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61.
云南马关地区新生代碧玄岩中地幔包体研究 总被引:21,自引:5,他引:16
自晚新生代以来,由于受印度-亚洲板块碰撞和青藏高原整体快速抬升的影响,在云南省东南的马关地区发育了大量新生代碱性火山岩.其中有的火山岩中含有丰富的地幔包体.本文提供了马关八寨碧玄岩和钾玄岩的2个全岩化学分析资料,以及石榴二辉橄榄岩、尖晶二辉橄榄岩、石榴辉石岩和石榴二辉岩包体的全岩化学和电子探针分析结果,采用矿物温压计获得各种地幔包体的平衡温压条件,建立了本区地幔地温线,并与世界典型大地构造单元的地温线进行了对比.研究表明,石榴石二辉橄榄岩的平衡温压为1209℃~1230℃和2.13~2.93CPa,石榴石二辉岩为1034℃~1095℃和1.69~2.35CPa,尖晶石二辉橄榄岩的平衡温压为944℃~1072℃和1.46~2.74GPa,其对应的深度分别为69~93km、55~75km和48~87km.因此尖晶石二辉橄榄岩与石榴二辉橄榄岩和石榴二辉岩共存,其间没有截然的界限,而是一种过渡关系.由包体平衡温压建立的上地幔地温线与华北地区地温线一样,位于澳大利亚克拉通东缘地温线与碱性玄武岩省地温线之间,但本区地温线显著高于华北地温线,与本区具有高于华北地区的大地热流值相吻合.这证明各种辉石岩和橄榄岩包体来自地幔.根据平衡压力反演的包体起源深度推测,含石榴石的二辉橄榄岩可能来源于岩石圈底部或软流圈.基于上述研究,结合高原及滇西地区新生代钾质岩浆活动时空结构的研究成果,提出马关地区新生代碱性岩浆活动和地幔包体的成因,与印度-欧亚大陆俯冲碰撞诱发的软流圈横向地幔流的活动有关. 相似文献
62.
利用一件采自河北汉诺坝周坝地区变泥质岩包体样品,结合系统的低温和高温磁性测量结果,探讨了应用热磁实验鉴别样品中所含原生磁性矿物的多解性问题. 结果表明, 饱和等温剩余磁化强度(SIRM)在室温~250℃以及280℃~380℃的降低分别由高钛钛磁铁矿的剩磁解阻过程(一种物理过程)以及由磁赤铁矿转换成赤铁矿(一种矿物相变)引起.样品在500℃以后磁化率的升高则是由磁铁矿从钛磁赤铁矿中出溶所致.因此,κ-T(即磁化率随温度变化)曲线中呈现约580℃居里点是由加热过程中次生的磁铁矿引起,而并非代表原始(即加热前)样品中的磁铁矿成分. 相似文献
63.
汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体REE和Sr,Nd同位素地球化学 总被引:23,自引:3,他引:20
本文报道汉诺坝玄武岩中地幔岩捕掳体的REE丰度和Sr、Nd同位素组成。不同岩石类型的REE配分模式和同位素组成反映地幔部分熔融程度和交代作用过程。二辉橄榄岩亏损轻稀土,是原始地幔经不同程度部分熔融的残留体。方辉橄榄岩具U型REE配分模式,是强烈亏损的地幔岩被熔体非化学平衡交代的结果。二辉岩脉状体富轻、中稀土,它同与脉状体接触的二辉橄榄岩可达化学平衡或近于化学平衡,而二辉岩脉状体的形成与玄武岩岩浆无成因关系。据对二辉岩脉状体和不含脉状体橄榄岩的Sm-Nd同位素定年,这种脉状体形成于300Ma左右。 相似文献
64.
《International Geology Review》2012,54(9):964-976
Lithium isotope geochemistry is increasingly being used to trace deep-earth processes, reflecting the observed large variation of Li isotope ratios in mantle-derived rocks, including peridotite xenoliths associated with ancient continents. We briefly review the Li isotopic compositions of major geochemical reservoirs, the assumed mechanisms of Li isotopic fractionation, and, in particular, the origins of isotopically light Li in mantle-derived rocks based on the latest developments in Li isotope geochemistry. Comparison of Li isotope data with existing Sr-Nd isotope ratios reflects the subduction-recycling of ancient oceanic crust and the reappearance of Li in volcanic rocks. This circulation may play an important role in generating the isotopically light-Li component in the mantle – perhaps the enriched mantle end member defined by the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of oceanic basalts. 相似文献
65.
