托木尔峰南麓碎屑物的演化特征

本文在野外实地考察和前人工作的基础上，通过对托木尔峰南麓地区冰碛物（冰水沉积物）、河流砂、沙丘砂及黄土（土壤）的矿物成分、化学成分和微量元素的分析，探讨了该地区碎屑物的演化特征。     

海拉尔盆地盐湖的形成自然环境

本文根据野外考察和室内研究，总结了海拉尔盆地盐湖的概况、盐类矿物组成、水化学成分和盐湖的形成自然环境；探讨碳酸盐型盐湖和形成条件和天然碱的成因机理．     

淮南矿区浅部含水层K与水化学成分的相关性

利用单孔抽水及水位恢复试验资料，求出了矿区多处浅部松散含水层渗透系数Ｋ值，分析研究了Ｋ值与各种取样点浅层地下水化学成分之间的相关性及其形成机理，为矿区防治水及浅层地下水资源的开发利用提供了依据。     

秦陵兵马俑的矿物彩绘

秦始皇陵的殉葬品—兵马俑(陶俑和陶马),身上原都绘有鲜艳的颜色,尽管现已脱落,但颜色本身未变,在脱落的层片上仍新鲜可见。本文作者利用发射光谱、X 射线衍射、红外光谱和电子显微镜等分析测试手段,对这种彩绘的成分及其耐久性问题进行了研究。认为兵马俑的彩绘成分均为天然矿物及其简单的产品,这也正是其耐久性能好的根本原因。     

The Principles for Discrimination of the Source Composition of Mantle-Derived Igneous Rocks and the Nature of the Mantle Source Region of the Emeishan Basalts

This paper discusses the discrimination principles. deduction and methods for probing into the source composition of mantle-derived magma. The magmatophile (incompatible) source elements are not all optimal tracers for mantle source composition. The ratios of two strong magmatophile elements (D<1) or the ratios of two trace elements with the same D value are not controlled by the formation mode and evolution degree of a magma, but maintain the characteristics of their composition in mantle source region prior to the magma formation. The ratios are related to different mantle-crust structures and dynamics. The mantle source composition of the Emeishan Basalt series is similar to that of the South Atlantic Rio Grande Rise-Walvis Ridge Basalts and Brazil continental-margin basalts. This may indicate that these basalt series might have similar source regions and tectonic environments.     

应急地理信息集成建模框架技术研究

为了实现快速地分析处理应急测绘地理信息数据,往往需要对不同模型进行集成建模,提出了面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架,并对其关键技术展开研究。该框架基于案例驱动进行空间集成建模,以服务链形式自动化分析处理应急测绘数据。此外,还提供应急测绘模型耦合校验方法,保证组合方案的可执行性和稳定性。最后以济南市化工厂危化品泄露应急分析原型系统为例,在可计算应急测绘案例库的驱动下,面向应急测绘的空间集成建模框架可以高效地进行应急空间信息服务组合。提出了基于案例驱动的空间信息服务组合方法,实现了组合方案的快速构建。     

Mineralogy of Asteroid 1459 Magnya and implications for its origin

Detailed near-infrared spectral observations of Asteroid 1459 Magnya reveal an asteroid that is primarily composed of pyroxene and plagioclase feldspar, confirming earlier suggestions that Magnya has a basaltic composition. The average Magnya spectrum for March 23, 2002 has a Band I center of 0.926 μm and a Band II center of 1.938 μm. Observations over  hours show little variation in band center positions. The feldspar-to-pyroxene ratio is ∼0.6 on Magnya's surface. Comparing Magnya with the spectral parameters from 4 Vesta shows discordant pyroxene chemistries; Magnya's pyroxenes contain ∼10 mol% less Fs than Vesta's pyroxenes. This suggests that Magnya originated from a parent body other than 4 Vesta and that its progenitor formed in a more chemically reduced region of the solar nebula within the asteroid belt.     

Natural tracers in recent groundwaters from different Alpine aquifers

Groundwater with underground residence times between days and a few years have been investigated over more than 20 years from 487 remote sites located in different aquifer types in the Alpine belt. Analysis of the data reveals that groundwaters evolved in crystalline, evaporite, carbonate, molasse, and flysch aquifers can be clearly distinguished based on their major and trace element composition and degree of mineralisation. A further subdivision can be made even within one aquifer type based on the trace element compositions, which are characteristic for the lithologic environment. Major and trace element concentrations can be quantitatively described by interaction of the groundwater with the aquifer-specific mineralogy along the flow path. Because all investigated sites show minimal anthropogenic influences, the observed concentration ranges represent the natural background concentrations and can thus serve as a geo-reference for recent groundwaters from these five aquifer types. This geo-reference is particularly useful for the identification of groundwater contamination. It further shows that drinking water standards can be grossly exceeded for critical elements by purely natural processes.

