东濮凹陷沙三段高频湖平面变化及低位砂体预测

东濮凹陷沙三段沉积时期，湖平面变化频繁，有长周期，也有短周期，根据录井及岩芯等资料识别出的湖平面变化的6级周期，其变化频率约为1000次／Ma。根据计算，东濮凹陷沙三段沉积时期湖水最大深度为30m。在高位期，盆地沉积中心发育暗色泥岩夹薄层碳酸盐岩；在水位下降期，边缘相砂体不断向盆地中心进积；在低水位期，盆地沉积中心发育盐膏岩沉积，因此在垂向上常发育深水相暗色泥岩与砂岩频繁互层，以及深水相暗色泥岩与盐膏岩频繁互层。这种砂体多为低水位期三角洲成因，是东濮凹陷很重要的含油气储层。     

Salt ramps: Wind-induced depositional features on Tunisian playas

Semicircular and crescent-shaped accumulations of salt crystals developed on salt crusts were measured on three Tunisian playas in September 1990. These features have been termed salt ramps. Their morphology and chemistry suggest that they are formed in the late stages of shallow ephemeral lake desiccation in playa basins. They form by salt precipitation from shallow brine lakes that are blown across salt-encrusted playa surfaces by the wind. Moreover, they appear to be short-lived features and their degradation is related to the flooding of playas with less saline water, and possibly rainfall and deflation.     

中国东南地区中新生代岩盐矿床的沉积成盐特征

本文简介了中国东南地区新生代岩盐矿床的一般概况,着重从七个方面阐述了岩盐矿床形成过程中的沉积成盐特征,对这些沉积成盐特征的了解有助于该地区岩盐矿床的研究。     

川中地区三叠系中、下统地震相与沉积相研究

应用碎屑岩地震相研究的理论和方法,对川中地区三叠系中、下统碳酸盐岩地震相进行了研究。地震相与沉积相的结合,通过地震剖面提供的各种参数解释环境背景和岩相条件,根据地震剖面上所通过的钻井岩相划分,使地震相、沉积相、钻井岩相分析融为一体,并在沉积和岩相研究方法上探索新的途径。     

第四纪察尔汗地区石盐沉积中的氯同位素组成

采用基于Ｃｓ２Ｃｌ＋离子的正热电离质谱高精度测定氯同位素方法（在９５％的置信水平时，测定精度为０．０２％），测定了柴达木盆地察尔汗盐湖ＺＫ─８９０４钻孔原生石盐和次生石盐中氯同位素组成．研究表明五万年以来察尔汗地区氯同位素组成δ３７Ｃｌ的变化范围为－１．１５７～－０．３７９‰（ＳＭＯＣ）．根据氯同位素，组成的变化规律并结合ＺＫ─８９０４钻孔中氢氧同位素组成，推断出在此期间察尔汗盐湖至少经历了三次较大规模的淡化，冰后期和增温干旱期的两次湖水淡化对现代盐湖的形成起到了重要的作用，同时也复证了该地区的古气候演化模式。     

Immiscibility of high salinity fluids in volcanic rocks and the mechanism of magma degassing in the Dongying sag, eastern China

Fluid inclusions that bear halite daughter minerals were discovered in volcanic rocks at Pingnan area in the Dongying sag. The samples of the fluid inclusions collected from the BGX-15 well drill cores are hosted in quartz of diorite-porphyrite. The daughter minerals are identified as NaCl crystals after being observed under a microscope and analyzed by in situ Raman spectroscopy at −185°C. The results of micro-thermal analysis show that the homogenization temperatures of primary fluid inclusions are between 359 and 496°C, and the salinities of fluid inclusions are from 43.26 to 54.51 wt-%. All fluid inclusions in the studied samples can be divided into five types including primary fluid inclusions and secondary fluid inclusions. The fact that five types of fluid inclusions were symbiotic in the same quartz grain implies that immiscibility happened in magma. Due to the decrease in temperature and pressure during the ascent of magma, the fluids became intensively immiscible. This process accelerates the degassing of CO₂ from magma, but the remnant fluids with high salinity are preserved in fluid inclusions. Thus, the primary fluid inclusions are mainly in NaCl-H₂O fluids and poor in CO₂. The results of our study indicate that the degassing of magma and accumulation of CO₂ gas at the Pingnan area are relative to the immiscibility of high salinity fluids. This discovery is important because it can help us have a further understanding of the mechanism of magma degassing and accumulation of the inorganic CO₂ in eastern China. Translated from Acta Geologica Sinica, 2006, 80(11): 1699–1705 [译自: 地质学报]     

柴达木盆地西部中更新世气候转型期的古水温:来自SG-1钻孔石盐流体包裹体的证据

中更新世气候转型事件(MPT)是全球性冷气候事件,在柴达木盆地也有记录,但关于该事件形成时的古温度数据较少。石盐原生流体包裹体形成于浅水环境,其均一温度可直接反映晶体形成时的卤水温度,是恢复古温度常用的指标之一。本文选择柴达木盆地西部钻孔SG-1中1.22~0.88 Ma期间的石盐晶体进行流体包裹体均一温度测试,共获得390个石盐流体包裹体数据。其均一温度最高为50 ℃,最低为6.8 ℃,90%以上温差值在10 ℃以内,且石盐流体包裹体大小与温度没有明显线性相关关系,这说明SG-1钻孔石盐流体包裹体被捕获后没有受到后期热液的改造。均一温度数据反映了石盐沉积时的古水温特征。石盐晶体主要在暖季析出,原生流体包裹体恢复的古水温可能是暖季节的温度。均一温度的最高值可能受到热液和气候的共同作用。MPT时期,石盐流体包裹体均一温度(中位值T_h,med)接近于现代盆地7月份大气温度的平均值,高于盆地的全年温度及MPT时期的全球气温,与MPT时期地中海的海水表面温度相当,均一温度的平均值(T_h,avg)高于以上温度。SG-1钻孔记录的柴达木盆地MPT事件最冷期出现在约1.165~1.0 Ma。     

