地下工程震波技术与应用

激发的震波在工程岩土体中传播，检测其波动力学参数，来测试岩土体的工程力学性质。原位震波波速测试技术可以对井巷的岩体模量，支护选型，围岩性质进行检测；利用地震勘探，面波勘探方法可以对矿层厚度，超前探测等方面进行有效检测；震波CT、导波勘探等探测方法对于采面内的地质异常探测有较好的针对性；通过声发射检测技术可以解决地下工程安全问题。实际应用说明，震波探测技术从地下工程的开拓掘进，采场形成到采后管理等过程中有着广泛的应用前景。一些技术已作为地下工程中的日常工作加以应用，但进一步的生产应用还需深入研究。     

吐哈盆地侏罗系层序地层学研究

吐哈盆地侏罗系是一个盆地充填层序 (一级层序 ),包括 4个构造层序 (二级层序 ),分别与侏罗纪湖盆的 4个演化阶段 (稳定沉降阶段、短期收缩阶段、扩张阶段和萎缩阶段 )相对应,其中又分为 13个 (三级 )层序。与海相地层不同的是,本区识别出了 4种层序边界类型 (A型、B型、C型和D型 ),其对应的层序本文分别称之为冲积层序、淹没层序、类Ⅰ型层序和类Ⅱ型层序。冲积层序形成于构造剧烈抬升时的盆地萎缩阶段,淹没层序形成于构造沉降迅速时的盆地扩张阶段.     

滇西菲红超基性岩风化壳铂族元素地球化学行为

近年来在世界不同地区进行了风化过程中铂族元素的地球化学行为研究。作为中国西南部的第一个实例，本文研究了云南西部菲红超基性岩体上发育的红土风化剖面。矿物学和微量元素地球化学研究证明该风化壳是超基性岩风化的结果。文中详细讨论了风化壳的地质、矿物学、红土化和铂族元素地球化学特征。结果表明，风化壳的红土化程度不高，仍处于红色粘土阶段；风化壳上部的表层土壤带和铁质粘土带中铂族元素总量至少富集了3．57－7．87倍，其中Ru和Pd的富集程度较大,Ir的富集程度中等，Pt和Rh的富集程度较小，使得铂族元素的配分模式由基岩的Pt富集型转变为风化壳的Ru-Pt富集型，证明红土化过程中铂族元素发生了分异。     

Anthropogenic organic matter in the Great Marsh of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and its implications

Cores from the Great Marsh area of the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore were examined in order to document variations in concentration, type and size of anthropogenic organic matter (A_nOM—coal, coke, etc.) and discuss their relationship to the concentration of such trace elements as Pb, Zn, and Mn in the near-surface sediment section. The results indicate that the first appearance of A_nOM corresponds to the onset of industrialization in the area. There is also a general relationship between the occurrence of A_nOM and Zn, Pb, and Mn. Trace metals were likely transported from the industrial sites to the area of their deposition as sulfur-bearing coatings on small anthropogenic particles. After deposition, these sulfur-bearing compounds reacted with organic matter within the marsh. As a result of bacterial reduction, the pyrite was produced, as suggested by a close relationship between the pyrite and A_nOM. Distance from the industrial complex upwind as well as local hydrologic conditions are among the major factors controlling distribution of A_nOM and trace elements. At the same distance from the source, types and sizes of A_nOM are influenced by the duration and frequency of flooding.     

中国东南沿海中-新生代玄武岩微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素研究

本文对中国东南沿海不含幔源包体的中生代玄武岩和含幔源包体的新生代玄武岩进行了微量元素和Nd-Sr-Pb同位素对比研究。中生代玄武岩呈Ta、Nb和Hf负异常,低Ce/Pb、Nb/U比值和高La/Nb比值,与岛弧火山岩和陆壳岩石的微量元素特征相类似,说明在岩浆生成和上升过程中,幔源组分受到了陆壳组分的混染。新生代玄武岩呈Ta、Nb正异常和Pb负异常,高Ce/Pb、Nb/U比值和低La/Nb比值,与海岛玄武岩(OIB)相类似,Nd-Sr同位素成分与夏威夷玄武岩类似,因而它们未受明显的陆壳混染。143Nd/144Nd与206Pb/204Pb之间的负相关关系和87Sr/86Sr与206Pb/204Pb之间的正相关关系说明本区新生代玄武岩起源于中等亏损程度的软流圈地幔,并与EMII富集地幔组分发生了混合。     

山门银矿地球化学特征及异常模式

本文着重论述了山门银矿地球化学特征;水系沉积物,土壤及原生地球化学异常特征和分带性。初步概括出山门银矿床地球化学异常模式及找矿标志。     

新疆巴里坤红井子地区石炭纪火山岩及其大地构造环境分析

通过对红井子地区石炭纪人山岩岩石学、岩石化学、稀土元素、微量元素等特征分析；认为该区石炭纪火山岩具岛弧火山岩和裂谷火山岩两种不同属性，其形成构造环境也存在明显差异。该区火山岩分别形成于三个不同的构造环境，即准噶尔岛弧带、博格达裂谷带及喀尔力克岛弧带。     

The Sudbury Structure (Ontario,Canada): a tectonically deformed multi-ring impact basin

The occurrence of shock metamorphic features substantiates an impact origin for the 1.85 Ga old Sudbury Structure, but this has not been universally accepted. Recent improvements in knowledge of large-scale impact processes, combined with new petrographic, geochemical, geophysical (LITHOPROBE) and structural data, allow the Sudbury Structure to be interpreted as a multi-ring impact structure. The structure consists of the following lithologies: Sudbury Breccia —dike breccias occurring up to 80 km from the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC); Footwall rocks and Footwall Breccia — brecciated, shocked crater floor materials, in part thermally metamorphosed by the overlying SIC; Sublayer and Offset Dikes, Main Mass of the SIC and Basal Member of the Onaping Formation (OF) — geochemically heterogeneous coherent impact melt complex ranging from inclusion-rich basal unit through a dominantly inclusion-free to a capping inclusion-rich impact melt rock; Grey Member of OF — melt-rich impact breccia (suevite); Green Member of OF — thin layer of fall back ejecta; Black Member of OF — reworked and redeposited breccia material; Onwatin and Chelmsford Formations — post-impact sediments. Observational and analytical data support an integrated step-by-step impact model for the genesis of these units. Analysis of the present spatial distribution of various impact-related lithologies and shock metamorphic effects result in an estimated original rim-to-rim diameter of the final crater of 200 or even 280 km for the Sudbury Structure, prior to tectonic thrusting and deformation during the Penokean orogeny.     

核安全导则中的地震震级划分意义

本文论述了我国核安全导则中对地震进行两级划分的意义,着重讨论了大震在选址地震工作中的作用。最后,结合我国地震条件提出了大震划分的起算标度。