---

Resumen Durnate más de 20 años se ha investigado aguas subterráneas con una residencia subterránea con una duración de días a varios años en 487 puntos remotos localizados en diferentes tipos de acuíferos en la cadena alpina. El análisis de los datos revela que las aguas subterráneas que han evolucionado dentro de acuíferos cristalinos, evaporíticos, carbonatos, flysch, y molasse se pueden distignuir claramente en base a la composición de sus elementos mayores y marcadores y al grado de minerlización. Asimismo es posible hacer una subdivisión más específica incluso dentro de un tipo de acuífero en base a las composiciones de los elementos marcadores los cuales soncaracterísticos del ambiente litológico. Las concentraciones de los elementos marcadores se pueden describir cuantitativamente por la interacción de las aguas subterráneas con la mineralogía específica del acuífero a lo largo del trayecto del flujo. Puesto qze todos los puntos investigados muestran mínimas influencias antropogénicas, los rangos deconcentraciones observados representan las concentraciones delescenario natural y, por tanto, pueden servir como georeferencia para aguas subterráneas recientes que forman parte de estos cinco tipos de acuíferos. Esta georeferencia es particularmente útil para la identificcación de contaminación de aguas subterráneas. Asimismo muestra que los estándares de agua potable pueden mostrar excesos en elementos críticos por procesos puramente naturales.

---

Résumé Leau souterraine ayant résidé sous la surface du sol entre quelques jours et quelques années a été étudiée sur une période de plus de 20 ans à partir de 487 sites éloignés situés dans différents types daquifères de la ceinture alpine. Lanalyse des données révèle que leau qui a évoluée dans des aquifères cristallins, évaporitiques, carbonatés, molassiques et composés de flysch, peut être facilement différenciée sur la base de sa composition en éléments majeurs et traces, ainsi que par son degré de minéralisation. Une subdivision supplémentaire peut être apportée à lintérieur même dun type daquifère en se basant sur la composition des éléments traces, lesquels sont caractéristiques de lenvironnement lithologique. La concentration en éléments majeurs et traces peut être expliquée quantitativement par linteraction de leau souterraine avec la composition minéralogique spécifique de laquifère le long des lignes découlement. Puisque la majorité des sites étudiés ne montrent que très peu dinfluences anthropogéniques, le registre de concentrations observées représente la concentration de fond naturelle et peut ainsi servir comme géo-référence pour les eaux souterraines récentes dans ces cinq types daquifères. Ces géo-références sont particulièrement utiles pour lidentification de la contamination des eaux souterraines. Par ailleurs, cela démontre que les standards deau potable peuvent être excédés pour certains éléments en raison de processus purement naturels.

     

山东昌乐-临朐火山岩流体包裹体成分研究及其意义

山东昌乐-临朐地区火山岩内的橄榄石和辉石中舍有大量的流体包裹体,流体来源于地幔。采用激光拉曼光谱技术对部分火山岩流体包裹体样品进行分析,获得了包裹体中挥发分的成分和相对含量。结果表明,该区岩浆中舍有大量的CO2和水,CO2是气相包裹体中的主要成分。同时在包裹体内存在H2、CO、H2S、CH4等还原性气体,说明流体来源于还原环境。此外,少量低碳烷烃的出现为天然气无机成因提供了证据。     

Correlation between microbiological and chemical parameters of some hydrothermal springs in New Mexico, USA

Discharge areas of hydrothermal springs are known to be inhabited by diverse types of microorganisms including archaea, prokaryotes and eukaryotes. A total of 11 hydrothermal samples from the Rio Grande rift and the Valles caldera in New Mexico were analyzed to investigate the correlation between chemical and microbiological parameters of hydrothermal waters. The sampled fluids are categorized into three chemical groups: (I) steam-condensing acid sulfate waters, (II) deep geothermal and derivative waters and (III) thermal meteoric waters. Analyses of the microbial phospholipid fatty acids and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of DNA show that acid sulfate waters were populated by thermoacidophilic organisms and had high biomass content. Mineralized deep geothermal and derivative waters exhibited a high degree of microbial diversity, but had low biomass content. Thermal meteoric waters are low in total dissolved solids, and exhibit very low biomass content and microbial diversity. DNA sequences from several previously unknown microbial species were detected. The results of this study support the hypothesis that microbes can be used as tracers for specific types of subsurface environments.