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901.
广州市空气颗粒物中烃类物质的粒径分布 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
用 Andersen六段分级大流量采样器 (粒径为 : 10~ 7.2 μ m, 7.2~ 3.0 μ m, 3.0~ 1.5 μ m, 1.5~ 0.95 μ m, 0.95~ 0.49 μ m, ≤ 0.49 μ m)采集了广州市荔湾区 4个季度的大气颗粒物样品 , 用气相色谱 (GC)定量分析了其中的正构烷烃 (n-alkanes)组分,用气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS)定量分析了其中的多环芳烃 (PAHs)组分. CPI2(代表石油成因的碳优势指数 )、 CPI3(代表生物成因的碳优势指数 ) 和 Wax(植物蜡含量 )表明了石油成因的烷烃倾向于富集在细颗粒物上,而生物成因的烷烃倾向于富集在粗颗粒物上.正构烷烃和低相对分子质量多环芳烃表现出双峰模型分布,高相对分子质量多环芳烃呈现单峰模型分布,仅在细颗粒段有一峰值.烷烃和芳烃秋冬季的 MMDs(质量中值直径 )比春夏季的大.在高温季节化合物优先富集在细颗粒物上,而在低温季节则向粗的颗粒物方向偏移. 相似文献
902.
营盘山高陡边坡最大坡高110m,沿坡面走向宽400m,是缓倾内层状岩质高边坡的典型代表。据高陡边坡结构特征,将其划分为上部天然陡崖、中部斜坡崩积体和下部采石陡壁三段,并分别阐述了高陡边坡结构特征对地质灾害的控制作用,及相应的地质灾害防治措施。 相似文献
903.
904.
Pan Wu Changyuan Tang Congqiang Liu Lijun Zhu TingQuan Pei Lijuan Feng 《Environmental Geology》2009,57(7):1457-1467
The chemical characteristics, formation and natural attenuation of pollutants in the coal acid mine drainage (AMD) at Xingren
coalfield, Southwest China, are discussed in this paper based on the results of a geochemical investigation as well as geological
and hydrogeological background information. The chemical composition of the AMD is controlled by the dissolution of sulfide
minerals in the coal seam, the initial composition of the groundwater and the water–rock interaction. The AMD is characterized
by high sulfate concentrations, high levels of dissolved metals (Fe, Al, Mn, etc.) and low pH values. Ca2+ and SO4
2− are the dominant cation and anion in the AMD, respectively, while Ca2+ and HCO3
− are present at significant levels in background water and surface water after the drainage leaves the mine site. The pH and
alkalinity increase asymptotically with the distance along the flow path, while concentrations of sulfate, ferrous iron, aluminum
and manganese are typically controlled by the deposition of secondary minerals. Low concentrations of As and other pollutants
in the surface waters of the Xingren coalfield could be due to relatively low quantities being released from coal seams, to
adsorption and coprecipitation on secondary minerals in stream sediments, and to dilution by unpolluted surface recharge.
Although As is not the most serious water quality problem in the Xingren region at present, it is still a potential environmental
problem.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
905.
906.
UV-B辐射对青岛大扁藻生长及其某些生理特性的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过实验生态学和生物化学的方法,研究了UV-B辐射对青岛大扁藻生长及其叶绿素a(Chl-a)含量、可溶性蛋白含量、过氧化氢(H2O2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力的影响。结果表明:UV-B辐射会抑制青岛大扁藻的生长并对其生理特性产生明显的影响。经过UVB辐射后,Chl-a含量和可溶性蛋白含量在初始阶段(0~3d)有所增加,而后却出现极显著的下降;过氧化氢含量、丙二醛含量和超氧化物歧化酶活力则呈现升高的趋势。 相似文献
907.
908.
变分连续同化中优化步长的推导方法及数值试验 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
一个好的变分同化方法,必须考虑到预报模式具有误差,并对模式误差进行纠正.变分连续同化(VCA)通过在模式方程中引进一个修正项,连续地调整模式变量,从而达到以上目的.在变分连续同化的迭代过程中,优化步长的选取方法对于同化迭代是否收敛、收敛速度快慢与否都至关重要,文中推导了一种有效利用观测资料计算优化步长的新方法,并以大气运动方程中一维非线性平流波和二维惯性波为例,进行了四维变分资料同化数值试验.数值结果表明,VCA方法和计算优化步长的公式都是有效的. 相似文献
909.
910.
Matt K. Broadhurst Russell B. Millar Damian J. Young Michael E. L. Wooden Stuart Rowland 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(5):755-766
Three manipulative experiments were done to estimate the selectivity of conventional and new sizes and configurations of mesh for school prawns, Metapenaeus macleayi, in three south‐eastern Australian recreational fishing gears (haul, push, and scoop nets). The treatment meshes examined were: (1) conventional‐sized, diamond‐shaped mesh used in all gears (20 mm in scoop nets and 30 mm in push and haul nets); (2) 30 mm in scoop nets; and (3) 40‐mm diamond‐ and (4) 23‐mm square‐shaped mesh in all gears. In all experiments, known quantities of school prawns (6–24 mm carapace length (CL)) were placed in purpose‐built enclosures, monitored to ensure no experimental‐induced stress (as measured by changes in L‐lactate in their haemolymph) and the replicate treatments of the various gear configurations deployed. Escapees from the various treatment nets were collected from the enclosures using fine‐meshed nets. Logistic selection curves were derived for all treatment nets and specific comparisons made within and among gears. All nets had 50% retention lengths (L50) comparable to other penaeid‐catching gears with similar mesh sizes, but most had selection ranges (SRs) that were atypically inflated. The large SRs were attributed to a combination of factors that included the mesh geometry and towing speed of the gears and the behaviour of school prawns. The 20‐mm scoop net had the smallest selection parameters, retaining >99% of individuals larger than 13 mm CL. Mesh size in this gear would need to be increased to at least 30 mm to allow some maturing prawns (>18 mm CL) to escape. 相似文献