Two Types of Archaean Grey Gneiss in North China and Their Geological Significance1,2

Abstract Grey gneisses are tonalitic intrusive rocks that have Archaean characteristics and tectonic significance. Archaean grey gneisses in North China may be classified into two types: the Zunhua type and the Hengshan type. Grey gneisses of the Zunhua type alternate with basic granulites, forming a bimodal migmatitic suite. The rock is characterized by complex mineral composition, highly varied REE patterns and positive Eu anomaly and originated from autochthonous or partly autochthonous deep - level migmatization with a high degree (30% ±) of fusion. As the sub - stratum in the root of the early - stage high - grade greenstone belt, they prevented basic rocks from sinking. Grey gneisses of the Hengshan type are characterized by a relatively distinct intrusion form, large - amplitude upward emplacement, rather simple mineral composition, only slight changes of REE patterns and absence of Eu anomaly. The rock is a product of subduction and underthrusting of the high - grade greenstone belt and then fusion and emplacement with a low degree (15% ±) of fusion. In this paper an attempt is made to furnish important information about palaeoplate tectonics and early crustal evolution by means of a study of grey gneisses.     

华北太古宙两类灰色片麻岩及其地质意义

灰色片麻岩是具太古宙特征而有构造意义的英云间长质侵入体。华北太古苗灰色片麻岩可分为两种类型:其一为遵化型。它与基性麻粒岩呈“互层”产出,形成双峰式混合岩伏建造。矿物成分复杂,稀土型式变化大,有正铕异常,属原地半原地深位混合岩化成因,熔融量大(30％±),作为早期深变质绿岩带根部的板底垫托而阻止了基性岩的沉没。其二为恒山型。有岩体形态和较大幅度的上升侵位,矿物成分简单,稀土型式变化小,常无铕异常,为深变质绿岩带俯冲下插并熔融侵位的产物,熔融量小(15%±)。本文试图通过灰色片麻岩的研究为古板块构造和早期地壳演化提供重要信息。     

Two Types of Archaean Grey Gneiss in North China and Their Geological Significance

Grey gneisses are tonalitic intrusive rocks that have Archaean characteristics and tectonic significance. Archaean grey gneisses in North China may be classified into two types: the Zunhua type and the Heagshan type. Grey gneisses of the Zunhua type alternate with basic granulites, forming a bimodal migmatitic suite. The rock is characterized by complex mineral composition, highly varied REE patterns and positive Eu anomaly and originated from autochthonous or partly autochthonous deep-level migmatization with a high degree (30%±) of fusion. As the sub-stratum in the root of the early-stage high-grade greenstone belt, they prevented basic rocks from sinking. Grey gneisses of the Hengshan type are characterized by a relatively distinct intrusion form, large-amplitude upward emplacement, rather simple mineral composition, only slight/changes of REE patterns and absence of Eu anomaly. The rock is a product of subduction and underthrusting of the high-grade greenstone belt and then fusion and emplacement w     

一种刚玉夕线钾长片麻岩的岩石学矿物学特征及形成环境

刚玉夕线钾长片麻岩是产于新太古代迭布斯格岩群中的一种低Si、高Al、高K的特殊岩石，主要包括刚玉钾长金红石片麻岩、黑云夕线钾长金红石片麻岩2种岩石组合，呈互层状产出。刚玉、夕线石和钾长石是通过白云母的变质分解和白云母 SiO2的变质反应而生成的。形成温度约为720—760℃，压力约为0．6-0．8GPa。由于温度和压力稍高，岩石中已开始出现重熔钾长石细脉。环带状次生白云母的出现属退变质反应。变质程度为区域中高温变质作用，达高角闪岩相，与围岩的变质程度一致。其原岩是在较短的稳定条件下由富K、富Al的花岗质岩石经强烈风化搬运进入大陆边缘沉积盆地，再经化学分解和沉积作用而形成的不同的原岩组合。     

