Spatial assessment and redesign of a groundwater quality monitoring network using entropy theory, Gaza Strip, Palestine

Using entropy theory, a methodology was developed for the evaluation and redesign of groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip in Palestine. Essential to the methodology is the development of a Transinformation Model (TM) which yields the amount of information transfer and the dependency between the wells as a function of distance. The TM parameters, such as the minimum transinformation and the range, were employed for evaluating the network which revealed that most of the distances between wells were less than the range. It also indicated that a high percentage of redundant information existed in the network. Therefore, the network was reduced by superimposing a square pattern over the monitored area and selecting one well per square block in a stratified pattern. The methodology was tested using the chloride data collected from 1972–2000 from 417 groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip. The number of the groundwater quality monitoring wells in the Gaza Strip was reduced by 53%, while there was 26% redundant information based on the minimum existing distance between wells. This methodology is meant to help monitor the groundwater quality (salinity) in the Gaza Strip.     

葛洲坝水利枢纽运行后泥沙冲淤变化分析

对葛洲坝水利枢纽及其运行情况和河段特性进行了介绍。分析认为葛洲坝水利枢纽运行前后的入库水沙特性基本一致。探讨了库区冲淤变化特点、淤积量及其分布,冲淤过程及达到冲淤平衡的时间。对坝下游河床的冲淤过程、冲淤量、达到冲淤平衡的时间以及河床粗化,河底高程历年变化及同流量水位降低的原因、降低量及变化过程进行了分析总结。研究结果可为进一步探讨三峡水利枢纽与葛洲坝水利枢纽联合调度运用后水库泥沙淤积变化规律提供参考。     

引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的研究

依据引黄水在北大港水库蓄存期水质咸化的事实以及传质理论,定性地分析了引黄水水质咸化的主要原因,包括盐碱土传质作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及风的扰动加速传质作用等.在北大港水库旁修建了一个模拟试验水池,进行了现场模拟试验研究.依据水量平衡和氯离子总量平衡的原理,分别定量地计算了传质作用和蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重.结果表明,在模拟水池蓄水后的30 d内,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重有随时间增加而增长的趋势;30 d后,传质作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在80%,蒸发浓缩作用对水质咸化影响的比重稳定在20%,说明导致水质咸化的最主要因素是盐碱土传质作用.     

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking: a comparison between analytical linear orbit perturbation theory and numerical integration

Low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking (ll-SST) range-rate observations have been predicted by two methods: one based on a linear perturbation theory in combination with the Hill equations, and one based on solving the equations of motion of two low-flying satellites by numerical integration. The two methods produce almost equivalent Fourier spectra of the range-rate observations after properly taking into account a few resonant terms. For a typical GRACE-type configuration, where the two satellites trail each other at a distance of 300 km at an altitude of 460 km, and in the presence of the EGM96 gravity field model, complete to spherical harmonic degree and order 70, the agreement between the Fourier spectra is about 1 mm/s compared to a root-mean-square (RMS) value of more than 220 mm/s for the range-rate signal. The discrepancy of 1 mm/s can be reduced significantly when not taking into account perturbations caused by the J₂ term. Excluding the J₂ term, the agreement between the two methods improves to 0.4 mm/s compared to a RMS value of 6 mm/s for the range-rate signal. These values are 0.01 and 2.3 mm/s when ignoring the spectrum for frequencies below two cycles per orbital revolution, reducing the discrepancy even further to about 0.5% of the signal. The selected linear perturbation theory is thus capable of modeling gravity field induced range-rate observations with very high precision for a large part of the spectrum.     

神头泉流量变化规律研究--灰色系统理论的具体应用

在分析神头泉流量衰减特征的前提下，利用灰色系统理论建立了描述神头泉流量变化规律的数学模型。以1985年为界，神头泉的流量变化过程可分为两个阶段，GM（1，1）模型与灰色预测校正模型则分别用于对这两个阶段的流量变化特征进行刻画。神头泉2000－2004年的流量预测值表明，在神头泉域保证90年代中期的高降水量和朔州市各地下水用户对泉域内的地下水不进行超采的基础上，神头泉的流量在未来的一段时间内会维持1993年以来的增长趋势。     

Relation of the Wave-Propagation Metric Tensor to the Curvatures of the Slowness and Ray-Velocity Surfaces

The contravariant components of the wave-propagation metric tensor equal half the second-order partial derivatives of the selected eigenvalue of the Christoffel matrix with respect to the slowness-vector components. The relations of the wave-propagation metric tensor to the curvature matrix and Gaussian curvature of the slowness surface and to the curvature matrix and Gaussian curvature of the ray-velocity surface are demonstrated with the help of ray-centred coordinates.     

河北省粮食生产灰色关联动态分析

根据 194 9～ 1998年各县 (市 )的统计资料 ,分析了河北省近 5 0年粮食生产的变化历程和空间差异 ,运用灰色系统理论对影响河北省粮食生产的诸因素进行关联动态分析 ,量化了粮食总产量与诸因子的关联程度 ,指出粮食单产、有效灌溉面积和粮食播种面积是影响河北省粮食生产的最重要因素 ,并提出了实现河北省粮食生产可持续发展的基本途径 ,为今后河北省农业可持续发展提供了参考依据     

区位进入理论与企业集团的国际化扩张——以海尔集团为例

中国企业集团是改革开放以后出现的大型企业组织 ,在经济全球化的背景下 ,研究其国际化扩张具有重大现实意义。本文在详细介绍Hayter的国际企业区位进入理论的基础上 ,以海尔集团为例 ,分析了企业集团的国际化扩张过程 ;其次 ,分析了海尔集团所具有的进入优势以及所面临的空间进入壁垒。海尔集团所具有的进入优势有管理与文化优势、技术创新优势、产品质量优势、营销优势 ,但还面临着心理距离、企业规模小以及东道国政策的限制等空间壁垒。最后 ,提出了有关企业集团国际化扩张的一些对策。     

新时期我国区域经济地理学发展问题初探

我国新时期的区域经济地理学在取得全面发展的同时，在理论体系，研究方法和实践领域等方面还需要进一步的发展，文章根据学习和实践区域经济地理学的体会，初步提出基础理论和应用理论，思维方法和技术方法等方面发展见解，并指出区域创新系统和国际经济技术合作等学科应注意拓展的重要实践领域，最后提出我国区域经济地理学科发展的建议。     

改进的灰色模型在中国能源消费及其CO2排放预测中的研究

中国高速的经济发展导致了快速的能源消费和地球温暖化气体的排放量。本文应用灰色理论建立了中国的终端能源消费量的动态预测模型，同时应用等维递补及带有马尔科夫链符号估计的残差修正，对原始模型进行了改进。后验检验的结果证明了改进的预测模型具有较高的计算精度。预测结果表明，两种经济发展情况（高速及低速）下，从2000年到2030年期间的终端能源消费量的平均增长率将分别达到3．06％和2．18％，2030年CO2 的排放量将分别达到2000年的 2． 15及 1．60倍。其中工业及居民生活的能源消费量的增加速度快于其他部门。这表明了中国将要加快其工业化及都市化的进程．终端消费中，煤炭的消费量所占的比例将要逐年减少，而电力的比例则将逐年增大。