors during the deposition of coarse-grained sediments at the upper parts of the sequence (7th-9th centuries AD). The harbor was probably abandoned after the 11th century AD by filling up with Lykos Stream detritus and continued seaward migration of the coastline.     

粤西沿海渔港物流阻力面模型研究

利用最小累积阻力面模型,计算和绘制了粤西沿海地区渔港公路物流阻力面形态图和最小累积阻力面图。结果表明粤西沿海地区在广湛高速、渝湛高速公路和325国道、207国道附近,形成了两条物流快速通道,一条以阳江、阳西、电白、茂名、湛江、雷州、徐闻等地为基点的沿海快速通道;另一条以遂溪、高桥、博白为基点的西南大通道。物流过程阻力从沿海向内陆方向迅速增强。水产品物流方向在湛江市以霞山为区域核心,指向西南和粤东;茂名市的博贺和阳江市的沙扒、闸坡、东平则直接指向粤东。在粤桂交界的廉江和阳春形成两个水产品物流战略点。     

基于航运成本的北极东北航道集装箱运输潜力研究

根据北极东北航道航运环境,对北极航行船舶进行了技术和经济分析,并在分析中欧货物贸易量和集装箱运输量的基础上,对北极东北航道集装箱航运网络的构建进行了研究,设立北极东北航道航运技术和经济分析方案,建立了航运技术经济成本分析模型,并对不同规模船型通过北极东北航道的集装箱运输成本进行了比较分析。在北极航道以卑尔根港为轴幅式枢纽港的集装箱运输成本分析基础上,提出了建设新的欧洲轴幅式枢纽港有利于提高北极航道竞争力的推论。论文的结论表明,在目前北极航道航行环境下,航行时间节约不多,航次成本节约在10%左右,燃油成本节约较大,达35%左右。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Books reviewed in this article: USA, Eine Geographische Landeskunde , Vol. I, Der Grossraum in Strukturellem, Wandel, 3rd Ed. Helmut Blume . Introduction to Remote Sensing . James B. Campbell . The Sounds of People and Places: Readings in the Geography of American Folk and Popular Music . George O. Carney , ED. Development and Underdevelopment . John Cole . Mobility and Employment in Urban Southeast Asia: Example from Indonesia and the Philippines . Michael A. Costello , Thomas R. Leinbach , AND Richard Ulack . Soviet Asia: Economic Development and National Policy Choices . Leslie Dienes . The Third World City . David Drakakis -Smith . Scholars' Guide to Washington, DC for Cartography and Remote Sensing Imagery (maps, charts, aerial photographs, satellite images, cartographic literature and geographic information systems). Ralph E. Ehrenberg . Population and Development in the Third World . Allan AND Anne Findlay . The Early Mapping of Hawaii . Gary L. Fitzpatrick . Energetics of Physical Environment: Energetic Approaches to Physical Geography . K. J. Gregory , ED. Wildland Recreation: Ecology and Management . William E. Hammitt and David N. Cole . Agricultural Commercialization and Government Policy in Africa . J. Hinderink AND J. J. Sterkenburg . The Dynamics of American Housing . James W. Hughes AND George Sternlieb . Thailand: Buddhist Kingdom as Modern Nation State . Charles F. Keyes . Resolving Locational Conflict . Robert W. Lake , ED. Lands at Risk in the Third World: Local-level Perspectives . Peter D. Little and Michael M. Horowitz , EDS. Nathaniel Southgate Shaler and the Culture of American Science . David N. Livingstone . Regions: The Economics and Politics of Territory . Ann R. Markusen . Wetlands . William J. Mitsch and James G. Gosselink . Historical Geography: Progress and Prospect . Michael Pacione , ED. Loess and Periglacial Phenomena . Marton P$eacsi and Hugh M. French , EDS. Regional Management of Metropolitan Floodplains, Experience in the United States and Abroad . Rutherford H. Platt , ED. Human Cartography: Mapping the World of Man . Janos Szegö . Atlas of Great Lakes Indian History . Helen H. Tanner , ED. The Botany of Mangroves . P. B. Tomlinson . Urban Spatial Traffic Patterns . Rodney Vaughan . The Night After … Climatic and Biological Consequences of a Nuclear War . Yevgeni Velikhov , ED. Industrial Geography . H. D. Watts . Dictionary of Quotations in Geography . James O. Wheeler and Francis M. Sibley . Vermont Townscape . Norman Wiliams , Jr. , Edmund K. Kellogg and Peter M. Lavigne .