粤东铁坑坳铁锡多金属矿床锆石及锡石U-Pb年代学、Nd-Hf同位素特征及其意义

铁坑坳铁锡多金属矿床位于粤东莲花山断裂带西部,矿区出露的花岗岩类主要有粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩,花岗质岩石与碳酸盐岩的接触带中发育铁锡多金属矿化。该矿区的成岩成矿时代尚不明确,成矿与哪一种岩体具有成因上的联系也不清楚。文章选择与铁锡多金属矿体相关的花岗岩类的锆石和块状矿石中的锡石,首次开展LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年和Nd-Hf同位素研究。结果表明：粗粒二长花岗岩和花岗闪长斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄分别为（132±1） Ma （n=24,MSWD=0.78）和（94±1） Ma （n=25,MSWD=1.80）;块状矿石中锡石U-Pb年龄为（130±3） Ma （n=36,MSWD=0.62）,成矿时代与粗粒二长花岗岩形成时代基本一致,均形成于早白垩世;粗粒二长花岗岩的锆石ε_Hf （t）变化于-4.9~-0.1,平均值为-2.8,地壳Hf模式年龄T_DMC=1192~1497 Ma,平均值为1366 Ma,全岩ε_Nd （t）值介于-8.8~-8.7,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T_DM2变化于1630~1642 Ma;花岗闪长斑岩的锆石ε_Hf （t）变化于-5.7~-2.9,平均值为-4.4,地壳Hf模式年龄T_DMC=1342~1523 Ma,平均值为1440 Ma,全岩ε_Nd （t）值介于-5.4~-4.9,Nd同位素二阶段模式年龄T_DM2变化于1291~1332 Ma。Nd-Hf同位素综合研究表明,粗粒二长花岗岩的源区物质主要来自于中元古代地壳,有少量幔源组分或新生地壳的加入,花岗闪长斑岩的源区物质中幔源组分或新生地壳的混入比例高于粗粒二长花岗岩。     

Petrogenesis of the ü?kap?l? Granitoid and its Mafic Enclaves in Elmal? Area (Ni?de, Central Anatolia, Turkey)

The Late Cretaceous ükapili Granitoid including mafic microgranular enclaves intruded into metapelitic and metabasic rocks, and overlain unconformably by Neogene ignimbrites in the Ni de area of Turkey. It is mostly granite and minor granodiorite in composition, whereas its enclaves are dominantly gabbro with a few diorites in composition. The ükapili Granitoid is composed mainly of quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, muscovite and minor amphibole while its enclaves contain mostly plagioclase, amphibole, minor pyroxene and biotite. The ükapili Granitoid has calcalkaline and peraluminous (A/CNK= 1.0-1.3) geochemical characteristics. It is characterized by high LILE/HFSE and LREE/HREE ratios ((La/Lu) N = 3-33), and has negative Ba, Ta, Nb and Eu anomalies, resembling those of collision granitoids. The ükapili Granitoid has relatively high 87Sr/86Sr (i) ratios (0.711189-0.716061) and low εNd (t) values (-5.13 to -7.13), confirming crustal melting. In contrast, the enclaves are tholeiitic and metaluminous, and slightly enriched in LILEs (K, Rb) and Th, and have negative Ta, Nb and Ti anomalies; propose that they were derived from a subduction-modified mantle source. Based on mineral and whole rock chemistry data, the ükapili granitoid is H-(hybrid) type, post-collision granitoid developed by mixing/mingling processes between crustal melts and mantle-derived mafic magmas.     

