西双版纳地区公路两侧土地利用变化格局特征

根据西双版纳地区1976、1988和2003年三期LandsatMSS/TM/ETM影像解译的土地利用数据,运用Arc-G IS软件的缓冲区分析方法,分析该区内主干公路两侧土地利用变化的时空格局。结果如下:27 a间,与整个西双版纳州相比,主干公路两侧的土地利用强度更大、增长速度更快。公路两侧的土地利用转化主要表现为由林地向橡胶园和茶园转变,林地锐减,橡胶园迅速增加,林地是橡胶园的最主要来源。主要地类的面积在一定范围表现出与距公路距离的相关关系,距公路越近,林地面积百分比越小,橡胶园、建筑用地和水田面积百分比越大。土地利用变化也表现出明显的公路效应,距离公路越近,林地减少的速度、橡胶园增加的速度越快;随着距离的增加,林地向橡胶园的转化面积逐渐减小。土地利用变化的公路效应深度表现出不断扩展的趋势:1976年为公路两侧5 km,1988年为7 km,2003年达11 km。     

近断层地震动作用下隔震结构的优化设计

首先讨论了近断层脉冲型地震动的特点,并以台湾集集地震实际脉冲型近震记录为地震动输入,应用含潜在约束策略的序列二次规划算法,对安装铅芯橡胶隔震支座的钢筋混凝土框架隔震结构的隔震器参数和上部结构构件截面几何尺寸进行一体化优化设计,然后输入E l Centro(1940)、Taft(1952)地震波对优化后的隔震结构进行地震反应分析。计算结果表明,对考虑脉冲型近断层地震动作用的隔震结构进行参数优化设计后,该隔震结构能同时满足脉冲型和普通非脉冲型近震作用的结构设计需求。     

Experimental Investigations on Laminated Rubber Bearings

Increasing application of base isolation as a seismic protection method has subsequently increased its analytical and experimental studies. Being the most critical part of the base isolated buildings, accurate evaluation of structural properties and precise modeling of isolation devices is of utmost importance in predicting the response of the buildings during the earthquakes. This technical note is concerned with experimental study on laminated rubber bearings. Free vibration and harmonic base excitation tests are performed on a three-storey building model to evaluate the properties of the structure, efficiency of the system, and effect of base excitations. It is found that these experimental methods can effectively be used for this purpose.     

海南省的环境与可持续发展问题探析

海南岛是中国唯一一个全省位处热带的省份，有得天独厚的环境和资源。到目前为止，海南省的环境一直处于良好的状态，大气环境各项指标基本上符合国家一级标准，全省河流和水库中的水有80%符合国家地面水环境质量Ⅱ类及以上标准。但是，对海南省的环境也不应当地高估计，建省前后的开发过程出现了许多生态和环境问题，例如林业砍伐、橡胶垦殖等。不能只讲开发，不讲保护或是因为开发对环境有影响就不进行开发，要坚持可持续发展的战略，妥善解决实现可持续发展中遇到的各种具体问题，真正把海南省规划建设好。     

贺庄橡胶坝工程建设综合后评价

构建了橡胶坝工程建设综合后评价的指标体系,建立了合理的后评价数学模型,并以贺庄橡胶坝工程建设为实例,应用多目标模糊层次分析法对其进行了综合后评价.该方法将定性指标数量化及各项指标的无量纲化,使定性指标和定量指标有机的结合起来,从而更准确、直观地反映橡胶坝建设项目的成功度,对实际的橡胶坝工程后评价有一定实用价值.     

海南橡胶的气象灾害分析

对海南省橡胶生产的气候条件、气象灾害及橡胶风害的机制、影响因素等进行分析,找出影响海南橡胶的主要气象灾害,为开展海南省橡胶风害评估提供科学依据。     

基于FAST测点的大幅宽HJ星图像几何精纠正方法

针对环境与灾害监测预报小卫星(HJ)图像存在较大整体几何误差,且无规律可循,难以使用全局模型模拟整景图像几何变形,而基于手动方式选取控制点的全局模型和局部模型都不适合于HJ图像几何精纠正的问题,提出一种基于加速分段测试特征(features from accelerated segment test,FAST)算法测点并用局部模型进行几何精纠正的优化方法。首先以FAST算法获取大量地面控制点(ground control point,GCP);再使用多项式模型对GCP的均方根误差阈值、潜在不匹配和实际不匹配GCP数量进行相关分析,据此修正FAST参数,筛查GCP误点;最后使用局部模型完成几何精纠正。此外,使用散点图和空间插值等方法建立适合于HJ图像几何精纠正结果的评价指标。检验结果表明,该方法能使纠正误差控制在1.5个像元内,纠正后的图像能满足中分辨率尺度的应用要求。     

TRENDS IN THE URBANIZATION PROCESS

Matthiessen, Christian Wichmann: Trends in the urbanization process. The Copenhagen case. Geografisk Tidsskrift 80: 98–101. Copenhagen, June 1980.

Within the framework of the international comparative research project (Cost of Urban Growth) new trends in urban development have recently been observed. The object of this article is to discuss the trends and give impirical evidence on Danish data.     

A nonlinear impact model for simulating the use of rubber shock absorbers for mitigating the effects of structural pounding during earthquakes

During strong earthquakes, structural poundings may occur between adjacent buildings because of the limited separation distance and the deformations of their stories. A potential mitigation measure for this problem is the incorporation of layers of soft material, such as rubber, which can act as collision bumpers, in order to prevent the sudden impact pulses. In an effort to investigate the effectiveness of such an impact mitigation measure, relevant numerical simulations and parametric studies can be performed. However, none of the known impact models, which are available in the literature, is able to represent the usage of rubber bumpers with sufficient accuracy. The current study presents a simple but efficient methodology that can be used to simulate the incorporation of rubber layers between neighboring structures with relatively narrow seismic gaps. Such methodology will enable us to numerically investigate the effectiveness of using rubber bumpers to mitigate potential earthquake‐induced pounding. In particular, a new nonlinear inelastic force‐based impact model, able to appropriately describe the behavior of rubber under impact loading, taking also into account the limited thickness of the bumper, is introduced. Finally, a numerical example of simulating earthquake‐induced pounding between two multistory buildings with the consideration of rubber bumpers at impact locations is presented. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.