基于“天地图”的专题网站的用户体验研究——以永定旅游地图服务网为例

"天地图"是国家地理信息公共服务平台,基于该平台开发的专题地图网站已涉及1 000多个领域,但同一些商业地图网站相比,目前仍存在公众使用率不高等问题,而用户体验是提高这类网站满意度的重要举措。本文以基于天地图·永定平台开发的永定旅游地图服务网为例,探索了该类型地图网站用户体验的研究方法,提出了将定性与定量分析、共性与个性分析相结合的研究方法。     

导航电子地图自适应用户模型构建与匹配研究

多样化的数据内容和应用需求迫切需要建立导航电子地图内容自适应表达模型,进一步为用户提供个性化服务.本文以用户为中心,从用户需求的角度出发,通过分析用户的背景信息及其用图习惯等行为信息建立了导航电子地图内容自适应表达模型,并利用朴素贝叶斯算法进行模型匹配.研究并改进当前导航电子地图内容结构固化,模式单一的不足,为导航电子地图个性化发展提供一定的借鉴和指导.     

基于LBS的智能信息推送技术研究

随着时代的发展,LBS技术在人们日常生活中的作用越来越大,同时与信息推送技术的结合已成为一个必然的热点,本文在围绕LBS服务和智能信息推送的基础上,提出了一个基于位置的智能信息服务模式,它通过引入位置过滤模块、用户兴趣模型匹配、智能信息的分类模块,达到层层过滤的目的,同时结合反馈处理部分的修正功能来实时改进推送模型的精度,从而提高信息服务的质量和效率。     

Interface between fluid- and solid-like behaviour in rapid granular flows down bumpy inclines

Gravity-driven granular flows down bumpy inclined surfaces were investigated. The flows consist of a bottom region of an amorphous solid-like granular material interacting with a top region of rapidly agitated grains. Chou theoretically analysed these granular flows by employing the constitutive theory, the corresponding boundary conditions and the continuity conditions at the interface. By making use of Chou's model, the research work reported here investigated the effects of the inclination, coefficient of restitution and boundary geometry on the profiles of solid concentration, mean velocity and granular temperature. The direction of the energy flux at the bumpy surfaces, as well as the flow depth for both the active and passive layers were also observed. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于用户和卫星概略位置的信号传播时延估计

辅助长码直捕的一个最重要的先验信息是时间信息,卫星信号传播时延估计是减少时域搜索范围的一个重要方面。针对地面静止用户,给出了基于用户和卫星概略位置的卫星信号传播时延估计算法,并指出用户和卫星位置误差对传播时延的影响可以分离计算。数值计量考印,即使用户和卫星的位置误差均达到1000km,也能将传播时延不确定范围压缩一半。     

RECOGNITION OF A BIOFILM AT THE SEDIMENT–WATER INTERFACE OF AN ACID MINE DRAINAGE-CONTAMINATED STREAM,AND ITS ROLE IN CONTROLLING IRON FLUX

Material collected over a month on plates attached to the bed of the Afon Goch, Anglesey, a stream highly contaminated by acid mine drainage (AMD), was either examined intact by electron microscopy or suspended and cultured to reveal the presence of microbiota. Certain of the aerobic microbiota were identified, the genus Pseudomonas formed the commonest isolate and cultures of Serratia plymuthica were grown in order to compare the biofilms formed with the material collected in the Afon Goch. The material at the sediment–water interface of the Afon Goch was of similar underlying morphology to that of the cultured biofilms. However, the former had a superficial granular coating of equidimensional (60–100 nm) and evenly spaced iron rich particles (determined by X-ray microanalysis). The sediment–water interface of this AMD-contaminated stream is therefore best described as a highly contaminated biofilm. Evidence from previous work suggests that the streambed is active in iron removal from the water column. The intimate association of iron with microbiota at the streambed, therefore, implies that iron flux prediction may not be possible from physical and chemical data alone but requires knowledge of biofilm physiology and ecology. Microbially mediated metal precipitation, both by single bacteria and by biofilms, has been reported elsewhere but mass balance considerations suggest that this explanation cannot hold good for the large amounts of iron hydroxide depositing from waters of the prevalent pH and redox status. Filtered stream water analyses indicate the presence of colloidal iron hydroxide and also its removal downstream where ochreous (iron hydroxide rich) material accumulates. The process of iron immobilization is likely to be the attraction and physical trapping of colloidal iron hydroxide by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) which constitute the matrix of biofilms. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Groundwater,salt and contaminant transport in a coastal aquifer system with a low-permeability layer in the intertidal zone

