悬吊环式土-结构动态接触试验装置系统的研制及验证

为了更进一步研究土与结构相互作用中界面的动态接触特性,在DYS-200-1-05电动振动系统基础上研制了一种悬吊环式试验装置系统.该装置系统具有如下功能特点:(1)可以分析加载频率、加载速率对土与结构接触特性的影响界面;(2)法向为常应力控制,切向可实现不同频率加载;(3)考虑了剪切外力作用过程中土体的剪切变形特性,故可以研究试验过程中土-结构系统破坏与土体自身变形破坏的关系.试验结果表明,本试验装置系统的性能可靠,为后面系统研究土-结构界面动态接触性能奠定了基础.     

Analysis of lateral loading of pile groups using embedded beam elements with interaction surface

The numerical simulation of soil-pile interaction problems, by means of full 3D finite element models, involves a large number of degrees of freedom (DOF) and difficulties during the mesh generation process. In order to reduce the unknowns and simplify and properly analyze such class of geotechnical problems, the so-called embedded beam elements (EBE) have recently been developed. In a preceding contribution of the authors, an improved EBE formulation, which brings into play the soil-pile interaction surface, was proposed with the aim to localize material plasticity in the soil surrounding the pile. This embedded beam model couples two different finite elements, each described by distinct kinematics (ie, solid and beam). The coupling is incorporated in the formulation by means of kinematical constrains established over the solid and beam displacement fields on the interaction surface. One of the main advantages of the embedded elements is that the addition of beams structural members immersed within the 3D soil model does not represent a constraint for the solid mesh, which can be adopted independently from the beam mesh. In this paper, the lateral loading of pile groups is studied by means of the proposed EBE approach with elasto-plastic interfaces. In order to represent a rigid cap, a master node and a special set of kinematical restrictions are incorporated into the formulation. The paper presents results obtained by means of the present formulation compared against other well-established analysis methods and test results published in the literature, for both elastic and elasto-plastic cases.     

A bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated soil-structure interfaces

In many geotechnical systems, such as reinforced slopes and embankments, soil-structure interfaces are often unsaturated. Shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces is strongly dependent on their matric suctions, as revealed by the results of extensive laboratory tests. So far, constitutive models for unsaturated interfaces are very limited in the literature. This paper reports a new bounding surface model for saturated and unsaturated interfaces. New formulations were developed to incorporate suction effects on the flow rule and plastic modulus. To examine the capability of the proposed model, it was applied to simulate suction- and stress-controlled direct shear tests on unsaturated soil–cement, soil–steel and soil–geotextile interfaces. Measured and computed results are well matched, demonstrating that the proposed model can well capture key features of the shear behaviour of unsaturated interfaces, including suction-dependent dilatancy, stress–strain relation and peak and critical state shear strengths.     

加载过程中结构-冻土界面红外辐射温度场研究

为获取加载过程中结构-冻土界面温度场的时空分布规律,采用红外热辐射成像技术对模型桩-冻土界面上红外辐射温度场的产生、发展及其演变过程进行了试验研究。结果表明：模型桩在加载直至滑移过程中,桩-冻土界面处存在红外辐射温升现象;桩-冻土界面发生滑移前,红外热图上低温区域在密度和范围上均逐渐减小,距离冻土试样表面不同深度D处温升幅度?T和影响宽度W随时间而逐渐增加,但相同时刻?T和W随深度D的增加而减小;桩-冻土界面发生滑移后,红外热图上的高温区成带状分布,并趋于贯通,最大温升幅度?Tmax和温升影响的最大宽度Wmax随深度D的增加呈线性减小规律。研究结果可为红外热辐射成像技术应用于冻土地区结构-冻土界面温度场测试提供参考。     

含水率对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响

含水率对土工格栅加筋膨胀土结构的运行具有直接影响,而国内外对其作用机制少有研究。为此,采用填土尺寸为600 mm×600 mm×600 mm的大型叠环式剪切仪进行一系列拉拔试验,研究了含水率对土工格栅与膨胀土界面拉拔性状的影响。试验结果表明,含水率对拉拔力与土工格栅位移特征、界面应力变形特征、界面强度参数等具有显著影响。含水率较高,土工格栅发生刚体平动的时间较早,刚体平动时的单宽拉拔力更接近峰值,界面更偏于理想刚塑性特征;含水率较低,界面似黏聚力较大;而含水率对界面似摩擦角的影响不显著。     