花岗岩研究与大陆动力学

花岗岩是大陆地壳的主要物质组成之一 ,蕴含着探索大陆动力学的重要信息。成因研究特别是混合成因研究可以提供探索大陆结构、生长及壳幔相互作用演化的信息 ;花岗岩形成演化揭示了构造动力学演化、大陆动力学演化及壳幔相互作用演化的某些特点 ;岩浆上升、迁移是大陆内部能量传播、物质迁移和调整的一种形式 ;岩浆的聚集及岩体生产方式与大陆块体运动学、动力学密切相关 ;岩体定时、定位对大陆块体时空定位提供了限制条件 ;变形岩体可作为区域应变标志体和时间标志体 ,研究大陆的变形 ,并有助于古老块体早期构造的解析。这些研究涉及到大陆的形成、演化、内部物质再分配、热动力效应和构造变动等动力学等问题 ,是花岗岩研究与大陆动力学研究的结合点。     

Thermal evolution of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, southwestern Japan: Tectonic and numerical modeling

Abstract The Ryoke metamorphic belt of southwestern Japan is composed of Cretaceous Ryoke granitoids and associated metamorphic rocks of low-pressure facies series. The Ryoke granitoids are divided into sheet-like bodies (e.g. Gamano granodiorite) and stock-like bodies. The Gamano granodiorite intruded concordantly into the high-grade metamorphic rocks without development of a contact metamorphic aureole, and the intrusion ages of the granodiorite are similar to the ages of thermal peak of the low pressure (low-P) metamorphism. It is suggested that the low-P Ryoke metamorphism resulted from the intrusion of the Gamano granodiorite. In this study, a simple 1-D numerical model of conductive heat transfer was used to evaluate the thermal effects of emplacement of the Gamano granodiorite. Calculated temperature-time ( T-t ) paths are characterized by a rapid increase of metamorphic temperature and a relatively short-lived period of high temperature. For example, the T-t path at the 15-km depth is characterized by a rapid average increase in temperature of 1.4 × 10-³°C/year and high temperatures for < ca 0.5 Ma. The calculated peak temperature for each depth is nearly equal to the petrologically estimated value for each correlated metamorphic zone. The results suggest that the magma-intrusion model is one possible thermal model for low-pressure facies series metamorphism.     

华南花岗岩物源成因特征与陆壳演化

华南不同时代的花岗岩按物质来源及成因可划分为:幔源(分异)系列:幔-壳混源(同熔)系列;壳源改造(重熔)系列和幔-壳混源碱性系列等四个不同的系列,简要阐述了划分四类系列的岩石学、地球化学的依据。侧重根据Sm-Nd、Rb-Sr同位素成分,以二元混合模型计算了花岗岩源区物质组成中,上壳和亏损地幔组份各占的比例。在此基础上探讨了不同物源成因系列花岗岩形成与华南陆壳演化的内在联系:东安、雪峰旋回褶皱系阶段花岗岩物源成因类型比较多样,有幔源(分异)系列、不成熟壳源、成熟壳源改造(重熔)系列等;加里东,海西期以陆壳改造(重熔)系列为主;印支、燕山期活化区(地洼)阶段,在地幔活化激发下,中国东部陆缘形成幔—壳混源(同熔)系列花岗岩和相应的火山岩;但沿内部断裂带,在壳下地幔热传输及构造作用下引起陆壳重熔,形成属于壳源改造(重熔)系列花岗岩。同位素的研究证明了:地洼阶段的构造-岩浆活动主要动力是来自壳下地幔的活化。     

山东旧店金矿床花岗岩类锆石U-Pb年龄及对招平断裂带南段岩浆活动规律的约束

山东旧店金矿床位于胶东半岛招平断裂带南段,是以石英脉型矿化为主的中型金矿床。矿区内花岗岩类十分发育,类型多样,但是对这些花岗岩类的形成时代和成因一直缺乏深入研究,制约了对该矿床成矿地球动力学背景的认识。对该矿床4号、6号和12号矿脉出露的花岗质片麻岩、含石榴子石二长花岗岩、黑云二长花岗岩及花岗伟晶岩开展了详细的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,获得花岗质片麻岩年龄为709.1±4.1 Ma(6号脉),含石榴子石二长花岗岩年龄为164.1±1.9 Ma(4号脉),黑云二长花岗岩年龄为157.5±1.1 Ma(4号脉)和145.2±1.5 Ma(6号脉),花岗质伟晶岩年龄为146.5±0.7 Ma(12号脉)。综合野外地质特征和前人研究结果表明,旧店金矿床存在新元古代、晚侏罗世和早白垩世3期岩浆活动,其中晚侏罗世含石榴子石二长花岗岩和黑云二长花岗岩形成于岩石圈由挤压向伸展转变阶段,均为S型花岗岩,它们既是该矿床的赋矿岩体,同时可能也是成矿母岩。     

