贵州中东部剩余重力异常与区域矿产分布关系

重点研究1:20万剩余重力异常,结合航磁、物性、地质等资料,初步圈定区内隐伏、半隐伏岩浆岩体,对研究与重力异常、岩体分布关系密切的矿产的时间、空间分布及其成因,有一定参考价值和指示意义。     

新疆色尔特能地区超镁铁岩岩石地球化学特征及构造环境分析

通过对出露在康古尔韧性剪切带西段的色尔特能超镁铁岩的野外地质调查和岩石学、岩石地球化学方面的分析研究工作,结果显示：色尔特能超镁铁岩发生了强烈蛇纹石化,基本蚀变成蛇纹岩;岩石主量元素具高Mg （w（MgO）=36.15%~37.96%）、高Cr （w（Cr₂O₃）=0.32%~0.36%）、高Ni （w（NiO）=0.17%~0.21%）、低Si （w（SiO₂）=40.50%~41.92%）、贫Al （w（Al₂O₃）=1.19%~1.77%）、低Fe （w（TFeO）=6.98%~7.87%）特征,Mg^#值为94.71~97.73,m/f值为8.03~9.42,属于典型镁质超镁铁岩,推测原岩为斜方辉石橄榄岩;稀土元素总量w（ΣREE）=1.44×10^-6~2.92×10^-6,配分模式为轻稀土微弱富集近平坦型,w（La）_N/w（Yb）_N=3.09~5.49,具一定程度的负Eu异常（δEu=0.48~1.09）和负Ce异常（δCe=0.53~0.60）;微量元素富集Ba、U、Ta,亏损Nb、Ti。色尔特能超镁铁岩属变质橄榄岩,是SSZ型蛇绿岩的底部组成单元,由原始地幔经2%~10%部分熔融形成的亏损地幔岩,其形成于俯冲带环境中的洋内弧后盆地。     

西南喀斯特石漠化过程中土壤有机质组分及其影响因素

通过采集我国西南喀斯特地区不同石漠化阶段典型土壤样品,研究了土壤有机质组分及其影响因素.结果表明:(1)喀斯特地区土壤有机质各组分含量中胡敏素>富里酸>胡敏酸,HA/FA一般<0.4,为富里酸土壤,与同水平地带土壤一致.(2)石漠化过程对喀斯特地区土壤中有机质组成有明显的影响,土壤中胡敏素、富里酸与胡敏酸表现出未石漠化＞潜在石漠化＞轻度石漠化＞中度石漠化的趋势.(3)喀斯特地区土壤有机质组分空间分布有较大差异,剖面层次上各有机质组分胡敏素、富里酸与胡敏酸均表现出表土层>底土层,山区不同部位上表现以山坡中下部有机质含量最高,而以山顶最低,且FA/HA表现出从山顶到山脚有明显增加的趋势.(4)喀斯特地区土壤土壤有机碳、酸碱度、碳酸钙、容重、非晶形氧化铝、颗粒组成、有效磷与土壤有机碳组分间表现出显著或极显著的相关性,土壤有机碳和质地是影响土壤有机碳组分含量的主要因素.     

煤和砂岩加载弹塑性损伤本构方程

为了研究煤岩和砂岩在加载过程中的损伤对岩石力学性质的影响,分别对煤岩和砂岩做单轴和三轴全应力应变加卸载实验。进而构建岩石的损伤本构方程,实验结果表明：随着岩石损伤的增大,岩石的卸载弹性模量逐渐减小,塑性应变逐渐增加,表明岩石损伤属于弹塑性损伤;同时随着围压的增大,岩石的弹性模量随损伤的增加而下降的速率减小,表明岩石损伤主要引起岩石塑性应变的增加,岩石损伤破坏逐渐由脆性破坏向塑性破坏转变。假设岩石损伤速率符合威布尔统计分布规律,在此基础上构建煤岩损伤演化方程,通过实验和相关分析构建煤和砂岩弹塑性损伤本构方程。最后用构建的本构方程对实验曲线进行拟合,验证了弹塑性损伤本构方程的正确性。     

