中国-俄罗斯原油管道工程(漠河-大庆段)冻土工程地质考察与研究进展

在2005-2007年期间,先后3次对中国-俄罗斯原油管道漠河-大庆段沿线的冻土工程地质条件等进行科学考察,开展了冻土工程地质条件及其在气候变化和人类活动作用下的评价和预测研究.考察研究结果表明:管道沿线多年冻土在各类融区、季节冻土和水系等分隔作用下呈片状或岛状分布,沿线岛状、稀疏岛状及零星岛状占多年冻土区段的40%左右;管道沿线多年冻土随着气候的转暖和人类活动的影响不断退化.地形地貌单元、植被分布、地表水分条件的变化等局部因素对多年冻土的分布和地下冰的赋存产生重要的影响,管道沿线大约分布有50 km左右的沼泽湿地,其表层为腐殖质土及泥炭层,泥炭层下面分布着含土冰层或地下冰,是管道沿线最差的冻土工程地质地段;由于中俄原油管道沿线水系发育多,冻胀丘、冰椎和冰幔等不良冻土现象广泛分布.科学考察的成果为管道沿线冻土工程地质条件评价和预测、管道的稳定性影响分析以及后期的长期检测系统设置等研究奠定坚实的基础,进一步为即将开工的中俄原油管道漠河-大庆段工程的设计、施工提供科学依据.     

基于Poulos弹性理论的被动桩改进算法

传统的Poulos弹性理论仅适合于均质土中土体侧向位移时桩的性状分析,无法考虑土的层状特性。通过引入层状地基中作用一水平集中力的广义Mindlin解和地面作用有竖向荷载时的应力和位移通解,对Poulos方法进行了改进,使之扩展到多层土中,还用于研究堆载条件下的被动桩变形和受力响应。算例分析表明,改进弹性理论要比Poulos方法更为严密、合理,提高了计算精度,应用范围也更广。     

安徽月山岩体的锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年及其意义

月山岩体是长江中下游成矿带中安庆-贵池矿集区内月山矿田中最重要的中酸性侵入岩体.本文对月山岩体主要岩石--闪长岩进行了锆石SHRIMP U-Pb定年,得到年龄值为138.7±0.5Ma,表明岩体形成于早白垩世.该结果与铜陵等地的高钾钙碱性中酸性侵入岩的形成时代类似,但早于月山矿田内的花岗质岩体和庐枞盆地、宁芜盆地中的岩浆岩.在综合区内已有的岩石学、地球化学和成矿年代学资料的基础上,认为月山矿田内的铜金铁成矿作用与月山岩体的形成有着密切的成因联系,二者在时间上是一个连续的过程,皆发生于燕山期,成岩成矿作用过程发生于区域挤压-拉张过渡的构造背景.     

长江中下游金属矿找矿前景与找矿方法

本文论述了长江中下游地区金属矿床的地质、地球物理和地球化学特点,提出今后深部找矿的主要对象是：找隐伏含矿岩体及有关的各类矿体,找岩体中的大型斑岩型矿床,找受岩体和五通砂岩联合控制的层状矿;讨论了地球物理和地球化学方法应用中要注意解决的几个主要问题,强调应发挥包括重力、磁法、激发极化法、电磁法、岩性探测仪及多种天然地震法和化探方法等综合方法的作用,并与地质矿床成矿规律研究密切结合;讨论了方法应用试验中要注意的几个问题。文章最后一部分是从本区大地构造的演化探讨了区域构造岩浆活动与成矿前景,认为这一地区是扬子板块与华北板块陆-陆碰撞挤压造山带及其前陆区,在岩石圈强烈挤压下形成地壳增厚和深部物质的挤出折返,使深部的高压和超高压变质岩层推到地壳浅部;深部生成的柯石英等高压超高压矿物及地幔熔融岩浆同时上侵;生成大量钙碱性岩浆并存储在中地壳部位,通过长期与中下地壳金属物质进行交换,形成矿液的集中优势,通过后期出现的张性断裂构造而进入地壳表层,再经过与围岩发生物理化学成矿作用后沉淀成矿。归纳出扬子板块与华北板块陆-陆碰撞造山带一种新的构造模式。     

阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的地球化学特征及构造环境

对阿尔金南缘构造带西段辉绿岩墙群的岩石学和地球化学的详细研究表明,该区辉绿岩墙群为拉斑系列岩石,其主量元素以中等TiO2(1.19%～1.59%)、高MgO(5.51%～7.88%)、贫K2O(0.04%～0.84%)和P2O5(0.10%～0.20%)、Na2OK2O为特征;高场强元素(HFSE)丰度特征显示其为E-MORB型或过渡型玄武岩质岩石;稀土元素总量相对较高,轻重稀土元素分馏不显著[(La/Yb)N=1.93～3.61,LREE/HREE=3.01～4.10],在球粒陨石标准化配分模式图上呈略富集型.结合玄武岩构造环境判别图解综合分析推测,它们可能形成于一种裂谷向MORB环境过渡的构造环境,即初始小洋盆构造环境.     

环渤海区域大气水份平衡特征的研究

利用１９８１￣１９９０年环渤海地区的地面气象资料，探空资料和土地利用资料，计算了该地区大气水份平衡方程中各分量，分析了其变化特征，并对它们之间的相互关系进行了研究。     

烟威渔场盐度预报及分析

本文以我国北黄海的烟威渔场为研究对象,采用优选因子场预报模式,对盐度的时空变化进行预报试验。文中对所采用的统计预报方法,作了简要介绍。对影响本海区盐度变化的显著因子及预报结果作了初步分析。预报试验表明:预报的总体平均绝对误差为0.27‰,预报相对误差在18％左右,预报误差小于0.5‰的站数占总站数的85％,预报趋势与实测资料基本一致。     

东营凹陷王家岗地区王古1潜山构造特征及油气成藏条件

进一步了解王古1潜山的构造特征及成藏条件,利用渤海湾盆地济阳坳陷东营凹陷王家岗地区的大量三维地震剖面和一些钻井资料,并结合东营凹陷南坡缓坡带区域构造背景及成藏条件分析认为,王古1潜山初始发育于印支期,后经燕山期拉张断陷,切割为断块并抬升,最后于燕山期定型,为典型的缓坡盆倾残丘潜山。该潜山被NW向和NE向断裂切割,潜山高部位侵蚀风化严重,上覆孔店组盖层及沙河街组烃源岩,油气通过断层和不整合面运移至潜山顶部形成侵蚀残丘型油气藏。     

Stress Sharing Behavior and Its Mechanism during Consolidation Process in Composite Ground Improved by Sand Compaction Piles with Low Replacement Area Ratio

In order to accurately design a sand compaction pile (SCP) with low replacement area ratio, it is important to understand the mechanical interaction between the sand pile and clay ground and its mechanism during consolidation process in composite ground. In this article, therefore, a series of numerical analyses on composite ground improved by SCP with low replacement area ratio were carried out. The applicability of numerical analyses, in which an elasto-viscoplastic consolidation finite element method was applied, were confirmed by comparing the results obtained from a series of laboratory model tests with the composite ground improved by SCP. Through the results of the numerical analyses, mechanical behavior of the sand pile and clay in composite ground during consolidation is elucidated, together with a stress sharing mechanism between sand pile and clay.     

Diet of albacore Thunnus alalunga from the waters of Mauritius (western Indian Ocean) inferred from stomach contents and fatty acid analysis

The diet of albacore Thunnus alalunga from their spawning ground in the waters of Mauritius was investigated. The stomach contents of 249 albacore individuals, caught by industrial longliners and artisanal fishers, was analysed, and the dominant prey taxa were selected for lipid and fatty acid (FA) analysis. The FA profiles of prey were compared with those of liver tissue of spawning-capable and post-spawning female albacore, using multivariate analysis. Whereas stomach content analysis identified cephalopods and crustaceans as the dominant prey items in number, FA-profile analysis identified crustaceans and fishes as the most-frequently consumed prey of post-spawning female albacore. In contrast, the FA profiles of spawning-capable albacore and those of prey showed very low similarity. Analysis of the prey suggests that although cephalopods, crustaceans and fishes could all provide albacore with the required lipids and FAs, cephalopod prey seem to be less desirable owing to their lower energy content (i.e. low in total lipid, triacylglycerol, 16:0, 18:0 and 18:1ω9). Instead, the most beneficial food appeared to be locally available fishes, which are more energy-rich and have a higher docosahexaenoic acid/ eicosapentaenoic acid ratio. These results provide new information on the trophic ecology of albacore, promote our understanding of the importance of prey type for successful reproduction of albacore, and highlight the advantages of FA profiling to study diet.