固体火箭发动机粘接界面湿热老化实验

对固体火箭发动机粘接界面试验件进行了不同湿热条件下的加速老化试验,并测量了不同老化时间粘接界面的扯离强度,描述了湿热老化试验和性能测试中的试验现象,结合复合材料微粘接结构吸湿规律对试验现象和撤离强度随老化时间变化曲线进行了分析。研究结果表明:衬层-推进剂粘接界面是固体火箭发动机粘接结构中最薄弱环节,应予以重点考虑;湿热老化促进了环境水分从衬层–推进剂界面向推进剂内部的扩散和渗透,致使弱边界层向推进剂内部扩展,导致了衬层-推进剂界面粘接强度的降低。试验件平均扯离强度随老化时间呈下降趋势,中间有一个强度趋于稳定的平台期。      

Identifying climate services needs for national planning: insights from Malawi

The importance of climate services, i.e. providing targeted, tailored, and timely weather and climate information, has gained momentum, but requires improved understanding of user needs. This article identifies the opportunities and barriers to the use of climate services for planning in Malawi, to identify the types of information that can better inform future adaptation decisions in sub-Saharan Africa. From policy analysis, stakeholder interviews, and a national workshop utilizing serious games, it is determined that only 5–10 day and seasonal forecasts are currently being used in government decision making. Impediments to greater integration of climate services include spatial and temporal scale, accessibility, timing, credibility and the mismatch in timeframes between planning cycles (1–5 years) and climate projections (over 20 years). Information that could more usefully inform planning decisions includes rainfall distribution within a season, forecasts with 2–3 week lead times, likely timing and location of extreme events in the short term (1–5 years), and projections (e.g. rainfall and temperature change) in the medium term (6–20 years). Development of a national set of scenarios would also make climate information more accessible to decision makers, and capacity building around such scenarios would enable its improved use in short- to medium-term planning. Improved climate science and its integration with impact models offer exciting opportunities for integrated climate-resilient planning across sub-Saharan Africa. Accrual of positive impacts requires enhanced national capacity to interpret climate information and implement communication strategies across sectors.

Policy relevance

For climate services to achieve their goal of improving adaptation decision making, it is necessary to understand the decision making process and how and when various types of weather and climate information can be incorporated. Through a case study of public sector planning in Malawi, this article highlights relevant planning and policy-making processes. The current use of weather and climate information and needs, over various timescales – sub-annual to short term (1–5 years) to medium term (6–20 years) – is outlined. If climate scientists working with boundary organizations are able to address these issues in a more targeted, sector-facing manner they will improve the uptake of climate services and the likelihood of climate-resilient decisions across sub-Saharan Africa.     

长江中下游地区泥盆系-石炭系界面特征分析

长江中下游地区是中国东部重要的铁铜金多金属成矿带。经对比,长江中下游大多数地区的泥盆系五通组与石炭系黄龙组之间有明显的沉积间断,为假整合接触关系。两组岩性差异较大,五通组主要为陆相碎屑沉积,而黄龙组为碳酸盐岩。泥盆系五通组与石炭系黄龙组之间的不整合界面是构造薄弱面,利于成矿元素的聚集,是成矿带内主要的容矿层位,该层位应是今后深部找矿的重要层位。     

矿田构造的研究历史、现状与发展

矿田构造是指在矿田范围内,控制矿床的形成和分布的地质构造因素的总和。在矿田构造和矿床构造的含义中,既包括构造形迹和岩石组构特征,又包括控矿构造的形成机制和发展历史。近10几年来的矿田矿床研究不仅强调构造对于矿体的形态、分布和组合的控制作用,也深入于构造作用对成岩成矿过程的研究。综合分析了矿田构造研究的研究历史、研究内容、研究现状与问题,对矿田构造与找矿研究的发展方向进行了展望。     