大别山腹地桃园寨中生代火山机构的厘定及其地质意义

通过安徽省岳西县桃园寨地区大比例尺火山岩填图及岩石学、地球化学等详细研究,确定了大别山腹地片麻岩基底上残存了中生代火山岩及火山机构。说明中生代之前,大别山体并未大幅度隆升,也非中生代造山带根部,燕山期大规模岩浆活动才是山体剧烈抬升的主要因素。     

对东昆仑金水口地区高级变质岩的新认识

详细的构造岩石单位填图研究表明,东昆仑山金水口高级变质岩分布区,并非仅由早元古代金水口岩群白沙河岩组变质地层组成。由花岗闪长质—英云闪长质—奥长花岗质构成的灰色片麻岩,组成了高级变质岩分布区的主体。在灰色片麻岩中进一步还可解体出更古老的以包体形式产出的表壳岩组合系列。因此,以金水口地区为窗口,加深对东昆仑山高级变质岩的研究,有助于澄清变质杂岩的属性,正确认识造山带的形成与演化和提高1:5万地质填图质量。     

青藏高原前寒武纪岩石地层划分、对比──兼论“三江”构造带基底特征

根据岩石地层划分、对比理论和原则，对青藏高原主体范围内的前寒武纪地层进行了岩石地层和地质年代的划分，建立了岩石组合特征的标志及其上、下序列关系，提出了划分、对比意见。最后讨论了本区元古宙重大地质事件和基底性质，得出了本区无古宙地层纵向四分、横向二分的结论。     

华中榴辉岩域的岩浆型榴辉岩及其形成机制

中国中部鄂豫皖苏鲁的榴辉岩分布面积约达５００００ｋｍ＾２，构成地球上一个罕见的宏大的榴辉岩域。榴辉岩的主要围岩是长曲质片麻岩，它与榴辉岩不是相同高压变质作用的产物。     

麻粒岩相条件下熔融反应与矿物相转变机制的实验研究

麻粒岩相条件下石榴黑云斜长片麻岩实验结果表明,含水矿物黑云母(Bi)脱水熔融、长英质矿物部分熔融的性质主要受控于温度条件;而矿物相转变不仅受控于温压条件,而且与脱水熔融、部分熔融存在密切成因联系。依据Bi脱水熔融性质和石榴石(Gi)转变反应特征,可划分以下三个阶段:(1)当温度在700℃时,Bi转变为钛铁矿(Ilm)+磁铁矿(Mt)+H_2O,Gt转变为Mt,(2)当温度在730—760℃,Bi脱水熔融为富K_2O熔体(Melt)+Ilm+Mt,Gt转变为紫苏辉石(Hy)+堇青石(Crd);(3)当温度大于790℃时,Bi脱水熔融为Melt+Hy+Ilm+Mt+H_2O,Gt则转变为Hy+尖晶石(Sp)+Crd组合。熔体比例和熔体演化特征除受温压条件控制外,与长英质矿物部分熔融程度和脱水熔融性质关系密切。实验结果显示,在麻粒岩相变质作用以及与其相伴随的重熔作用(或区域性混合岩化作用)过程中,不仅存在传统的固相+固相(或流体相)的反应和脱水熔融反应,而且存在熔体参与的变质反应(即:未熔矿物与熔体之间的反应)。该项实验对深入探讨麻粒岩相矿物演化的成因机制及其动力学意义提供可靠的实验依据。     

Study on fluid-rock equilibrium systems of Fuping gneiss complex, Taihang Mountains

The characters of fluid compositions and fluid-rock equilibrium system of the Archean Fuping gneiss complex, Taihang Mountains are first determined by fluid-rock equilibrium thermodynamics calculations and microthermometry of fluid inclusions. These investigations suggest that the X(H₂0) is generally less than 0.05 in fluids equilibrating with the granulite facies metamorphic mineral assemblage of Fuping gneiss complex, and fluid-rock interaction is chiefly controlled by C0₂-rich fluid infiltration. Project supported by thc National Natural Science Foundation of China.