66.
N. R. Karmalkar R. A. Duraiswami N. V. Chalapathi Rao D. K. Paul 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2009,73(5):657-679
Mantle derived xenoliths in India are known to occur in the Proterozoic ultrapotassic rocks like kimberlites from Dharwar
and Bastar craton and Mesozoic alkali igneous rocks like lamrophyres, nephelinites and basanites. The xenoliths in kimberlites
are represented by garnet harzburgites, lherzolites, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxenites and kyaniteeclogite varieties. The
PT conditions estimated for xenoliths from the Dharwar craton suggest that the lithosphere was at least 185 km thick during
the Mid-Proterozoic period. The ultrabasic and eclogite xenoliths have been derived from depths of 100–180 km and 75–150 km
respectively. The Kalyandurg and Brahmanpalle clusters have sampled the typical Archaean subcontinental lithospheric mantle
(SCLM) with a low geotherm (35 mW/m2) and harzburgitic to lherzolitic rocks with median Xmg
olivine > 0.93. The base of the depleted lithosphere at 185–195 km depth is marked by a 10–15 km layer of strongly metasomatised
peridotites (Xmg
olivine > ∼0.88). The Anampalle and Wajrakarur clusters 60 km to the NW show a distinctly different SCLM; it has a higher geotherm
(37.5 to 40 mW/m2) and contains few subcalcic harzburgites, and has a median Xmg
olivine = 0.925. In contrast, the kimberlites of the Uravakonda and WK-7 clusters sampled quite fertile (median Xmg
olivine ∼0.915) SCLM with an elevated geotherm (> 40 mW/m2).
The lamrophyres, basanites and melanephelinites associated with the Deccan Volcanic Province entrain both ultramafic and mafic
xenoliths. The ultramafic group is represented by (i) spinel lherzolites, harzburgites, and (ii) pyroxenites. Single pyroxene
granulite and two pyroxene granulites constitutes the mafic group. Temperature estimates for the West Coast xenoliths indicate
equilibration temperatures of 500–900°C while the pressure estimates vary between 6–11 kbar corresponding to depths of 20–35
km. This elevated geotherm implies that the region is characterized by abnormally high heat flow, which is also supported
by the presence of linear array of hot springs along the West Coast. Spinel peridotite xenoliths entrained in the basanites
and melanephelinites from the Kutch show low equilibrium temperatures (884–972°C). The estimated pressures obtained on the
basis of the absence of both plagioclase and garnet in the xenoliths and by referring the temperatures to the West Coast geotherm
is ∼ 15 kbar (40–45 km depth). The minimum heat flow of 60 to 70 mW/m2 has been computed for the Kutch xenolith (Bhujia hill), which is closely comparable to the oceanic geotherm. Xenolith studies
from the West Coast and Kutch indicate that the SCLM beneath is strongly metasomatised although the style of metasomatism
is different from that below the Dharwar Craton. 相似文献
67.
Magmatic systems of large continental igneous provinces 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Large igneous provinces (LIPs) formed by mantle superplume events have irreversibly changed their composition in the geological evolution of the Earth from high-Mg melts (during Archean and early Paleoproterozoic) to Phanerozoic-type geochemically enriched Fe-Ti basalts and picrites at 2.3 Ga. We propose that this upheaval could be related to the change in the source and nature of the mantle superplumes of different generations. The first generation plumes were derived from the depleted mantle, whereas the second generation (thermochemical) originated from the core-mantle boundary (CMB). This study mainly focuses on the second (Phanerozoic) type of LIPs, as exemplified by the mid-Paleoproterozoic Jatulian–Ludicovian LIP in the Fennoscandian Shield, the Permian–Triassic Siberian LIP, and the late Cenozoic flood basalts of Syria. The latter LIP contains mantle xenoliths represented by green and black series. These xenoliths are fragments of cooled upper margins of the mantle plume heads, above zones of adiabatic melting, and provide information about composition of the plume material and processes in the plume head. Based on the previous studies on the composition of the mantle xenoliths in within-plate basalts around the world, it is inferred that the heads of the mantle (thermochemical) plumes are made up of moderately depleted spinel peridotites (mainly lherzolites) and geochemically-enriched intergranular fluid/melt. Further, it is presumed that the plume heads intrude the mafic lower crust and reach up to the bottom of the upper crust at depths ~20 km. The generation of two major types of mantle-derived magmas (alkali and tholeiitic basalts) was previously attributed to the processes related to different PT-parameters in the adiabatic melting zone whereas this study relates to the fluid regime in the plume heads. It is also suggested that a newly-formed melt can occur on different sides of a critical plane of silica undersaturation and can acquire either alkalic or tholeiitic composition depending on the concentration and composition of the fluids. The presence of melt-pockets in the peridotite matrix indicates fluid migration to the rocks of cooled upper margin of the plume head from the lower portion. This process causes secondary melting in this zone and the generation of melts of the black series and differentiated trachytic magmas. 相似文献
68.