气象预报预警系统开发中VB与GRADS、FORTRAN混合编程技术

在气象信息综合分析处理系统的本地化过程中,可视化简单编程指令代码、格点数据分析显示系统和公式翻译器之间混合开发技术的研究是非常重要的问题。研究了利用可视化简单编程指令代码开发操作界面、公式翻译器运算数据、格点数据分析显示系统绘图三者有效结合的编程技巧,并通过两个具体案例给予了详细的技术说明。     

Resource management and agriculture in the periurban interface of Kumasi,Ghana: Problems and prospects

This paper outlines pressures on agricultural land in periurban Kumasi, Ghana. A survey of agricultural practices underlines the recent and rapid transition from agricultural to urban land use in the periurban interface, and shows how farmers are reacting by reducing fallow periods. Farmers are also intensifying agriculture near streams and rivers through increased use of irrigation, in response to growing urban markets for a wider range of vegetables. We identify specific problems of water resource pollution and waste management, with particular reference to farmland irrigation. We report results of composting interventions as a community‐based waste management strategy. We consider integrated organic waste recycling as a generic strategy to help protect periurban natural resources, to enhance food production through nutrient recycling, and to improve community sanitation.     

CORBA/XML技术在复杂软件接口中的应用与研究

CORBA技术在解决软件对异构网络环境的适应性上有其独到之处,而XML技术在降低数据复杂性、提高数据结构的可扩展性上有强大的优势.通过对CORBA和XML技术相关特点的分析,讨论其在复杂软件接口设计中的应用优势,最后以一实例说明此技术的应用过程.     

长江河口地区地下水咸、淡水界面的动态变化研究

本文对长江河口地区1960～1985年间78口钻井中的各层承压水进行了245个水化学样品测试，分析内容包括K+、Na+、Ca²+、Mg²+、NH4+、Al³+、Cl-、HCO₃-、CO₃₂-、SO₄₂-离子含量以及酸碱性、温度等项目。其中第I层有样品24个；II层有63个；III层有53个；IV层有70个；V层有35个。测试时采用平行双样进行精度控制，水质分析的结果，按阴阳离子毫克当量总和的平衡关系进行检查，超出允许误差及时进行复检。
为了研究各承压含水层咸、淡水界面分布的变化，我们将矿化度作为水质指标，并利用人工神经网络技术进行了计算机模拟。结果表明，本区第四纪地层中各含水层水质的时空分布格局主要受第四纪海平面波动控制；IV、V含水层中的微咸水、咸水的分布可能受上层咸水通过越流污染下层淡水所致。对II、III含水层在二十世纪六十年代和八十年代两阶段水质分布的分析发现，含水层内淡水区在上海市区有向东南和西北方向明显扩展的趋势。造成这种现象的主要原因在于二十世纪七十和八十年代，上海市区地下水开采量逐年压缩，并开展了人工回灌（均为淡水），从而阻止了由于二十世纪六十年代市区过量抽取地下水而引起的地面沉降等问题。     

自适应地图可视化系统中用户模型构建与匹配算法研究

为增强自适应地图可视化系统中用户模型构建和匹配的准确性,提出四元组交互用户模型及基于概率的相似度匹配算法.该模型充分考虑了自适应地图可视化系统中的"人""机"交互特征,能更加全面反映用户在使用自适应地图可视化系统时的特征.详细地介绍概率的相似度匹配算法的基本思想和实现过程.最后进行实例验证.实例证明,所提出的用户模型构...     

面向空间信息智能分发的动态化用户偏好模型研究

用户偏好模型的构建方法是制约空间信息智能分发理论取得进展的关键瓶颈。现有的空间信息智能分发算法和系统存在空间范围定位不准确、效用度计算存在偏差等缺陷,且大多关注用户的检索行为对偏好模型的贡献却均未考虑时间因素的影响,也很少注意到用户反馈的作用。鉴于此,对现有文献的理论和算法进行扩展,通过引入区域数、兴趣废、兴趣度密度等概念和算法,以及权值衰减函数和用户信息反馈等动态化因素,使模型能够更为准确、及时地随着用户偏好特征的变化进行修正。试验表明,相较于传统的静态模型而言,该模型能够更为有效地反映用户偏好特征的变化。