碳酸盐岩风化过程中高场强元素的地球化学行为研究——来自碳酸盐岩淋溶实验的证据

选择黔中地区的一条白云岩原位风化剖面（平坝剖面）作为研究对象,通过对岩-土界面之下的岩粉层（砂状碳酸盐岩）动态淋溶过程中高场强元素（HFSE）地球化学行为的研究,并结合其在风化壳剖面的分布特征,获得了以下主要认识:（1）碳酸盐岩风化过程中,HFSE间存在明显的分馏,而且元素分馏主要出现在岩-土界面作用过程中,即碳酸盐岩溶蚀形成残积土阶段;元素的地球化学惰性由强到弱的顺序依次为Zr>Hf>Nb>Sc>Th>Ta>Ti>Y,其中,Zr是最稳定的元素,Hf仅次于Zr,Nb和Sc也相对较为惰性,而Th、Ta、Ti、Y呈现出明显的活性;（2）对于碳酸盐岩风化剖面的质量平衡计算,Zr是理想的参比元素（即惰性元素）;（3）由基岩酸不溶物至风化壳剖面,元素对Nb-Ta、Zr-Hf显示出较好的协变性,没有明显分馏,因此,在利用这类元素对岩溶区风化壳的物源进行示踪时,碳酸盐岩作为潜在母岩,宜采用其酸不溶物作为参比对象;（4）碳酸盐岩风化过程中,虽然Sc也是一个较为稳定的HFSE,但在风化母岩中分布不均匀,不宜用于岩溶区风化壳的物源示踪。      

塔中奥陶系碳酸盐岩流体包裹体特征及其对成岩作用和深部流体作用的指示意义

塔中地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩经历了多期构造运动,具有复杂的埋藏史和地热史,且受深部流体作用改造,成岩作用比较复杂。本文通过对塔中地区6El井奥陶系碳酸盐岩样品开展详细的显微镜岩矿鉴定、流体包裹体岩相学研究及包裹体均一温度和盐度的测定,结合塔中地区构造、地层埋藏史及热演化史等资料,对塔中地区奥陶系成岩作用及深部流体作用进行了探讨。塔中地区奥陶系包裹体大致可以分为4期：第1期包裹体形成于晚加里东一早海西期早成岩期的同生一准同生或表生暴露阶段,温度接近地表温度,包裹体均一温度〈60℃;第2期形成于晚海西期浅埋藏阶段,包裹体均一温度为90～105℃;第3期包裹体形成于波动埋藏一深埋藏阶段,包裹体均一温度变化范围较大,为120～186oC;第4期包裹体均一温度较高,多分布在192～235℃之间,这期高温流体包裹体的形成应该与岩浆．火山或深部热流体作用有关。另外,包裹体的盐度随均一温度升高而发生变化,这可能反映了塔中地区奥陶系在后期受深部热流体影响。     

The influence of solar‐induced thermal stresses on the mechanical weathering of rocks in humid mid‐latitudes

