港湾工程对海湾沉积环境的累积影响效应

港湾工程造成了泥沙的直接入海、改变岸线和海底形态以及海湾的动力形态、从而影响海湾沉积环境．各时期工程对沉积环境的影响呈现累积效应,其结果使海湾的沉积速率增大、沉积物特征变化,沉积物中的活性物质对某些污染物吸附富集,沉积物化学环境也产生变化,一些元素形成量的累积．     

Effect of Development of Caofeidian Harbor Area in Bohai Bay on Hydrodynamic Sediment Environment

Based on the characteristics of waves, tidal currents, sediment and seabed evolution in the Caofeidian sea area in the Bohai Bay, a 2D sediment mathematical model of waves and tidal currents is employed to study the development schemes of the harbor. Verification of spring and neap tidal currents and sediment in the winter and summer of 2006 shows that the calculated values of tidal stages as well as flow velocities, flow directions and sediment concentration of 15 synchronous vertical lines are in good agreement with the measured data. Also, deposition and erosion of the sea area in front of Caofeidian ore terminal induced by suspended load under tidal currents and waves are verified; it shows that the calculated values of depth of deposition and erosion as well as their distribution are close to the measured data. Furthermore, effects of reclamation scheme of island in front of the land behind Caofeidian harbor on the hydrodynamic environment are studied, including changes of flow velocities in the deep channels at the south side of Caofeidian foreland and Laolonggou and in various harbor basins, as well as changes of deposition and erosion of seabed induced by the project.     

基于多源数据和船舶停留轨迹语义建模的港口目标识别

港口目标识别是海事船舶监管的重中之重,船舶自动识别系统（Automatic Identification System,AIS）所获取的船舶活动信息,可为港口目标识别提供高时相和高精度的船舶航行数据。为了探究AIS数据在港口目标识别中的应用,提出一种基于多源数据和船舶停留轨迹语义建模的港口目标识别方法。通过数据挖掘和语义信息增强构建船舶停留轨迹语义模型,识别船舶港口停留轨迹;建立基于随机森林的船舶停留方式分类模型,分类船舶泊位停留轨迹和船舶锚地停留轨迹,并利用空间逐级合并方法提取港口泊位和港口锚地;综合船舶泊位停留轨迹、道路、海岸线、水深、土地利用与土地覆盖等数据,顾及情景-领域知识实现港口目标识别。基于2017年96 790艘船舶的超8300万条AIS轨迹记录,应用本文方法识别南海研究区的港口目标。实验结果表明,本文方法对于船舶轨迹停留行为总体分类精度为0.9477,Kappa系数为0.8948。提取出南海研究区447个港口区域,与Google Earth影像叠加验证结果表明,提取结果均位于真实的港口影像内,相较于Natural Earth数据集中包含的南海区域24个港口点位,提取结...     

连云港港口海域污染物总量控制研究

通过对连云港港口海域水质现状监测评价,发现了该海域的污染状况和主要污染物。在对污染源调查分析基础上,利用建立的港口海域潮流数值模型、浓度模型,计算了港口海域各个排污口CODCr的总量控制目标,并提出港口海域不同时期污染物控制规划,对解决港口海域的环境污染问题有很强的针对性和可操作性。     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

黄骅港地区潮滩过程与港口选址

对黄骅地区潮滩过程的基本特征进行了讨论,结果表明,该区潮滩发育主要受黄河泥沙的控制,黄河从本区或其附近入海期间是潮滩迅速淤涨期,当黄河远离本区时,潮滩便开始退缩进入调整期。目前本区潮滩过程的主要物质是潮滩本身的沉积物。漳卫新河的来沙是本区的主要物源。本潮滩的潮下带宽达9km以上,破波带外界在约4．0m水深处,港址选在泥沙活跃的破波带内是值得商榷的。建议港口建设应尽量避开破波带．     

A recent history of metal accumulation in the sediments of Rijeka harbor, Adriatic Sea, Croatia

We studied metal pollution in the sediments of Rijeka harbor, including anthropogenic influence during recent decades and at the present time. Sediment profiles were collected at ten sampling points. The concentrations of 63 elements in bulk sediment were obtained using ICP-MS, and the concentrations of selected elements were evaluated by statistical factor analyses. We also calculated metal-enrichment factors and geoaccumulation indices and constructed spatial-distribution maps.Mercury (Hg) was the heaviest pollutant, with concentrations exceeding 4 mg/kg. Silver (Ag) was the second most important pollutant, with constantly increasing values. The average concentrations of the most toxic elements were comparable to those found in sediments of other ports throughout the world, and their toxicity ranged from threshold values [chromium (Cr), arsenic (As)] and midrange-effect values [cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni)] to extreme-effect values (Hg). Metal pollution has decreased during recent decades, except for Ag and barium (Ba).     

Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikap?-?stanbul and its impact on cultural history

An extensive rescue excavation has been conducted in the ancient harbor of ?stanbul (Yenikap?) by the Sea of Marmara, revealing a depositional sequence displaying clear evidence of transgression and coastal progradation during the Holocene. The basal layer of this sequence lies at 6 m below the present sea level and contains remains of a Neolithic settlement known to have been present in the area, indicating that the sea level at ~ 8-9 cal ka BP was lower than 6 m below present. Sea level advanced to its maximum at ~ 6.8-7 cal ka BP, drowning Lykos Stream and forming an inlet at its mouth. After ~ 3 cal ka BP, coastal progradation became evident. Subsequent construction of the Byzantine Harbor (Theodosius; 4th century AD) created a restricted small basin and accumulation of fine-grained sediments. The sedimentation rate was increased due to coastal progradation and anthropogenic factors during the deposition of coarse-grained sediments at the upper parts of the sequence (7th-9th centuries AD). The harbor was probably abandoned after the 11th century AD by filling up with Lykos Stream detritus and continued seaward migration of the coastline.     

Theoretical Analysis of Harbor Resonance in Harbor with An Exponential Bottom Profile

The general features of oscillations within a rectangular harbor of exponential bottom are investigated analytically. Based on the linear shallow water approximation, analytical solutions for longitudinal oscillations induced by the incident perpendicular wave are obtained by the method of matched asymptotics. The analytic results show that the resonant frequencies are shifted to larger values as the water depth increases and the oscillation amplitudes are enhanced due to the shoaling effect. Owing to the refraction effect, there could be several transverse oscillation modes existing in when the width of the harbor is on the order of the oscillation wavelength. These transverse oscillations are similar to standing edge waves, and there are m node lines in the longshore direction and n node lines running in the offshore direction corresponding to mode (n, m). Furthermore, the transverse eigen frequency is not only related to the width of the harbor, but also to the boundary condition at the backwall and the bottom shape.     

基于航运成本的北极东北航道集装箱运输潜力研究

根据北极东北航道航运环境,对北极航行船舶进行了技术和经济分析,并在分析中欧货物贸易量和集装箱运输量的基础上,对北极东北航道集装箱航运网络的构建进行了研究,设立北极东北航道航运技术和经济分析方案,建立了航运技术经济成本分析模型,并对不同规模船型通过北极东北航道的集装箱运输成本进行了比较分析。在北极航道以卑尔根港为轴幅式枢纽港的集装箱运输成本分析基础上,提出了建设新的欧洲轴幅式枢纽港有利于提高北极航道竞争力的推论。论文的结论表明,在目前北极航道航行环境下,航行时间节约不多,航次成本节约在10%左右,燃油成本节约较大,达35%左右。