西非被动大陆边缘重力滑脱构造发育演化及成因机制

西非被动大陆边缘盆地在晚侏罗世伴随大西洋的裂开而形成,陆内裂陷构造旋回(晚侏罗世-早白垩世阿普特期(Aptian))主要发育陆内裂陷构造;过渡期构造旋回(阿普特期)沉积了一套潟湖相塑性层(盐岩);被动大陆边缘构造旋回(早白垩世阿尔布期(Albian)至今)共发育了两期重力滑脱构造,早白垩世阿尔布期-渐新世发育一期(早期)重力滑脱构造,中新世至今发育了另一期(晚期)重力滑脱构造。西非被动大陆边缘同一期重力滑脱构造具有从早到晚由陆向海的前展式发育规律,且多期重力滑脱构造具有从早到晚由陆向海迁移的进积叠加规律。西非被动大陆边缘重力滑脱构造发育的主要控制因素是大地构造背景、地层掀斜、滑脱面形态,其中大地构造背景控制重力滑脱构造体系类型,地层掀斜是引起地质体重力滑脱和变形的根本、控制构造变形的强度,滑脱面形态控制着重力滑脱构造类型和发育位置;次要控制因素是差异重力负载和塑性滑脱层等。并在此基础上建立了宽缓型凹面斜坡和窄陡型斜坡滑脱面下的西非被动大陆边缘重力滑脱构造成因发育模式。     

白云鄂博矿区北部韧性剪切带特征及其构造意义

在白云鄂博主矿北西约6.5km处的查干楚鲁一带,有一条近东西向延伸的断层带,前人在该带中部识别出了蛇绿岩混杂堆积。本文作者在蛇绿岩东部的大理岩质糜棱岩中发现鞘褶皱、拉伸线理及旋转碎斑系等变形构造,在大理岩周围发现石英岩型宏观压力影构造,在变质石英砂岩中识别出褶劈理以及方解石脉等相关构造,在这条东西向断裂带北边发现典型的黄铁矿型压力影。根据上述特征判断,查干楚鲁一带为一条近东西向延伸的韧性剪切带,同时具有NEE—SWW向逆左旋走滑的特征。该带揭示出蒙古洋板块与华北板块在晚古生代汇聚拼合的基本格局。     

Genetic improvement of New Zealand aquaculture species: programmes,progress and prospects

Aquaculture, like terrestrial farming, cannot achieve economic and sustainable production without high performing genetic stocks tailored to the conditions under which they are grown. It is essential, therefore, that aquaculture investment includes genetics and biotechnology to adapt marine livestock to the novel conditions of intensive aquaculture and to the demanding markets into which they are sold. The return on investment in well-structured breeding programmes can be very high, and significant performance and economic gains have been demonstrated in multiple species. Many factors must be considered in designing a genetic improvement programme, including the reproductive biology of the species and the identification of realistic and commercially relevant breeding goals based on the resources and facilities available. This paper reviews the options available to aquaculturists and provides examples of how these are being applied to six aquaculture species in New Zealand: king salmon, hāpuku, kingfish, Greenshell^TM mussels, Pacific oysters and pāua (abalone).     

Morphodynamic research challenges for braided river environments: Lessons from the iconic case of New Zealand

Pressures on braided river systems in New Zealand are increasing due to anthropogenic stresses such as demand for irrigation water, braidplain conversion to farmland and invasive vegetation, as well as extreme natural events associated with earthquakes and climate change. These pressures create issues around preserving braided river physical environments and associated ecosystems, and managing hazards such as floods, aggradation and erosion. A need for more robust understanding and quantification of braided river morphodynamic processes underpins many of these issues. Here, we present eight morphodynamic research challenges to service this need. The first four research challenges relate to managing aggradation-related flooding hazards; the last four address issues stem largely from recent dairy expansion, which has created huge pressure to take land and irrigation water from the alp-fed braided rivers and to alter flow regimes at their mouths. Hāpua, the freshwater lagoons found where most braided rivers meet the coast, show complex morphodynamic behaviour in response to the interplay of river and coastal processes, and their special ecosystems are sensitive to river flow and sediment load changes. We discuss how physical laboratory experiments and novel numerical modelling can help to understand the morphological processes braided rivers undergo, and we show how those research advances could inform planning and legal decisions to regulate land rights and irrigation water allocation on New Zealand's braidplains. We illustrate these environmental and engineering issues and research challenges with examples from the Kowhai, Waiho, Waiau, Rangitata and Hurunui Rivers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Short Time Lyapunov Indicators in the Restricted Three-Body Problem

