Gneiss-Water Interaction and Water Evolution During the Early Stages of Dissolution Experiments at Room Temperature

Gneiss-distilled water interaction at room temperature was investigated with batch-reactors to study water-rock reaction and geochemical evolution of the aqueous phase with time. The ion concentrations in water were controlled not only by the dissolution of primary minerals, but also by the precipitation of secondary minerals. The decreasing fraction sizes of gneiss could favor dissolution and precipitation simultaneously. Ca^2 and K^ were the major cations, and HCO3^- was the major anion in water. All the ions except Ca^2 increased in concentration with time. The Ca^2 release from the rock to the aqueous phase was initially much faster than the release of K^ , Na^2 and Mg^2 . But after about 5 - 24 hours, the Ca^2 concentrations in water decreased very slowly with time and became relatively stable. During the experiment, the water varied from the Ca-( K)-HCO3-type water to the K-Ca-HCO3-type water, and then to the K-(Ca, Na)-HCO3-type water. The water-gneiss interaction was dominated by the dissolution of Kfeldspar in the solution. The remaining secondary minerals were mainly kaolinite, illite and K (Mg) -mica.     

福建南平花岗伟晶岩中钾长石的矿物学研究

钾长石是南平伟晶岩中分布广泛的一种造岩矿物，它的结晶作用几乎贯穿于伟晶岩形成－演化过程的所有阶段。通过对不同类型伟晶岩和同一类型伟晶岩中不同世代钾长石的产出条件、物理性质、矿物粉晶X光衍射、化学成分等方面研究，发现钾长石在伟晶岩中的分布有明显的规律性。这不仅深化了对南平伟晶岩形成机制的了解，而且对钾长石的综合利用也有重要意义。     

Petrogenesis of the Ulsan carbonate rocks from the south-eastern Kyongsang Basin, South Korea

Abstract The petrogenesis of the Ulsan carbonate rocks in the Mesozoic Kyongsang Basin of South Korea, which have previously been interpreted as limestone of Paleozoic age, is reconsidered in the present study. Within the Kyongsang Basin, a small volume of carbonate rocks, containing a magnetite deposit and spatially associated ultramafic rocks, is surrounded by sedimentary, volcanic and granitic rocks of the Mesozoic age. The simple cross‐cutting relationships and other outcrop features of the area indicate that the carbonate rocks are an intrusive phase and younger than the other surrounding Mesozoic rocks. The Ulsan carbonates have low concentrations of rare earth elements (REE) and trace elements with the carbon and oxygen isotope values in the range of δ¹³C_PDB = 2.4 to 4.0‰ and δ¹⁸O_SMOW = 17.0 to 19.5‰. Outcrop evidence and geochemical signatures indicate that the Ulsan carbonates were formed from crustal carbonate melts, which were generated by the melting/fluxing of crustal carbonate materials, caused by the emplacement‐related processes of alkaline A‐type granitic rocks. Compared to typical mantle‐derived carbonatites associated with silica‐undersaturated, strongly peralkaline systems, the relatively small size and geochemical characteristics of the Ulsan carbonates reflect carbonatite genesis in a silica‐saturated, weakly alkali intrusive system. Major deep‐seated tectonic fractures formed by the collapse of the cauldron or the rift system associated with the opening of the East Sea (Japan Sea) might have facilitated the ascent of the crustal carbonate melts.     

大别山双河超高压变质岩的稳定同位素研究

大别山双河地区片麻岩的δ18O值与共生榴辉岩同步变化，为（-4.7—+10.3）‰，这些片麻岩的18O亏损与榴辉岩一样是在遭受超高压变质作用之前原岩与大气降水交换的结果。榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩在板块俯冲、超高压变质和岩片折返过程中可能为一个构造上的整体，两者为“原地”接触关系。     

北淮阳金寨—苏仙石地区中生代花岗岩类岩石学及地球化学特征

位于大别山北麓的北淮阳金寨—苏仙石地区广泛发育花岗岩类侵入岩，同位素年龄为１４０～９７Ｍａ，时代属Ｊ３—Ｋ１。根据侵入岩的地质、岩石学和岩石地球化学特征，将本区侵入岩划分为３个超单元（包括１０个单元）和３个独立单元，分属中性岩和酸性岩两大类，岩石类型有闪长岩、二长岩和花岗岩等。根据岩石化学的判别结果，侵入岩均属亚碱性系列中的钙碱性岩石，并属于普通型和钾质型     

陕西小秦岭地区太华群的重新厘定

陕西小秦岭地区太华群变质岩与国内外许多高级片麻岩区类似，存在大量的深成花岗质片麻岩体，它们经过多期变质变形作用，形成具不同基础岩石类型的多相片麻岩。本文在吸收前人研究成果的基础上，依据区内岩石组合的岩石学、岩石地球化学等特征，将原划太华群重新厘定为太华岩群、翁岔铺片麻岩套、太峪岭片麻岩套、佛头崖单元、罗斑花岗伟晶岩及葫芦沟变砂岩，并首次在本区建立了相应的构─岩石单位体系。     

我国热带亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母风化研究

综合应用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜及偏光显微镜等技术手段研究了我国热带、亚热带部分地区花岗岩和片麻岩中黑云母的风化现象。结果表明，化学风化产物主要有黑云母／蛭石不规则间层矿物、水黑云母、蛭石、０．７ｎｍ埃洛石及铁的氢氧化物（氧化物）等。影响黑云母风化及次生产物形成的主要因素包括黑云母的晶体结构和化学成分、气候、风化壳母岩的矿物成分等。     

关于内蒙与晋冀交界地区早前寒武纪灰片麻岩和孔兹岩的讨论

晋冀内蒙边界地区的早前寒武纪岩石大致以大同－兴和一线为界分为南东部麻粒岩系和北西部孔兹岩系。麻粒岩系中称作灰片麻岩的浅色麻粒岩与世界各地太古代典型的灰片麻岩不同，其矿物组合含斜方辉石或二辉石，岩石化学成分高铁、高镁又高钙，不是典型的太古代灰片麻岩ＴＴＧ岩套，而应称作紫苏斜长花岗岩。如果原来是ＴＴＧ岩浆，则可能是因受表壳岩的混染所致。研究区内孔兹岩系的特征是堇青石片麻岩发育，沿韧性剪切带含堇青石的Ｓ－型花岗岩，以及作为熔融残留体的含堇青石麻粒岩也时有发现。三者的稀土元素分布型式表现出其间的成因关系。孔兹岩系中的夕线石多具近于平行（００１）的变形扭折带，在土贵乌拉还发现夕线石的（１１０）聚片双晶。这可能是夕线石双晶的首次发现。本文对夕线石作了详细测定。其＋２Ｖ＝２６°±０．５°．晶胞参数α＝β＝γ＝９０°，ａ＝７．５０，ｂ＝７．６５，ｃ＝５．８１，Ｖ＝３３０．０６３。     

水口山矿田花岗质潜火山杂岩的成因特征

水口山矿田内发育的花岗质岩石并非是互不联系的单体，而是一套由地下火山作用一潜火山作用在特定的构造条件和不同深度环境下，以不同方式形成的并规律结合的岩浆岩组合──花岗质潜火山杂岩。包括浅成（超浅成）侵入的花岗闪长质岩石、次火山侵入的英安份岩质岩石及其伴生的隐爆碎屑岩类。老鸦巢Ⅳ号角砾岩是英安玢岩质母岩浆在超浅成环境下隐蔽爆破而形成的隐爆角砾岩，它至少存在三条标志以区别于其它各类角砾岩。这套潜火山杂岩具过渡性地质地球化学特征。