基于分形维数权重的泥石流危险度评价

泥石流危险度评价是一个复杂的不确定系统问题,为了准确评价泥石流所处的危险度状态,进而为泥石流的防治提供科学依据,提出了基于分形维数权重的泥石流危险度评价方法.该方法首先选取影响泥石流危险度评价的10个主要因素,根据分类标准,采用在每级标准中随机内插的方法,得到40个标准样本,用于构建泥石流危险度评价的分形一插值模型;其次根据最大似然分类原则确定每个泥石流指标的评价分维数;然后利用加权求和法计算样本的综合评价值,并根据样本综合评价值与经验等级之间的关系建立分形插值评价模型;最后,通过实例分析表明:该方法的评价结果是准确和可靠的,与采用其他分类方法所得结论一致.此外,该模型可以得出每个样本的具体得分值,即使对属于同一级的样本也可以排出它们的优劣顺序,因而具有较高的分类精度,为泥石流危险度评价提供了一种较好的新方法.     

中国陆地海岸线尺度效应研究(英文)

Spatial scale is a fundamental problem in Geography. Scale effect caused by fractal characteristic of coastline becomes a common focus of coastal zone managers and researchers. In this study, based on DEM and remote sensing images, multi-scale continental coastlines of China were extracted and the fractal characteristic was analyzed. The results are shown as follows. (1) The continental coastline of China fits the fractal model, and the fractal dimension is 1.195. (2) The scale effects with fractal dimensions of coastline have significant differences according to uplift and subsidence segments along the continental coastlines of China. (3) The fractal dimension of coastline has significant spatial heterogeneity according to the coastline types. The fractal dimension of sandy coastline located in Luanhe River plain is 1.109. The dimension of muddy coastline located in northern Jiangsu Plain is 1.059, while that of rocky coastline along southeastern Fujian is 1.293. (4) The length of rocky coastline is affected by scale more than that of muddy and sandy coastline. Since coastline is the conjunction of sea, land and air surface, the study of coastline scale effect is one of the scientific bases for the researches on air-sea-land interaction in multi-scales.     

岩层厚度对碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度和分形分布的影响

岩层厚度对于碳酸盐岩构造裂缝的发育起到重要作用.新疆柯坪大湾沟、青松和蓬莱坝构造性质比较稳定,剖面的构造裂缝测量结果统计分析表明,碳酸盐岩构造裂缝面密度与层厚呈负相关关系,层厚越大,构造裂缝面密度越小,但裂缝规模较大;随着层厚减薄,构造裂缝面密度线性增大,但裂缝规模较小.碳酸盐岩构造裂缝具有良好的分形特征,统计结果显示...     

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1674987110000320

The self-similar is a common phenomena arising in the field of geology.It has been shown that geochemical element data,mineral deposits,and spacial distribution conform to a fractal structure.A fractal distribution requires that the number of objects larger than a specified size have a power-law dependence on size.This paper shows that a number of distributions,including power-function,Pareto, lognormal,and Zipf,display fractal properties under certain conditions and that this may be used as the mathemat...     

连续闭合钢箱接头地下连续墙施工技术

目前许多深基坑工程对于超深地下连续墙的刚度及防渗性能要求较高。在分析传统常用的接头形式在施工过程中存在问题的基础上,提出了一套行之有效的施工方法——连续闭合钢箱接头。详细介绍了连续闭合钢箱接头地下连接墙施工技术及其施工效果。     

钎焊金刚石钻头模具尺寸设计

勘探用金刚石钻头在钎焊烧结过程中,钻头芯模、外模和钢体的尺寸直接决定金刚石钻头的尺寸,对金刚石钻头的使用性能影响很大,而现有的文献中对于模具尺寸设计的研究稍显不全面。对钻头钎焊烧结过程的热涨与冷缩过程进行深入分析研究,提出了更直观的模具计算公式和防止涨模的措施。     

岩石声发射Kaiser点信号频带能量分布和分形特征研究

通过单轴加载岩石破坏全过程声发射试验,根据Kaiser效应原理采用参数法确定了Kaiser点.在此基础上,首先采用小波包频带分解方法,对岩石声发射Kaiser点信号的能量分布特征进行了研究,分析了砂岩声发射信号的不同频带能量分布规律,得到了Kaiser点特征频带能量百分比大于相邻点的重要结论.其次,采用G-P算法计算了声发射过程关联分维数,结果表明声发射过程不仅具有分形特征,而且Kaiser点声发射信号关联分维数小于其相邻点,其结论可作为通过波形分析识别Kaiser点的特征.     

分形理论在土体粒度成分特征评价中的应用

由于土体粒度成分的复杂性,目前对土的粒度成分分析缺乏合适的定量描述参数,分形理论为该问题提供了新的途径。实例计算表明,分维作为描述土体粒度成分特征的参数,能较好反映了各种粒径大小在土体中的组成特点,可将其作为土体工程分类的一个综合性定量指标。     

On the fractal dimension of the fallout deposits: A case study of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius

We investigated the existence of a fractal law (power law) distribution of size pyroclastic fragments erupted during the fallout phase of the 79 A.D. Plinian eruption at Mt. Vesuvius. In particular, we performed a particle size distribution analysis on 18 white and grey pumice samples collected in six sites distributed in the SW sector of Mt. Vesuvius. Our measurements show that the fragmentation of samples in the investigated range (from 32 mm to 850 μm) follows a power law, guaranteeing the scale invariance of the process. The relationship frequency-size distribution of the fragments is verified independently from the nature (i.e., pumices and lithics) and stratigraphic height of the considered samples in the pyroclastic deposit. Therefore, the fractal fragmentation theory can be indicated for evaluating the relationship between the intensity of fragmentation (fractal dimension D) and eruption energy. In this way the apparent chaotic distribution of the particles in the fallout deposits hides a self-organized complexity revealed by the retrieved power law distribution. We further remark that a key aspect of our analysis is the founded evidence that the fractal dimension of the lithics is systematically greater than that of the pumices.     

塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地几种植物根系分形特征

在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地采用全根挖掘法挖掘河西菊(Hexinia polydichowma(Ostenf.)H.L.Yang)、沙拐枣(Calligonuin roborovskii A.Los.)、罗布麻(Apocynum venetum L.)、阿克苏牛皮消(Cynanchum amplexicaule Hemsl)根系.运用分形理论对其分形特征进行研究,分析根系分支状况以及根系分形特征与拓扑特征之间的关系.研究发现:(1)在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地,四种植物根系具有很好的分形特征,分形维数大小与拓扑参数连接总数、外部连接数之间具有较好的相关关系.(2)根丰度是描述根系在土层中扩展能力的有效指标,与根系长度、平均连接长度之间具有很好的指数关系分别可以用以下方程表示:y1=2.7 694e1.5496x,y2=0.0369e2.0 267x(其中y1、y2分别为总根长、平均连接长度,R2分别为:0.9 353、0.9 832),根丰度直接反映了根系空间占有能力与营养物质的吸收效率.通过对塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地四种植物根系分支状况与分形特征的研究表明.分形理论可以很好的反映根系空间占有能力与资源吸收效率,所以说分形理论是对根系几何、功能特征进行定量化研究的有效方法.