思茅盆地石盐矿物的原位元素含量特征对成矿模式的启示

思茅盆地江城含盐带勐野井地区在“二层楼”钾盐成矿理论的指导下,逐步在侏罗系钾盐资源调查中取得重要成果,但盆地内其他含盐带研究程度薄弱。本文以整董含盐带的磨黑L2井勐野井组(K₁m)盐岩样品为研究对象,通过显微镜观察、扫描电镜能谱分析、石盐矿物元素含量电子探针微区原位测试方法的建立,精细研究了样品岩相学、石盐矿物学及元素含量特征。同时,测试了江城含盐带勐野井地区MK-1井花开左组(J₂h)石盐样品。对比研究两个井样品中石盐矿物微量元素K和Br含量及10³Br/Cl值(质量分数比)特征,结合研究区地质演化,取得以下认识。L2井K₁m(含)泥砾盐岩中石盐矿物发育两类产状:一类是胶结碎屑颗粒的主体石盐,具塑性流变特征;另一类是析出在碎屑中被盐类或黏土矿物碎屑包裹的石盐,两类包裹体特征指示均属次生成因。电子探针测得L2井K₁m的主体石盐、碎屑包裹和勐野井MK-1井J₂h含钾盐层石盐的K含量分别为≤0.09%、≤0.18%和≤0.13%,Br含量分别为≤60×10^-6、70×10^-6~410×10^-6和70×10^-6~500×10^-6,10³Br/Cl值分别为≤0.10、0.12~0.71和0.12~0.85,主体石盐显著低于后二者,处于陆源或海陆混合源石盐阶段或重结晶石盐阶段,而后二者数值接近,大多处在海源石盐阶段,小部分处在海源母液结晶钾石盐阶段和光卤石阶段。推断磨黑L2井碎屑包裹的石盐属深部古盐体刺穿贯入的证据,可能的成矿模式为深部中侏罗统海相古盐体受盐底辟作用迁移到浅层下白垩统勐野井组后,部分被盆地内侧向迁移来的中侏罗世残留海水、盆地周缘汇入的陆源水以及深部热液的共同溶蚀淋滤和混染改造形成新的卤水,部分以固体古石盐砾保留下来,在早白垩世晚期新母液卤水蒸发成盐过程中被形成的盐类和陆源碎屑矿物包裹,后期在母液结晶的主体石盐胶结下沉积成岩和成矿。以上认识完善了“二层楼”成矿理论在整董含盐带的勘探实践。     

Using sedimentology to address the marine or continental origin of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of Kansas

The Permian Hutchinson Salt Member of the Wellington Formation of the Sumner Group of Kansas (USA) has multiple scientific and industrial uses. Although this member is highly utilized, there has not been a sedimentological study on these rocks in over 50 years, and no study has investigated the full thickness of this member. Past publications have inferred a marine origin as the depositional environment. Here, this marine interpretation is challenged. The goals of this study are to fully document sedimentological and stratigraphic characteristics of the Permian Hutchinson Salt Member in the Atomic Energy Commission Test Hole 2 core from Rice County, Kansas. This study documents colour, mineralogy, sedimentary textures, sedimentary structures, diagenetic features and stratigraphic contacts in core slab and thin sections. The Hutchinson Salt Member is composed of five lithologies: bedded halite, siliciclastic mudstone, displacive halite, bedded gypsum/anhydrite and displacive gypsum/anhydrite. These lithologies formed in shallow surface brines and mudflats that underwent periods of flooding, evapoconcentration and desiccation. Of note are the paucity of carbonates, lack of marine-diagnostic fossils, absence of characteristic marine minerals and lithofacies, and the stratigraphic context of the Hutchinson with associated continental deposits. The Hutchinson Salt Member was most likely deposited in an arid continental setting. This new interpretation offers a refined view of Pangaea during the middle Permian time.     

东营凹陷平南地区火山岩中发现含石盐子晶流体包裹体及其对岩浆脱气的启示

本文报道在东营凹陷平南地区滨古斜15井火山岩岩心中发现含石盐子晶流体包裹体.流体包裹体赋存于石英闪长玢岩的石英矿物之中,经显微观察和-185℃低温原位拉曼光谱分析,确定子晶为石盐矿物.显微测温分析结果显示,原生包裹体的均一温度在359~496℃,流体的盐度为43.26%~54.51%.研究样品中5种类型流体包裹体共生,说明流体发生了不混溶作用.岩浆上升过程中温度和压力的降低导致流体发生强烈的不混溶作用,并促进岩浆脱气.由于富CO2流体以岩浆脱气的方式逃离岩浆,而高盐度流体作为脱气之后的残余流体保存在包裹体中,所以包裹体中以高盐度流体(NaCl-H2O体系)为主,而另一端元组分(富CO2流体)较少.含石盐子晶流体包裹体的发现证实平南地区岩浆中存在高盐度流体,研究结果表明该区的岩浆脱气过程与高盐度流体不混溶作用有关.这个发现对进一步了解岩浆脱气机制和中国东部无机成因CO2成藏有重要的启示意义.