福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩橄榄岩包体的水 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对福建龙海牛头山新生代玄武岩中橄榄岩包体进行了傅利叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果显示,二辉橄榄岩中的辉石包体含有结构水,均以OH的形式存在,结构水含量分别如下: 单斜辉石为(151~845)×10-6,斜方辉石为(40~710)×10-6,全岩为(25~90)×10-6.无论是辉石中的水含量还是全岩中的水含量,福建牛头山地区均高于华北克拉通的安徽女山、河北汉诺坝和苏北盆地,而与同是华北克拉通的河北阳原地区水含量相当.实验证明辉石是牛头山地区上地幔重要的水储库.初步推断福建牛头山经历了洋壳俯冲作用及底侵作用. 相似文献
69.
Compositions of Upper Mantle Fluids Beneath Eastern China: Implications for Mantle Evolution 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
ZHANG Mingjie WANG Xianbin LIU Gang ZHANG Tongwei BO WenruiInstitute of Geological Science Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu Key Lab of Gas-Geochemistry Lanzhou Institute of Geology CAS Lanzhou Gansu First Institute of Oceanography State Oceanic Administration Qingdao Shandong 《《地质学报》英文版》2004,78(1):125-130
The composition of gases trapped in olivine, orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene in Iherzolite xenoliths collected from different locations in eastern China has been measured by the vacuum stepped-heating mass spectrometry. These xenoliths are hosted in alkali basalts and considered as residues of partial melting of the upper mantle, and may contain evidence of mantle evolution. The results show that various kinds of fluid inclusions in Iherzolite xenoliths have been released at distinct times, which could be related to different stages of mantle evolution. In general, primitive fluids of the upper mantle (PFUM) beneath eastern China are dominated by H2, CO2 and CO, and are characterized by high contents of H2 and reduced gases. The compositions of PFUM are highly variable and related to tectonic settings. CO, CO2 and H2 are the main components of the PFUM beneath cratons; the PFUM in the mantle enriched in potassic metasomatism in the northern part of northeastern China has a high content of H2, while CO2 a 相似文献
70.
Deformation and seismic anisotropy of the lithospheric mantle in the southeastern Carpathians inferred from the study of mantle xenoliths 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Gyrgy Falus Andrea Tommasi Jannick Ingrin Csaba Szab 《Earth and Planetary Science Letters》2008,272(1-2):50-64
Peridotite xenoliths with a broad range of textures provides evidence for consistent microstructural evolution in a vertical transect of the shallow lithospheric mantle (35–55 km depth) beneath the Persani Mountains, SE Carpathians, Romania, due to ongoing plate convergence in the Carpathian Arc nearby. The recrystallized grain size, crystal preferred orientations strength, and resulting seismic anisotropy vary continuously and display a strong correlation to equilibrium temperatures, suggesting a continuous change in deformation conditions with depth. The shallowmost xenoliths have microstructures typical of high stress deformation, marked by strong recrystallization to fine grain sizes, which results in weak crystal preferred orientations and anisotropy. The deepest xenoliths have coarse-grained porphyroclastic microstructures and strong crystal preferred orientations. Replacive orthopyroxene structures, consuming olivine, and high H2O concentrations in the pyroxenes are observed in some xenoliths indicating limited percolation of fluids or volatile-rich melts. Despite the high stress deformation and high H2O contents in some of the studied xenoliths, analysis of olivine crystallographic orientations indicates that [100] slip systems, rather than “wet” [001] accommodate most of the deformation in all samples. Seismic anisotropy estimated from the measured olivine and pyroxene crystal preferred orientations suggests that the strike-parallel fast SKS polarization directions and ~ 1 s delay times measured in the SE Carpathians are likely the consequence of convergence-driven belt-parallel flow in the lithospheric mantle. 相似文献