Low-permeability layer (LPL), formed by natural deposit or artificial reclamation and commonly found below the intertidal zone of coastal groundwater system, can retard the ingress of seawater and contaminants, and shorten the travel time of the land-sourced contaminant to the marine environment compared with a homogenous sandy coastal aquifer. However, there is limited understanding on how an intertidal LPL, a condition occurred in a coastal aquifer at Moreton Bay, Australia, influences the groundwater and contaminant transport across the shallow beach aquifer system. We characterized the aquifer hydrological parameters, monitored the in situ groundwater heads, and constructed a 2-D numerical model to analyses the cross-shore hydrological processes in this stratified system. The calibrated model suggests that in the lower aquifer, the inland-source fresh groundwater flowed horizontally towards the sea, upwelled along the freshwater–saltwater interface, and exited the aquifer at the shore below the LPL. Whereas in the upper aquifer, the tidally driven seawater circulation formed a barrier that prevented fresh groundwater from horizontal transport and discharge to the beach above the LPL, thereby directing its leakage to the lower aquifer. A contaminant represented by a conservative tracer was ‘released’ the upper aquifer in the model and results showed that the spreading extent of the contaminant plume, the maximum rate of contaminant discharge to the ocean, and its plume length decreased compared with a simulation case in a homogenous sandy aquifer. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to investigate the characteristics of the LPL, including its continuity and hydraulic conductivity, which were found to vary along the beach at Moreton Bay. The result shows that with a lower hydraulic conductivity and continuous layer of LPL reduced the groundwater exchange and contaminant transport between upper and lower aquifer. The findings from the combined field and modelling investigations on the impact of an intertidal LPL on coastal aquifer systems highlight its significant implications to alter the groundwater and mass transport across the land–ocean interface.     

THE INFLUENCE OF INTERFACE LAYER ON MICROSTRUCTURAL STRESSES IN MORTAR

In this paper, the influence of geometrical and physical parameters (size of the sand particle, thickness of the interface layer and ratios of the modulus of elasticity) on stress distributions in a mortar is studied. It is found that a weak or soft interface layer in the mortar will greatly reduce the strength of the concrete; if the modulus of the interface layer approaches to that of the cement paste and the modulus of the sand particle (or aggregate) is 4–10 times as large as that of the cement paste, the concrete will possess a much higher strength and thus has a better property.     

关于偏差分方程的全局吸引性

运用构造特解的方法,证明了线性时滞偏差分方程Ａｍ＋１,ｎ＋Ａｍ,ｎ＋１－Ａｍ,ｎ＋Ｐｍ,ｎＡｍ－ｋ,ｎ－ｌ＝０不存在全局吸引性。     

钙质砂与钢界面循环剪切刚度与阻尼比的试验研究

钙质砂与钢界面的动力响应对岛礁地质条件下结构物基础的安全与稳定具有重要意义。基于界面环剪仪,开展了一系列钙质砂?钢界面循环剪切试验,探究了法向应力、剪切位移幅值和粒径大小对界面剪切刚度和阻尼比的影响,并与石英砂进行了对比。研究结果表明：法向应力和剪切位移幅值对界面剪切刚度和阻尼比起控制作用;法向应力的增大导致界面剪切刚度增大、阻尼比降低;剪切位移幅值的增大,则导致剪切刚度近似呈反比降低,而阻尼比近似呈对数增大;对于均一粒径的钙质砂,存在着分界粒径,使其剪切刚度和阻尼比的变化规律呈现显著区别;石英砂粒径较大时,其界面剪切刚度和阻尼比与钙质砂明显不同,而粒径较小时两类砂表现出类似的剪切刚度和阻尼比特性。