Dynamic soil–structure interaction analysis via coupled finite-element–boundary-element method

In this paper, a study on the transient response of an elastic structure embedded in a homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic half-plane is presented. Transient dynamic and seismic forces are considered in the analysis. The numerical method employed is the coupled Finite-Element–Boundary-Element technique (FE–BE). The finite element method (FEM) is used for discretization of the near field and the boundary element method (BEM) is employed to model the semi-infinite far field. These two methods are coupled through equilibrium and compatibility conditions at the soil–structure interface. Effects of non-zero initial conditions due to the pre-dynamic loads and/or self-weight of the structure are included in the transient boundary element formulation. Hence, it is possible to analyse practical cases (such as dam–foundation systems) involving initial conditions due to the pre-seismic loads such as water pressure and self-weight of the dam. As an application of the proposed formulation, a gravity dam has been analysed and the results for different foundation stiffness are presented. The results of the analysis indicate the importance of including the foundation stiffness and thus the dam–foundation interaction.     

Structure of Réunion Island (Indian Ocean) inferred from the interpretation of gravity anomalies

Réunion is a volcanic edifice whose origin is related to a hot spot in the Indian Ocean. Only 3% of its volume is emergent. Many geological and geophysical studies were carried out on Réunion Island during the 1980's but few of them allow study of the internal structure of the edifice. Several gravity surveys have been carried out on the island since 1976 and we have compiled the available data set. The lack of data on the western side of the island led us to conduct a regional survey in 1993 to obtain a more homogeneous distribution of the stations. Computation of Bouguer anomalies for different correction densities accounts for the variable density of the rocks constituting the edifice and provides a distribution of gravity anomalies interpreted as dense bodies of intrusive rocks inside the edifice. Two very large intrusive complexes can be unambiguously recognised: one beneath Piton des Neiges and one beneath the Grand Brûlé area. Both have been penetrated by geothermal exploration drill holes and the first is also known from outcrop observations. 2.5D simple models were constructed to reveal the geometry and extent of the buried intrusives. They are deeply rooted, extending several kilometres below sea level, and extensive (20–25 km long and 10–13 km wide for the Piton des Neiges complex, 12–15 km long and some kilometres wide for the Grand Brûlé complex). The development of such complexes implies that the activity of the two volcanic centres was long lasting and remained stable while the volcanoes were growing. The Grand Brûlé complex has been interpreted as relics of an old volcano named Alizés Volcano. The interpretation of the gravity maps suggests the presence of a ridge of dense rocks to the North of the axis joining the centres of Piton des Neiges and Piton de la Fournaise volcanoes. By analogy with the other structures, 2.5D models show that this structure would culminate between 0 and 1 km below sea level and be 15 km wide. This complex induces a maximum anomaly in Takamaka Valley and we thus propose to name it Takamaka Volcano. No geological evidence of the nature of these dense rocks is available but the ridge coincides with structures revealed by magnetic and seismic data. Interpretation of the Bouguer anomaly maps suggests that the inner gravity structure of Piton de la Fournaise is not characterised by the presence of a voluminous dense body but probably by more restricted concentrations of dense rocks. Some structures can be recognised: along the present NE and SE rift zones and in the previous central part of Piton de la Fournaise to the West of the present summit. The recent eastward migration of the centre of activity of Piton de la Fournaise accounts for the lack of a large positive anomaly beneath the active craters.     

用超导重力仪的潮汐观测资料研究海潮模型

系统研究了潮汐观测资料中海潮模型的适应性问题,用基于数值离散褶积积分方法获得的海潮负荷对武昌超导重务仪观测资料作负荷改正。结果说明,海潮负荷改正后的重力场观测残差大大降低了,与理论潮汐参数模型相比,８个主要潮流的平均振幅因子由改正前的１．３８％降至０．１３％和０．２６％。     

气象用重力加速度计算方法的研究

发现使用了几十年的《气象常用表》重力计算公式有较大的误差;对ＷＭＯ推荐的气象用重力计算公式进行了讨论,指出公式中对Ｈ’的定义是错误的;实例验证证明用布格修正法获得的重力值可以满足气压观测的准确度要求。最后提出了３点建议。     

