Temporal and spatial dynamical simulation of groundwater characteristics in Minqin Oasis

Application scope of geostatistics has been gradually extended from original geologic field to soil science and ecological field, etc. and its successful application results have been widely demonstrated. But little information is reported as to the direct use of geostatistical method to work out the distribu- tion map of groundwater characteristics. In this paper the semivariogram of geostatistics, in combina- tion with GIS, was used to quantitatively study the spatial variation characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and their relation to the landuse changes. F test of the used spherical model reached a very significant level, and the theoretical model can well reflect the spatial structural characteristics of groundwater table depth and mineralization degree and achieve an ideal result. This shows that the application of the method in the dynamical simulation of groundwater is feasible. And this paper also provides useful reference for the application of geostatistics in the study of the dy- namical variations of groundwater resources in the oasis.     

云南水汞群体非均匀度异常与成组强震活动关系

阐述了一种前兆群体异常信息提取新方法前兆群体非均匀度的数学原理,并以云南水汞群体异常信息为例进行了具体计算。结果表明该方法以群体异常分布特征的变化为异常标准(ID≥1),达到异常即自动识别报警。该方法能克服个人经验的局限,易为他人进行检验,可成为本地区成组强震预测对应概率较高的新指标。     

玄武岩台地区滑坡典型特征及防治对策

文章分析了江浙皖玄武岩台地区滑坡在地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、水文地质条件、滑坡体特征、滑动面特征、滑动多期性等方面的典型特征。由于地表水和地下水是玄武岩台地区滑坡中的主要影响因素,因此提出对该类型滑坡的防治应采用排水工程为主,并和其它防治措施相结合的方法进行治理。在滑坡治理的过程中,滑坡监测始终是滑坡防治的基础,防治的效果也需要监测工作来检验。     

潜蚀作用导致岩溶塌陷地质灾害的实例分析

淳安县某村于2005年2月初发生民房墙体开裂、地面裂缝、砼路面层与路基脱开、施工缝拉裂等地质灾害现象。从破坏特征看,该灾害应属于地面沉降,但却不具备发育通常概念“地面沉降”的地质环境条件。文章根据灾害区附近灰岩溶洞较发育、表部松散层厚度较大等条件,认为灾害由地下水潜蚀作用引起,并试图恢复其作用机制。指出如不加以治理,可能造成灾难。     

地球化学方法在麻林桥低温热水勘查中的应用

应用地球化学方法是地热、温泉勘查中广泛采用的有效手段之一。以麻林桥低温热水为例，说明土壤中的汞、砷、硼微量元素的富集规律，这些微量元素对寻找地下导热构造有明显的指示作用。     

联合稳定同位素与水化学方法确定地下水污染源

地下水污染是废水参与地球水循环的结果,稳定同位素在全球水循环中的应用原理同样适用于研究地下水的地表污染源.通过与水化学方法结合,确定地下水的地表污染来源,计算了污水的混入比例,为今后地下水污染的治理提供了可靠的依据.     

利用水源热泵开采浅层地热能若干问题的探讨

地下水源热泵采能技术作为一种浅层低温地热能的可持续开发方式,在我国推广应用已有近十年的时间。尽管推广时间不长,但发展速度非常之快,尤其是近3～5年。由于多方面的原因,我国部分地下水源热泵采能工程逐渐暴露出一些问题,需要给予足够的重视。本文介绍了地下水源热泵采能系统的运行模式及特点,简要地对国内外热泵采能技术的应用现状进行了综述,并对该项技术在我国推广应用过程中存在的一些问题,进行了一定的分析和讨论。     

北京市地面沉降发展及对城市建设的影响

地面沉降是北京市平原区主要地质灾害之一,最早在1935年发现于西单至东单一带,到目前为止已经形成了多个地面沉降中心,到2005年底,累计沉降量大于50mm的沉降区达4114 km~2,大于100mm的沉降区达2815km~2。地面沉降已经对城市基础设施造成一定程度的破坏,并且已经对奥运场馆、规划新城、CBD等重要区域构成潜在威胁,所以必须及时制定完善的防治措施来降低地面沉降的危害。     

Delineation of potential groundwater zones based on multicriteria decision making technique

Groundwater is the most prioritized water source in India and plays an indispensable role in India's economy. The groundwater potential mapping is key to the sustainable groundwater development and management. A hybrid methodology is applied to delineate potential groundwater zones based on remote sensing, geographical information systems(GIS) and analytic hierarchy process(AHP) as on multicriteria decision making. For the purpose of demonstrating field application, Chittar watershed, Tamilnadu, India is studied as an example. The important morphological characteristics considered in the study are lithology, geomorphology, lineament density, drainage density, slope, and Soil Conservation Service–Curve Number(SCS-CN). These six thematic layers are generated in a GIS platform. Based on intersecting the layers, AHP method, the values for adopting the pairwise comparison normalized weight and normalized subclasses weightage were given. The normalized subclass weightage is input into each layer subclass. Then, weighted linear combination method is used to add the data layers in GIS platform to generate groundwater potential Index(GWPI) map. The GWPI map is validated based on the net recharge computed from the differences of measured groundwater levels between the pre-monsoon and post-monsoon in the year 2018. The kappa statistics are used to measure level spatial consistency between the GWPI and net recharge map. The overall average spatial matching accuracy between the two data sets is 0.86, while the kappa coefficient for GWPI with net recharge, 0.78. The results show that in Chittar watershed about 870 km~2 area is divided into high potential zone(i.e. sum of very high and high potential zone), 667 km~2 area, as the moderate one and the rest 105 km~2 area, as the poor zone(i.e. sum of very poor and poor potential zone).     

鲁北平原地下咸水浅层地热能开发利用条件研究

为了解决鲁北平原区农村冬季清洁供暖问题,扩大地下水地源热泵系统的应用规模,以区内广泛发育的咸水体为研究目标,在简述第四纪地层特征的基础上,阐明了第四纪含水砂层与咸水体的分布特征,总结了区内以往开展的4个浅层地热能勘查项目所施工的水文地质勘探孔抽水试验与回灌试验成果。结果表明: 研究区咸水含水层单井涌水量320~475 m³/d,单位涌水量12.76~28.3 m³/(d·m),自然回灌条件下单井回灌量30~56 m³/d,单位回灌量5.85~17.5 m³/(d·m); 单眼开采井可供暖面积为3 481.02 m²,可满足约35户农村住宅的冬季供暖需求; 研究区在进行浅层地热能开发时建议优先选择地下水地源热泵系统,对于供暖/制冷能耗需求较小的农村单户建筑,可选择地埋管地源热泵系统进行分散式供暖/制冷。