Guandishan Granitoids of the Paleoproterozoic Lüliang Metamorphic Complex in the Trans-North China Orogen: SHRIMP Zircon Ages, Petrogenesis and Tectonic Implications

Abstract: The Paleoproterozoic Lüliang Metamorphic Complex (PLMC) is situated in the middle segment of the western margin of the Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO), North China Craton (NCC). As the most important lithological assemblages in the southern part of the PLMC, Guandishan granitoids consist of early gneissic tonalities, granodiorites and gneissic monzogranites, and younger gneissic to massive monzogranites. Petrochemical features reveal that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites belong to the medium-K calc-alkaline series; the early gneissic monzogranites are transitional from high-K calc-alkaline to the shoshonite series; the younger gneissic to massive monzogranites belong to the high-k calc-alkaline series, and all rocks are characterized by right-declined REE patterns and negative Nb, Ta, Sr, P, and Ti anomalies in the primitive mantle normalized spidergrams. SHRIMP zircon U–Pb isotopic dating reveals that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites formed at ~2.17 Ga, the early gneissic monzogranites at ~2.06 Ga, and the younger gneissic to massive monzogranites at ~1.84 Ga. Sm–Nd isotopic data show that the early gneissic tonalities and granodiorites have εNd(t) values of +0.48 to ?3.19 with Nd-depleted mantle model ages (TDM) of 2.76–2.47 Ga, and early gneissic monzogranites have εNd(t) values of ?0.53 to ?2.51 with TDM of 2.61–2.43 Ga, and the younger gneissic monzogranites have εNd(t) values of ?6.41 to ?2.78 with a TDM of 2.69–2.52 Ga.These geochemical and isotopic data indicate that the early gneissic tonalities, granodiorites, and monzogranites were derived from the partial melting of metamorphosed basaltic and pelitic rocks, respectively, in a continental arc setting. The younger gneissic to massive monzogranites were derived by partial melting of metamorphosed greywackes within the continental crust. Combined with previously regional data, we suggest that the Paleoproterozoic granitoid magmatism in the Guandishan granitoids of the PLMC may provide the best geological signature for the complete spectrum of Paleoproterozoic geodynamic processes in the Trans-North China Orogen from oceanic subduction, through collisional orogenesis, to post-orogenic extension and uplift.     

