一种基于用户异步轨迹的身份识别智能方法

针对传统的轨迹身份识别存在的特征选择主观性强、精度有限等问题,本文提出了一种融合双向循环神经网络模型(ConvGRU-Bidir)。首先采用一维卷积和一维池化压缩轨迹数据,提取高维特征;然后采用双向GRU,分别从时间正序和时间逆序学习轨迹特征,最终实现用户身份ID识别。研究采用GeoLife轨迹数据集,来自122名用户的10837个轨迹样本参与模型训练及测试。结果表明,本文提出的模型对于异步轨迹数据的身份识别精度达97.28%,相比现有方法精度至少提高30%,由此证明了深度学习在此类问题上的可行性和有效性。     

Observations on fabric evolution to a common micromechanical state at the soil-structure interface

The fabric plays an important role in the mechanical behavior of granular material. The aim of this paper is to investigate the evolution of fabric in a soil-structure interface (SSI) to a large shearing in an effort to clarify whether and how this form of fabric evolution can lead to a common microstructure. Using the discrete element method (DEM), two-dimensional (2D) numerical interface shear tests were carried out, and certain macromechanical and micromechanical properties were exploited. All samples exhibited prominently localized strain in a zone covering the structure's surface (named the localized zone), and much lower density and higher soil fabric anisotropy levels were found inside this zone than outside it. Disregarding different initial void ratios, a common critical state microstructure was observed in large shear deformations of soil samples, with essentially the same fabric arrangement in terms of contact orientation and internal force transmission. Due to the systematic forming, buckling, and collapsing of force chains, an angular zone (called an α -zone), in which contact density was sluggish to varying degrees, appeared and extended around the main direction of the distribution of contact orientation inside the localized zone. The gradual deterioration of the force chains' stability, as a result of an increasing void ratio, seemed to drive the α -zone's extension and lead to the rare variation of microstructures in the critical state.     

Hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface water and sediment pore water in seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake,Iran

Study of interactions between surface-water and pore-water in lakes is complicated due to spatio-temporal heterogeneities in flow condition across the sediment–water interface. In this study, seasonal hypersaline Maharlu Lake was investigated by collecting surface-water and pore-water samples from four nests of multilevel piezometers installed at different distances from the inflow of rivers to the lake. The hydraulic heads in the piezometers as well as vertical profiles of Mg⁺², Na/Cl, and Br/Cl were used to investigate both hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface-water and pore-water in the lake. Depletion of lake surface water and pore water with respect to B, Br, Li⁺, K⁺, Mg²⁺ and the absence of Mg-K chlorides and sulphates in the lake bed sediments is probably due to leakage of highly evaporated residual brine from the lake. Hydraulic gradients in the multilevel piezometric nests indicate that a general downward flow from surface-water to pore-water occurs across sediment–water interface. Vertical profiles of Br/Cl, Mg²⁺, and Na/Cl showed that the maximum flow rate was more than 1 m/yr close to the mouth of the inflowing rivers. The downward vertical flow was limited in the area far from the inflowing rivers due to the presence of an impermeable confining halite layer which interrupts the hydraulic connection between shallow pore water (less than 50 cm deep) and deeper zones. The hydraulic and geochemical interactions between surface-water and pore-water across sediment–water interface in the Maharlu Lake are of interest to find out the fate of pollutants and their distribution in the lake.     

A two-mechanism soil–structure interface model for three-dimensional cyclic loading

A three-dimensional (3D) soil–structure interface model is proposed within the two-mechanism constitutive theory and bounding surface theory originally established for soils. The proposed model has two main characteristics: first, the model is formulated based on two different and superposed deformation mechanisms. The first mechanism is due to the stress ratio increment, and the second is due to the normal stress increment. Each mechanism induces a shear strain component and a normal strain component. The proposed model can be reduced to the conventional single-mechanism interface model. Second, the plastic modulus and stress dilatancy are defined using the bounding surface theory. The plastic flow rule under cyclic loading is modified and assumed to be dependent on both the stress state of the mapping point and the stress reversal loading direction. The proposed model was validated against the available 3D interface tests and was found to satisfactorily reflect the salient features of the interfaces under monotonic and cyclic loading paths with different normal boundaries. The problem in which the elastic normal stiffness in conventional single-mechanism interface models is often underestimated to enhance the simulation performance under varying normal stress conditions is solved by incorporating the second mechanism. And the effect of the second mechanism on the modeling behavior is discussed. The modified plastic flow direction accurately simulates the 3D cyclic shear response, and the difference between the model simulation and test result increases with the number of cycles by use of the plastic flow direction defined in conventional bounding surface theory.     

Response of circular tunnel with imperfect interface bonding in layered ground subjected to obliquely incident plane P or SV wave

A semianalytical procedure is proposed for evaluating the internal forces of circular tunnel with imperfect interface bonding in layered ground subjected to an obliquely incident plane P or SV wave. In this study, the hoop bending moment and hoop axial force are related to the free‐field responses of the ground. A one‐dimensional numerical approach is firstly presented to obtain the free‐field responses of a layered half‐space with an obliquely incident plane P or SV wave propagation. Then, the free‐field stress state is transformed and decomposed in the polar coordinate system. The internal forces of tunnel caused by the isotropic stress state and the pure shear state are calculated and then summed up to obtain the overall analytical solutions. Finally, the validity of the proposed semianalytical procedure is demonstrated by numerical examples.     

