有机酸与矿物间界面作用研究评述

介绍了近年来有机酸与矿物之间相互作用的研究进展，重点探讨有机还可能与矿物间相互作用的环境意义、作用模式以及低分子量有机酸和高分子量腐殖酸在与矿物作用时各自的特点和彼此间的差异。有机酸-矿物界面作用控制着金属、有机污染物的迁移、转化与归宿以及生物可给性。有机酸-矿物界面作用存在多种模式，主要受有机酸和矿物的活性基团类型、含量分布以及有机酸分子量大小和疏水性等因素的影响。     

海洋沉积物—海水界面附近氮、磷、硅的生物地球化学

海洋沉积物中的N和P随沉积物的粒度由粗到细,含量逐渐升高,而Si则降低;积物中N、P、Si的含量还随海区、输入源、季节、动力学过程及生物生产过程不同而变化.控制海洋沉积物-海水界面N、P、Si沉积、释放及循环的因素,包括有机质和溶解氧的浓度、有机质中C、N、P、Si的相对比例、沉积物-海水界面附近的氧化还原环境、生物扰动、温度、水深、pH值、不同形态S的浓度、金属离子以及水动力条件等.一般其综合作用的表现是,沉积物-海水界面之间NH+4、PO3-4和Si(OH)4从沉积物向上覆水扩散转移,而硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐的通量方向相反,通量的大小随着海区的不同差别较大.     

Rock-weathering by lichens in Antarctic: patterns and mechanisms

Saxicolous species of lichens are able to induce and accelerate weathering of their rock substrate, and effects of lichens on substrate can be attributed to both physical and chemical causes. This paper is focused on biotic weathering actions of epilithic and endolithic species on the different rock types (sandstones and volcanogenic rocks) in Antarctica. The patterns, mechanisms, processes and neoformations of rock-weathering resulting from lichen colonization are expounded in detail. Furthermore, it is pointed out that, for a better understanding of the impacts of lichens on environments, the studies on the rate of biotic weathering and the comprehensive involvement of the lichen effects on weathering of natural rocks remain to be carried out in Antarctica.     

省级外网气象大数据服务平台研究与实现

随着社会经济发展，气象大数据已成为国家大数据基础性战略资源的重要组成部分。然而各省市集约化气象大数据环境均建设于气象业务内网，面向社会的气象数据服务则存在集约化程度低、时效性差、数据量少、安全隐患多等问题，因此，建立外网环境的统一、高效、安全的气象大数据中心是气象业务社会化服务发展的迫切需求。本文建立了外网气象大数据服务平台,采用GoldenGate和sersync+rsync技术实现内网与DMZ区(Demilitarized Zone,两个防火墙之间区域)实时稳定的触发式秒级数据同步；跨平台、多语言开发，标准化调用的统一访问接口设计，可实现高并发、稳定的数据响应请求；分时分类的用户数据访问控制，可实现数据权限的安全控制。该平台通过防火墙双网段控制，向互联网环境用户提供高效、安全、权威的气象大数据服务。     

利用主成分分析法研究余干地震台接收函数

对模型合成的理论接收函数进行主成分分析,研究在倾斜界面和各向异性影响下主成分形态变化规律,分析倾斜界面倾角和各向异性强度对接收函数R分量主成分贡献率的影响。对江西余干地震台的接收函数R分量主成分进行分析,结果发现:Ps震相的平均走时为3.4 s;台站下方介质的各向异性和倾斜界面同时存在,各向异性快轴大致呈NE向,倾斜界面倾向约170°。     

Controls of interactions between iron hydroxide colloid and water on REE fractionations in surface waters: Experimental study on pH-controlling mechanism

The influence of pH on the partitioning behavior of REE at the water/particulate interface has been studied experimentally. At the beginning of colloid formation the adsorption of REE on iron hydroxide colloids is dominant, followed by REE desorption. Finally adsorption and desorption tend to reach equilibration. The capability of iron hydroxide colloids to adsorb the HREE is greater than that to adsorb the LREE. With increasing pH, LREE/HREE fractionations will take place between iron hydroxide colloids and water, leading to the reduction of their partition coefficient ratio (DLREE/DHREE). The DREE distribution patterns show Y anomalies (DY/DHo <1), with obvious REE tetrad effects appearing under low pH conditions. Experimental results have shown that there do exist REE tetrad effects in nature. In addition to pH, the chemical type of surface water and ion intensity are also the important factors controlling REE tetrad effects and leading to fractionations between particulate-adsorbed REE and dissolved REE.     

广域差分GPS中用户定位算法的研究

广域差分GPS中用户接收机多为较廉价的单频接收机，可以接收差分播发站发播的差分改正信号进行DGPS计算，由于WADGPS的算法和常规算法不一致，差分改正信号难以是标准的RTCM格式，因此必须研制专用的差分信号接收机和DSP运算平台，并在平台上集成用户定位的算法，用户定位软件可以实时对观测数据、差分改正信号进行解码，计算用户的三维位置和速度。