长江中下游降水异常特征及其与全国降水和气温异常的关系

利用１９５１－１９９８年中国１６０站逐月降水和气温资料,分析了长江中下游降水异常的基本特征,并着重分析了它与全国其他地区降水和气温异常的关系。结果表明：长江中下游降水异常有明显的季节,年际和年代际变化特征、６－７月降水异常程度大,频数多,以７月为最;在近４８年中,该地区的降水异常表现为３个明显不同的气候时段,可选出１０个涝年和８个旱年。     

Key signatures of turbidite and sandy debris and core examples in Liaohe Basin

Gravity flow is a widely-distributed fluid type in nature. Various classification schemes of gravity flow are proposed by different researchers from different viewpoints. The scheme of turbidity flow and debris flow is adopted in this paper. The sedimentary characteristics of turbidite and sandy debrite are summarized and discussed to clarify most typical facies marks of these two rock types. The study shows that turbidite and sandy debris can be identified by the following typical characteristics during the outcrop and core observation: If the graded bedding is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as turbidite;if the muddy rip-up clast or no bedding structure(massive sandstone)is developed in sandstone,it should be identified as sandy debris. These characteristics are the most reliable signatures to distinguish turbidite and sandy debris. In addition,some other sedimentary structures such as deformation bedding,climbing ripple cross bedding,wavy bedding,parallel bedding,scouring surface,lithologic abrupt interface,and flute cast also have certain indicative significance. It is necessary to make a comprehensive judgment based on the sedimentary background,vertical combination of lithofacies,geophysics and other materials when these characteristics are presented in the study.     

新郑矿区地温异常成因探讨

新郑矿区地温场具有高热流,高地温梯度的特点。其地温异常与深部地壳活动无关,是本区特殊的地质构造所导致局部聚热与水文地质条件所控制的相对高温热水向上运移两种作用叠另的结果。     

Barium Anomaly and Its Geochemical Significance

１．Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｍｕｌｔｉｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｄｉａｇｒａｍｓａｒｅｖｅｒｙｕｓｅｆｕｌｉｎｔｈｅｇｅｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｔｕｄｙ．ＯｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｍｉｓｔｈｅＰｅａｒｃｅｄｉａｇｒａｍ,ｔｈｅＭＯＲＢｎｏｒｍａｌｉｚｅｄｍｕｌｔｉｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｄｉａｇｒａｍｇｉｖｅｎｂｙＰｅａｒｃｅ（１９８３）．ＴｈｉｓｄｉａｇｒａｍｓｈｏｗｓｔｈｅｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｄｅｐｌｅｔｉｏｎｓｏｆＨＦＳｅｌｅｍｅｎｔｓＮｂ,ＴｉａｎｄＰ．Ｉｎａｄｄｉｔｉｏｎ,ｔｈｅ…     

云南地区波速比异常图像的南北差异

动态追踪了云南地区第4 强震活跃期6 .3 级以上强震前波速比异常图像,显示出明显的南北差异:滇西南的1988 年11 月6 日澜沧- 耿马7 .6 、7 . 2 级和1993 年1 月27 日普洱6 .3 级强震发生在低波速比异常区内; 中缅边境上的1992 年4 月23 日6 .7 、6 .8 级和1995 年7 月12 日孟连西7 .2 级强震发生在低波速比异常区边缘;而滇西北的1996 年2 月3 日丽江7 .0 级、1976 年11 月7 日、12 月14 日宁蒗6 .7 、6 .4 级和滇东的1995 年10 月24 日武定6 .5 级强震却都发生在高波速比异常区内.强震前近震震级 ML 与持续时间震级 MD 的震级差的南北差异也进一步证实了波速比异常的差别.     

聊古一井氦异常与地震的关系

处理了聊古一井1981 ～1984 年氦的观测资料,发现在两次较近的地震(1981 年宁晋MS5 .8 和1983 年菏泽MS5 .9) 前,氦都有明显的形态相似的异常变化.