北京城市规划区水源热泵系统应用适宜性分区

鉴于北京市水源热泵系统应用过程中存在地下水水资源因不能完全回灌造成浪费及运行效率未能充分发挥等问题,本文针对水源热泵系统运行过程中地下水的抽灌模式,根据北京规划市区的水文地质条件,对水源热泵系统应用的适宜性进行了分区,为水源热泵技术因地制宜、合理有序应用提供了科学的思路。     

三江平原地下水资源合理开发利用模式探讨

本文按地下水系统及行政区划分析了三江平原各地区地下水资源的可开采资源量及地下水资源开采潜力,针对不同地区提出不同的地下水开采方案,做到科学有序、合理开采.     

北非和青藏高原感热振荡特征及与我国东部夏季降水的关系

利用EOF方法,分析了NCEP/NCAR 1948—2002年再分析资料中月平均全球地面感热资料,揭示了北非和青藏高原感热的振荡特征。分析了振荡关键区的感热距平与我国东部51个测站1951—2000年汛期降水距平的相关关系,用SVD方法分析了关键区感热距平场与我国东部51个测站全年各月降水距平场的空间耦合和时滞关系及关键区感热异常对我国东部降水异常的影响。结果表明,北非和青藏高原两个区域的感热变化呈负相关,它们对我国华北、江淮和华南三个区域的汛期降水滞后影响明显。感热对我国降水的影响以年代际为主。     

Assessment with satellite data of the urban heat island effects in Asian mega cities

This study focuses on using remote sensing for comparative assessment of surface urban heat island (UHI) in 18 mega cities in both temperate and tropical climate regions. Least-clouded day- and night-scenes of TERRA/MODIS acquired between 2001 and 2003 were selected to generate land-surface temperature (LST) maps. Spatial patterns of UHIs for each city were examined over its diurnal cycle and seasonal variations. A Gaussian approximation was applied in order to quantify spatial extents and magnitude of individual UHIs for inter-city comparison. To reveal relationship of UHIs with surface properties, UHI patterns were analyzed in association with urban vegetation covers and surface energy fluxes derived from high-resolution Landsat ETM+ data. This study provides a generalized picture on the UHI phenomena in the Asian region and the findings can be used to guide further study integrating satellite high-resolution thermal data with land-surface modeling and meso-scale climatic modeling in order to understand impacts of urbanization on local climate in Asia.     

Processing and quality control of flux data during LITFASS-2003

Different aspects of the quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) of micrometeorological measurements were combined to create a comprehensive algorithm which was then applied to experimental data from LITFASS-2003 (Lindenberg Inhomogeneous Terrain—Fluxes between Atmosphere and Surface: a long term Study). Eddy-covariance measurements of the latent heat flux were the main focus of the QA/QC efforts. The results of a turbulence sensor intercomparison experiment showed deviations between the different eddy-covariance systems on the order of 15%, or less than 30 W m⁻², for the latent heat flux and 5%, or less than 10 W m⁻², for the sensible heat flux. In order to avoid uncertainties due to the post-processing of turbulence data, a comprehensive software package was used for the analysis of experimental data from LITFASS-2003, including all necessary procedures for corrections and quality control. An overview of the quality test results shows that for most of the days more than 80% of the available latent heat flux data are of high quality so long as there are no instrumental problems. The representativeness of a flux value for the target land-use type was analysed using a stochastic footprint model. Different methods to calculate soil heat fluxes at the surface are discussed and a sensitivity analysis is conducted to select the most robust method for LITFASS-2003. The lack of energy balance closure, which was found for LITFASS-2003, can probably be attributed to the presence of low-frequency flux contributions that cannot be resolved with an averaging time of 30 min. Though the QA/QC system has been developed for the requirements of LITFASS-2003, it can also be applied to other experiments dealing with similar objectives.     

浅谈地下水流模拟中河流的处理方法

本文分析了河水与地下水不同作用形式下的补排关系,给出了河流在地下水流模拟中的两种处理方法.根据河流与地下水的相互作用规律将其概化为四种边界条件,并给出了在不同边界条件中河水与地下水交换量的计算公式,初步建立了河水与地下水的解析耦合模型.     

北京市大兴区地下水资源开采潜力分析

本文根据不同含水岩组的水量、水质和水温特征,分析了大兴区地下水资源的开采潜力,提出了地下水开发利用建议,为大兴区城市规划、城市供水方案提供依据。     

地下水源热泵的水文地质设计

地下水源热泵是一种国内外正在迅速推广的新型节能环保型空调技术,但如果设计和运行管理不合理,会造成水资源的耗损和地质环境的破坏,因此需要加强其水文地质设计。地下水源热泵的水文地质设计包括水力学设计、热力学设计和地质环境保护设计。水力学设计的重点是维持地下水回灌能力,热力学设计的重点是防止回灌井导致的地下水过热和过冷,地质环境保护设计重点是防止水资源浪费和地下水污染。算例分析表明,抽灌井距的确定需要把水力学设计与热力学设计结合起来进行。     

鲁西南邵庄-双庙水源地地下水环境质量现状评价

按照单项组分、综合评价法,对邵庄-双庙水源地第四系孔隙水和寒武-奥陶系岩溶水环境质量现状进行了评价。第四系孔隙水,总体上,以京杭运河为界,运河以西水质较差,运河以东地区、邵庄、双庙水源地所在地段水质较好;蜀山背斜岩溶水系统内大多地段岩溶水水质较好,邵庄水源地岩溶水水质良好,其它地段及双庙地垒岩溶水系统岩溶地下水质量普遍较差。     

含粉煤灰与伊利石的高吸水复合材料性能测试

粉煤灰具有一定的吸水能力,且含多种营养元素,对土壤有很好的改良效果;伊利石也具有吸水性,且含钾量高。采用溶液聚合法首次合成的粉煤灰-伊利石/丙烯酸-丙烯酰胺高吸水复合材料,其吸蒸馏水、自来水、生理盐水倍率分别为1 782,450,117,而国家“863计划”关于高吸水材料的技术指标分别为300,150,50;同时对复合材料的保水性、热稳定性、耐寒性及其二次吸液性能进行测试,结果表明:复合材料具有优越的保水性,25℃条件下干燥8 d,吸水凝胶还可以保持50%的吸水量;在0～120℃范围性能稳定;具有较高的二次吸液能力,可以多次使用。