Petrochemistry of Granitoids Along the Loei Fold Belt,Northeastern Thailand

Petrochemical characteristics of Permo‐Triassic granitoids from five regions (i) Mung Loei, (ii) Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, (iii) Phetchabun, (iv) Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and (v) Rayong – Chantaburi along the Loei Fold Belt (LFB), northeastern Thailand were studied. The LFB is a north–south trending 800 km fold belt that hosts several gold and base‐metal deposits. The granitoids consist of monzogranite, granodiorite, monzodiorite, tonalite, quartz‐syenite, and quartz‐rich granitoids. These are composed of quartz, plagioclase, and K‐feldspar with mafic minerals such as hornblende and biotite. Accessory minerals, such as titanite, zircon, magnetite, ilmenite, apatite, garnet, rutile, and allanite are also present. Magnetic susceptibilities in the SI unit of granitoids vary from 6.5 × 10⁻³ to 15.2 × 10⁻³ in Muang Loei, from 0.1 × 10⁻³ to 29.4 × 10⁻³ in Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, from 2.7 × 10⁻³ to 34.6 × 10⁻³ in Petchabun, from 2.4 × 10⁻³ to 14.1 × 10⁻³ in Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and from 0.03 × 10⁻³ to 2.8 × 10⁻³ in Rayong – Chantaburi. Concentration of major elements suggests that these intermediate to felsic plutonic rocks have calc‐alkaline affinities. Concentration of REE of the granitoids normalized to chondrite displays moderately elevated light REE (LREE) and relatively flat heavy (HREE) patterns, with distinct depletion of Eu. Rb versus Y/Nb and Nb/Y tectonic discrimination diagrams illustrate that the granitoids from Muang Loei, Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep, Phetchabun, Nakon Sawan – Lobburi, and Rayong – Chantaburi formed in continental volcanic‐arc setting. New age data from radiometric K‐Ar dating on K‐feldspar from granodiorite in Loei and Nakhon Sawan areas yielded 171 ± 3 and 221 ± 5 Ma, respectively. K‐Ar dating on hornblende separated from diorite in Lobburi yielded 219 ± 8 Ma. These ages suggest that magmatism of Muang Loei occurred in the Middle Jurassic, and Nakon Sawan – Lobburi occurred in Late Triassic. Both Nb versus Y and Rb versus (Y + Nb) diagrams and age data indicate that Nakon Sawan – Lobburi granitoids intruded in Late Triassic at Nong Bua, Nakon Sawan province and Khao Wong Phra Jun, Lobburi province in volcanic arc setting. Muang Loei granitoids at the Loei province formed later in Middle Jurassic also in volcanic arc setting. The negative δ³⁴S_CDT values of ore minerals from the skarn deposit suggest that the I‐type magma has been influenced by light biogenic sulfur from local country rocks. The Au‐Cu‐Fe‐Sb deposits correlate with the magnetite‐series granitoids in Phetchabun, Nakon Sawan – Lobburi and Rayong – Chantaburi areas. Metallogeny of the Au and Cu‐Au skarn deposits and the epithermal Au deposit is related to adakitic rocks of magnetite‐series granitoids from Phetchabun and Nakon Sawan areas. All mineralizations along the LFB are generated in the volcanic arc related to the subduction of Paleo‐Tethys. The total Al (^TAl) content of biotite of granitoids increases in the following order: granitoids associated with Fe and Au deposit < with Cu deposit < barren granitoids. X_Mg of biotite in granitoids in Muang Loei indicates the crystallization of biotite in magnetite‐series granitoids under high oxygen fugacity conditions. On the other hand, low X_Mg (<0.4) of biotite in magnetite‐series granitoids in Phu Thap Fah – Phu Thep and Rayong – Chantaburi indicates a reduced environment and low oxygen fugacity, associated with Au skarn deposit (Phu Thap Fah) and Sb‐Au deposit (Bo Thong), respectively. The magnetite‐series granitoids at Phu Thap Fah having low magnetic susceptibilities and low X_Mg of biotite were formed by reduction of initially oxidizing magnetite‐series granitic magma by interaction with reducing sedimentary country rocks as suggested by negative δ³⁴S_CDT values.     

西准噶尔南部晚古生代侵入岩特征和构造背景

西准噶尔地区南部达拉布特断裂两侧广泛发育晚古生代花岗岩类,其锆石U-Pb年龄范围为337~276 Ma,属早石炭世-早二叠世.基于前人相关研究资料和成果,总结区内花岗岩类的岩石学、地球化学特征,认为：①岩石类型从早到晚由中性的闪长岩向酸性的花岗岩及碱长花岗岩转变.相应地,成因类型由埃达克岩质花岗岩→岛弧I型花岗岩→A型花岗岩.②岩石系列从早到晚由钙碱性向高钾钙碱性及后期钾玄岩系列转变.相应地,Na2O/K2O比值亦由大于1向小于1转变.③从早到晚区内花岗岩类的∑REE、δEu、L/H及Sr、Yb含量均呈规律性变化.并且相对富集LILE,亏损HFSE和不同程度亏损Nb、Ta.④均具有高正εNd（t）、低（87Sr/86Sr）i值和Nd模式年龄较小的特征.⑤在构造环境判别图解上,区内花岗岩从早到晚显示出由碰撞挤压向后碰撞伸展体制转换的趋势.上述几点说明区内花岗岩可能主要产出于后碰撞挤压-伸展转换和伸展拉张的构造背景,并且早阶段的岩浆活动可能与俯冲-碰撞背景下的俯冲板片断离密切相关.