A semianalytical solution for one-dimensional transient wave propagation in a saturated single-layer porous medium with a fluid surface layer

One-dimensional transient wave propagation in a saturated single-layer porous medium with a fluid surface layer is studied in this paper. An analytical solution for a special case with a dynamic permeability coefficient k_f → ∞ and a semianalytical solution for a general case with an arbitrary dynamic permeability coefficient are presented. The eigenfunction expansion and precise time step integration methods are employed. The solution is presented in series form, and thus, the long-term dynamic responses of saturated porous media with small permeability coefficients can be easily computed. We first transform the nonhomogeneous boundary conditions into homogeneous boundary conditions, and then we obtain the eigenvalues and orthogonal eigenfunctions of the fluid–solid system. Finally, the solutions in the time domain are developed. As the model is one dimensional, geometric attenuation is absent, and only the attenuation in the saturated porous medium is considered. We can apply this model to analyse the influences of different seabed types on the propagation of acoustic waves in the fluid layer, which is very important in ocean acoustics and ocean seismic. This solution can also be employed to validate the accuracies of various numerical methods.     

Geochemical characterization of the organic matter, pore water constituents and shallow methane gas in the eastern part of the Ulleung Basin, East Sea (Japan Sea)

Abstract Geochemical analyses of sediments, pore water and headspace gas of the piston cores taken from the eastern part of Ulleung Basin of the East Sea (Japan Sea) were carried out to assess the origin of the sedimentary organic matter and interstitial fluid. Several tephra layers within the core are identified as the Ulleung‐Oki (10.1 ka), the Aira‐Tanzawa (23 ka) and the Ulleung‐Yamato (30.9 ka) tephras. With the exception of these volcanic layers, the cores consist predominantly of muddy sediments that contain >0.5% total organic carbon. Atomic C/N ratios and δ¹³C_org values suggest that the organic matter originated from marine algae rather than from land vascular plants, whereas Rock‐Eval pyrolysis suggests that the organic matter is thermally immature and comes from a land vascular plant (Type III). These conflicting results seem to be caused by the heavy oxidization of the marine organic matter. Sulphate concentration profiles of pore waters show strongly linear depletion (r² > 0.97) with sediment depth. The estimated sulphate–methane interface (SMI) depth using the sulphate concentration gradient was nearly 3.5 m below seafloor (mbsf) in the southern part of the study area, and deeper than 6 mbsf in the northern part of the area. The difference in SMI depths is likely associated with the amount of the methane flux. The methane concentration below the SMI in the two southern cores increases rapidly, implying the occurrence of methanogenesis and anaerobic methane oxidation (AMO). In contrast, the two northern cores have a low methane concentration below the SMI. values measured from all cores were in the range of −83.5 to −69.5‰, which suggests that the methane derives from a methanogenic microbe. values become decreased toward SMI, but increased below SMI; therefore, has eventually the minimum value near the SMI. The values are also decreased when the methane concentration is increased. These phenomena support the typical occurrence of AMO in the study area.     

锦屏一级左岸垫座以下坝基地质缺陷初步评价

锦屏一级左岸垫座以下发育的不良地质单元,不仅破坏其岩体的完整性,而且可能导致建基面抗变形能力的不均匀性,以致对坝基岩体带来不良影响,危及拱坝安全。立足于坝基岩体质量环境,将垫座以下不良地质体划分为内倾顺层构造带,陡倾切层构造带,溶蚀裂隙带等三大综合缺陷类型,并阐述了各类缺陷的性状及其对坝基完整性、均匀性、变形性等方面的控制作用,分析了其典型声波曲线的波速量值及衰减特征。由此,按"轻度"、"中等"、"强烈"三个等级,定性的分区评价了各部位缺陷对坝基岩体的影响程度。着重认为f2断层附近,规模较大、间距较小、波速值低(2500-3500m·s-1)的内倾顺层构造带,不仅控制着岩体的抗剪性能,而且对坝基变形分异和基地应力分布存在"强烈"影响,应对其进行单独处理。     

回眸环境质量地球化学前期研究——纪念涂光炽先生九十华诞

1973年涂光炽先生预言:"七十年代环境科学和生命科学将异军突起"、"环境科学与地球化学的相互渗透,产生了新的边缘分支学科——环境地球化学"。近40年来,环境质量的地球化学研究经历了调查评价—区域综合—界面机理三个发展阶段,在典型区域环境演化及环境—生态效应方面取得了重要进展,并将在21世纪为人类谋求更多的福利。     

地-空界面上天然中子辐射场的数理模型

本文论述了地－空界面上天然宇宙中子流的来源;将天然中子按能量分为快中子组（En＞01MeV）与慢热中子组,建立了地－空界面上天然快中子流与慢热中子流粒子注量率随空间分布的数理方程.理论与实测结果相互验证表明：（1）地－空界面上天然中子流粒子注量率随距近地表高度的增加而呈指数规律减小;（2）地－空界面上天然中子流粒子注量率随海拨高程增加而呈指数规律增加;（3）地－空界面上上升中子流粒子注量率随地表介质含水率的增加而减少.