地球岩石中稀有气体研究进展

简要回顾了90年代以前在地球岩石稀有气体研究领域取得的成果,总结了90年代以来该领域的最新成就,最后指出了存在的问题。     

我国不同赋存状态烃类气体的研究现状与展望

不同赋存状态烃类气体（包括游离的天然气、吸附气、酸解气、水溶气和油溶气）研究对于烃源岩评价、天然气成因判识、油气复合关系研究，油气源对比和油气勘探均具有十分重要的理论和应用价值。我国经过“六五”、“七五”和“八五”期间组织天然气地学攻关，在该领域内取得了较大进展。综述了我国不同赋存状态烃类气体的研究现状，分析了研究中存在的几个问题，并展望了其理论和应用前景。     

DEVELOPMENT OF THE 2-D COUPLED STRATOSPHERIC-TROPOSPHERIC DYNAMICAL-RADIATIVE-CHEMICAL MODEL—PART Ⅰ:THE DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL AND ITS PRELIMINARY RESULTS

In this paper,a two-dimensional(2-D)coupled stratospheric-tropospheric dynamical-radiative-chemical model has been developed,and some preliminary results have been given.From theseresults we can see that the latitude-height distribution characteristics and the seasonal variation ofthe dynamical fields such as atmospheric temperature,wind field,etc.can be effectively simulatedby using this model;and the modelled latitude-height distribution of trace gases gives theirdistribution characteristics and seasonal variation rather well.All of these are testimony to thestrong ability of the model.     

Noble gas systematics of deep rift zone glasses from Loihi Seamount, Hawaii

We report new noble gas fusion and crushing data for six pillow rim glasses, recovered between 3 and 5 km water depth on the south rift zone of Loihi Seamount, Hawaii. Helium abundances of the glasses vary from 0.3 to 2.3 μcc/g, with ⁴He/³He ratios between 30000 and 27000 (24–27 R_A), similar to previously reported values. The neon data form a correlation line which is similar to the Loihi-Kilauea line reported by Honda et al. [1], but extends to much higher ratios, up to 12.9 and 0.0382 for the ²⁰Ne/²²Ne and ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratios, respectively. This provides conclusive evidence for the suggestion that the Hawaiian plume, thought to originate in the lower mantle, has a solar-like ²⁰Ne/²²Ne composition [1], but a slightly higher ²¹Ne/²²Ne ratio. ⁴⁰Ar/³⁶Ar ratios of the deep rift-zone glasses are as high as 2600, and show a positive correlation with neon isotopic ratios. In contrast to neon and argon, all xenon isotopic compositions are isotopically indistinguishable from air, which either suggests preferential atmospheric contamination of xenon, or could indicate an atmospheric xenon isotopic composition for the lower mantle.     

Material sources of escaped gases from Tianchi volcanic geothermal area, Changbai Mountains

On the basis of the chemical components and stable isotopic compositions of escaped gases from the Tianchi volcanic geothermal area, the material sources of these gases are discussed, presenting that they are mainly derived from the residual mantle-derived magma in the crust; Changbai geothermal area may be directly interlinked with the eruption canal in history; there is a stable reservoir of the geothermal water and the deep-seated gases under the Changbai geothermal area, with water temperature of the reservoir being about (166 ± 9)°C. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China.     

Relationships between atmospheric circulation patterns and co2 greenhouse-gas concentration levels in the alpine troposphere

Middle tropospheric CO₂ air concentrations, measured during a four year observation period at an Alpine Station (Plateau Rosa, Italian North-West Alps, 3480 m a.s.l.), have been correlated with the relevant synoptic air trajectories crossing the observation site. Meaningful relationships have been found among average curvature, altitude and potential temperature of clusters of homogeneous trajectories and their related CO₂ concentrations measured at Plateau Rosà, allowing an objective identification of weather conditions giving rise to fully mixed air masses corresponding to background atmospheric CO₂ levels. Air trajectories were calculated by using the wind speed fields provided by the ECMWF objective analysis. As during the analysis period a change of the ECMWF model resolution occurred (from T106 to T213), the study was also carried out in the sub-periods respectively preceding and following this change (in September 1991). Even if some features of the wind field turned out to be statistically different in the two sub-periods, nevertheless the differences on the trajectory patterns were small enough to keep almost unchanged all conclusions drawn for the whole four-year period.     

海平面变化对全球变化的响应

工业革命以来，全球海平面有了较大幅度的升高，这是由于工业革命促进了温室气体的产生。黄东海大陆架也出现了大规模的海侵。相对海平面上升引起海岸侵蚀、盐水入侵、地下水位上升、红树木枯竭、内陆咸化加剧、风暴潮增加等环境问题，成为当今国际科学界研究的热点。     

中国海洋生物地球化学研究进展(1998-2002)

综述了1998年以来中国海洋生物地球化学研究的主要进展。从河口和近岸海域生源要素、重金属、同位素、有机污染物、有机地球化学和温室气体等6个方面对4a来我国在海洋生物地球化学研究领域的主要成果和最新进展进行了概括和评述。     

二氧化碳含量变化对海水碳酸盐系统的影响 1．大气CO_2含量变化及海水碳酸盐系统缓冲能力探讨

作者根据Ｋｅｅｌｉｎｇ等人提出的１９７０～１９８８年大气ＣＯ２含量随时间变比进行统计，指出大气ＣＯ２含量按指数变化递增。据此．对近年大气ＣＯ２含量进行预测，到２０５０年时将增至４５４×１０－６，较目前增加约３０％。由于大气ＣＯ２分压上升，导致ＣＯ２向海洋转移、作者采用Ｌｉ提出的指数变化模式，以Ｈｏｌｌａｎｄ给出的海水中无机碳逗留时间８．０×１０４年代入计算。到２０５０年时，海水碳酸盐系统仅可容纳来自大气的ＣＯ２１．１×１０１０ｔ。因此必须引起人们控制ＣＯ２向大气的排放。鉴于计算过程中未考虑海水有机生物体的影响及颗粒ＣａＣＯ３对缓冲ＣＯ２所作贡献，因此，实际情况会好于本文计算结果。     

Genetic classification of natural gases in the Bozhong Depression, Bohai Bay, China

The geochemical characteristics of natural gases discovered in the Bozhong Depression are systematically described in this paper. The natural gases are composed mainly of hydrocarbon gases. Natural gases occurring in the Paleogene and older reservoirs are wet gases, whereas those in the Neogene reservoirs are dry gases. Methane and ethane in the gases are significantly different in carbon isotopic composition. The methane carbon isotopic composition of the gases in structure BZ28-1 and the ethane carbon isotopic composition of the gases in structure QHD30-1 are characterized by the heaviest values, respectively. The natural gases are in the mature to highly mature stages. The hydrocarbon gases are of organic origin and can be classified as oil-type gases, coal-derived gases and mixed gases with the third one accounting for the major portion.