钻柱振动信号特征及多次波成像

钻柱是连接地面和井底钻头及地层的通道,伴随着钻头旋转破岩产生的钻柱振动包含丰富的信息,通过分析在钻柱顶端采集的钻头振动信号能够获得钻头、钻具的工作状态以及所钻地层甚至钻头前方地层的岩性、地层压力等信息,进行井下诊断和钻前预测.钻柱是由具有不同横截面积的单元组成,截面变化引起的波阻抗差异使钻头振动信号沿钻柱传播时发生多次反射,形成钻柱多次波.利用单边反褶积自相关等方法对井场采集的钻柱振动信号进行了处理,得到了振动信号的特征、反射界面多次波成像和振动信号沿钻柱的传播速度以及钻柱的实际转速等,并与理论结果吻合较好,为钻柱振动录井和随钻地震技术研究打下了基础.     

注浆成型螺纹桩桩土接触面机制的离散元模拟

为了揭示新型注浆成型螺纹桩的承载力特性及桩土接触特性,利用二维离散元（DEM）数值分析不同螺纹间距的桩-土接触特性。在既有螺纹桩-土界面的大型直剪试验方案的基础上,建立模拟试验的离散元模型。通过模拟试验的伺服加载机制,实现在接触面法向上施加恒定的压力,然后水平移动接触面底板进行剪切,得到不同螺纹数下剪切位移与剪切应力的关系曲线、孔隙比分布图和力链传力机制。离散元分析表明,存在一个最优的螺纹间距,使接触面的极限抗剪强度最大;螺纹桩桩土接触面周围土体会出现一个拱形的破坏面,该微观机制与室内试验观察一致。     

Adaptive multi‐rate interface: development and experimental verification for real‐time hybrid simulation

Real‐time hybrid simulation (RTHS) is a powerful cyber‐physical technique that is a relatively cost‐effective method to perform global/local system evaluation of structural systems. A major factor that determines the ability of an RTHS to represent true system‐level behavior is the fidelity of the numerical substructure. While the use of higher‐order models increases fidelity of the simulation, it also increases the demand for computational resources. Because RTHS is executed at real‐time, in a conventional RTHS configuration, this increase in computational resources may limit the achievable sampling frequencies and/or introduce delays that can degrade its stability and performance. In this study, the Adaptive Multi‐rate Interface rate‐transitioning and compensation technique is developed to enable the use of more complex numerical models. Such a multi‐rate RTHS is strictly executed at real‐time, although it employs different time steps in the numerical and the physical substructures while including rate‐transitioning to link the components appropriately. Typically, a higher‐order numerical substructure model is solved at larger time intervals, and is coupled with a physical substructure that is driven at smaller time intervals for actuator control purposes. Through a series of simulations, the performance of the AMRI and several existing approaches for multi‐rate RTHS is compared. It is noted that compared with existing methods, AMRI leads to a smaller error, especially at higher ratios of sampling frequency between the numerical and physical substructures and for input signals with high‐frequency content. Further, it does not induce signal chattering at the coupling frequency. The effectiveness of AMRI is also verified experimentally. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

筋-土界面力学特性的水平循环剪切试验研究

加筋材料与土界面力学特性是加筋土结构设计和稳定性分析的重要依据。在大型多功能界面剪切仪上,进行了土工格栅和标准砂界面的水平循环剪切试验,分析循环荷载作用下筋-土界面力学特性,研究循环荷载特征对界面剪切力和法向位移的影响,探讨水平循环荷载作用下筋-土相互作用规律。结果表明,随循环次数增加,剪切力-位移关系曲线逐渐重合,剪切力峰值变化不明显,界面剪切模量增大并趋于稳定;循环剪切位移幅值和剪切速率对剪切强度的影响不明显,但对试样法向位移有较大影响;水平循环剪切过程中试样发生明显的法向位移,加筋可有效限制试样的竖向变形。     

基于单元劈裂法的岩体黏结型结构面数值模拟

节理岩体中富含结构面等不连续体,其中很多结构面之间具有一定黏结强度,在冲击荷载作用下会发生脱结（debond）行为,从而消耗岩体应变能。在该结构面之间的黏结性质在很大程度上决定着岩体的破坏行为,发生脱结后,结构面之间不再具有黏结强度,岩体的力学性能发生弱化。为了对该类结构面进行模拟,在改进的Xu-Needleman势函数基础上推导出结构面单元,并将其嵌入到单元劈裂法中,模拟结构面的开裂过程,当结构面完全脱结后结构面单元就转化为一般节理单元。相应地,在数值实现过程中只是将结构面单元替换为一般节理单元即可。该结构面单元与单元劈裂法相结合,能够有效地模拟节理岩体的破坏过程。