The role of solar‐induced thermal stresses in the mechanical breakdown of rock in humid‐temperate climates has remained relatively unexplored. In contrast, numerous studies have demonstrated that cracks in rocks found in more arid mid‐latitude locations exhibit preferred northeast orientations that are interpreted to be a consequence of insolation‐related cracking. Here we hypothesize that similar insolation‐related mechanisms may be efficacious in humid temperate climates, possibly in conjunction with other mechanical weathering processes. To test this hypothesis, we collected rock and crack data from a total of 310 rocks at a forested field site in North Carolina (99 rocks, 266 cracks) and at forested and unforested field sites in Pennsylvania (211 rocks, 664 cracks) in the eastern United States. We find that overall, measured cracks exhibit statistically preferred strike orientations (47° ± 16), as well as dip angles (52° ± 24°), that are similar in most respects to comparable datasets from mid‐latitude deserts. There is less variance in strike orientations for larger cracks suggesting that cracks with certain orientations are preferentially propagated through time. We propose that diurnally repeating geometries of solar‐related stresses result in propagation of those cracks whose orientations are favorably oriented with respect to those stresses. We hypothesize that the result is an oriented rock heterogeneity that acts as a zone of weakness much like bedding or foliation that can, in turn, be exploited by other weathering processes. Observed crack orientations vary somewhat by location, consistent with this hypothesis given the different latitude and solar exposure of the field sites. Crack densities vary between field sites and are generally higher on north‐facing boulder‐faces and in forested sites, suggesting that moisture‐availability also plays a role in dictating cracking rates. These data provide evidence that solar‐induced thermal stresses facilitate mechanical weathering in environments where other processes are also likely at play. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

轮古东走滑断裂破碎带结构及与油气关系

利用最新处理完成的轮古东300 km2叠前深度偏移地震资料,多手段识别出轮古东气田发育3期4组断裂。断裂控制了裂缝走向与裂缝发育密度,裂缝主要为高角度(45°~75°)构造窄裂缝,沿裂缝存在溶蚀,走向主要为NESW。纵向上,一间房组裂缝发育密度最大(14条/100 m),其次为鹰山组(6条/100 m)和良里塔格组(4条/100 m);平面上,裂缝主要分布在主干断裂周边1 km范围内,随着距断裂距离增大,裂缝发育强度(裂缝线密度)呈指数降低。在此基础上,综合考虑主干断裂及伴生裂缝发育特征,将轮古东断裂破碎带平面上划分为"羽状破碎带、转换破碎带、斜列破碎带、复合破碎带"4种结构,羽状破碎带分布面积最广,是油气最富集的区域,是目前高效井的集中分布区,围绕羽状破碎带的钻探为走滑断裂控储控藏研究和寻找新的油气富集区域提供了新思路。     

岩体工程质量分级应用研究

岩体质量评价采用的测试技术包括地质勘察、弹性波检测和室内岩石力学试验。结合水布垭水利枢纽大坝建基岩体工程质量评价实例,对岩体工程质量分级的应用进行了研究。     

Stable Eocene Magnetization Carried by Magnetite and Iron Sulphides in Marine Marls (Pamplona-Arguis Formation,Southern Pyrenees,Northern Spain)

In order to establish the magnetic carriers and assess the reliability of previous paleomagnetic results obtained for Eocene marine marls from the south Pyrenean basin, we carried out a combined paleo- and rock-magnetic study of the Pamplona-Arguis Formation, which crops out in the western sector of the southern Pyrenees (N Spain). The unblocking temperatures suggest that the characteristic remanent magnetization (ChRM) is carried by magnetite and iron sulphides. The ChRM has both normal and reversed polarities regardless of whether it resides in magnetite or iron sulphides, and represents a primary Eocene magnetization acquired before folding. Rock magnetic results confirm the presence of magnetite and smaller amounts of magnetic iron sulphides, most likely pyrrhotite, in all the studied samples. Framboidal pyrite is ubiquitous in the marls and suggests that iron sulphides formed during early diagenesis under sulphate-reducing conditions. ChRM directions carried by magnetic iron sulphides are consistent with those recorded by magnetite. These observations suggest that magnetic iron sulphides carry a chemical remanent magnetization that coexists with a remanence residing in detrital magnetite. We suggest that the south Pyrenean Eocene marls are suitable for magnetostratigraphic and tectonic purposes but not for studies of polarity transitions, secular variations and geomagnetic excursions, because it is difficult to test for short time differences in remanence lock-in time for the two minerals. The presence of iron sulphide minerals contributing to the primary magnetization in Eocene marine marls reinforces the idea that these minerals can persist over long periods of time in the geological record.