We applied the method of the short time Lyapunov indicators to the planar circular and to the planar elliptic restricted three-body problem in order to study the structure of the phase space in some selected regions. In the circular case we computed the short-time averages of the stretching numbers to distinguish between regular and chaotic domains of the phase space. The results obtained in this way are in good agreement with the corresponding Poincaré's surface of sections. Using the short time Lyapunov indicators we determined the detailed structure of the phase space in the semi-major axis-eccentricity plane of the test particle both in the circular and in the elliptic restricted problem (in the latter case for some values of the eccentricities of the primaries) and we studied the main features of the phase space.This revised version was published online in October 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Horizontal to vertical spectral ratio and geological conditions: an analysis of strong motion data from Greece and Taiwan (SMART-1)

Nowadays, several research efforts have been directed towards the evaluation of the horizontal to vertical, (h/v), spectral ratio technique, following the pioneering work of Nakamura originally proposed for microtremor measurements. In the present study, an extension of this technique based on Greek and Taiwanese (SMART-1) strong motion data is attempted. Whenever possible comparisons with results obtained by the standard spectral ratio technique for the same sites are made. Regarding the Greek data it is concluded that (h/v) spectral ratio clearly distinguishes the range of resonant peaks between ‘rock’ and ‘alluvium’ sites. On the other hand, nonlinear effects that take place beneath SMART-1 array most probably obscure the expected consistency between (h/v) and standard spectral ratio technique.     

Quasilinear heating of electrons in the earth's plasmasphere

In the framework of a quasilinear theory we examine the interaction between thermal electrons and ion-cyclotron waves (ICW) in the outer plasmasphere of the earth. For this type of wave-particle interaction, a simplification of the quasilinear diffusion integral in a magneto-active plasma under plasmaspheric conditions is given. Under the assumption of a Maxwellian distribution of electrons we have calculated the collision frequency and the heating source as the electrons are scattered by ICW. The obtained values of intrinsic parameters of the outer plasmasphere may exceed greatly, accordingly, the Coulomb frequency of collisions and the heating source due to suprathermal electrons. ICW-heating causes the ionosphereward thermal flux to increase, and this must lead to an increase in electron temperature in lower-lying plasmaspheric regions and in the subauroral ionosphere. A quantitative estimation of the electron temperature for the hot zone, made in this paper, is consistent with available experimental data.     

Theoretical visibility curves of late type stars

Theoretical visibility curves are presented for one carbon and one oxygen star. We aim to show the importance of measurements at wavelengths across the band.     

经济地理学的研究进展与趋势—基于经济地理代表性学者的研究

在学术界,代表性学者和机构对学科的产生和发展起着至关重要的作用,了解其总体格局和研究趋势有助于加深我们对该学科的认识和理解。文章对1980年~2014年海外经济地理代表性学者、机构、热点问题和研究趋势作了较为全面的分析。从研究结果中发现:(1)30多年以来的经济地理代表性学者和机构主要来自于英、美和少数几个欧洲发达国家;(2)亚洲经济地理学者的总影响力在国际上并不突出,在59位经济地理代表性学者中,亚裔学者仅有4位;(3)近年来的研究趋势呈现出明显的演化转向,金融危机背景下的区域弹性和有关亚洲经济发展等一系列问题逐渐成为热点问题。总的来说,经济地理学不仅是一门交叉性很强的学科,而且其产生和发展与特殊时期和特殊地域背景密不可分,     

浙江十种经济海藻的氨基酸含量分析

采用以异硫氰酸苯脂（ＰＩＴＣ）为柱前衍生化的ＰＩＣＯ－ＴＡＧ反相高效液相色谱法对浙江沿岸１０种经济海藻的氨基酸含量进行测定,得出以上海藻的氨基酸色谱图。发现１０种海藻的氨基酸组成基本相同。氨基酸总含量达１０．５７％～３３．５１％,其中必需氨基酸占总量的２８．２８％～４５．２２％。该测定结果可以为海藻经济开发提供参考。