硅烷偶联剂-PMMA复合接枝包覆绢云母及其改性机理

通过硅烷偶联剂-PMMA复合接枝聚合在超细绢云母粉体表面接枝上聚合物,得到核壳型PMMA/绢云母。经红外光谱(IR)分析知其改性机理为:硅烷偶联剂KH570与超细绢云母表面的羟基发生化学键合而实现预先接枝不饱和基团;在适当的聚合条件下,粉体表面的乙烯基与甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体共聚合,得到核壳型PMMA/绢云母。用热分析(DSC-TG)方法研究了偶联条件及共聚合的条件,得出核壳型PMMA/绢云母的制备条件是:偶联剂浓度7.5%,偶联温度70℃,偶联时间3h;单体用量12.5mL/g,引发剂用量0.015g/mL,温度80℃,时间9h。增加聚合度可以得到绢云母/PMMA复合粉,透射电镜(TEM)观察知绢云母在聚合物中高度分散无团聚。     

Laboratory experiment and digital simulation of multiple fill-cut terrace formation

The formation mechanism of multiple erosional terraces which develop in the dissection process of sedimentary valley fills was investigated by laboratory experiments and computer simulations. Sequences of unpaired terraces were produced on experimental fan-like deposits under conditions of constant water discharge, no base-level change, and no sediment supply. The terraces developed as a result of the repetition of lateral shifting and stillstand of the stream channel at each cross-section during continuous downcutting. This mode of channel migration was caused by meander growth during which amplitude and wavelength increased with time. The terrace formation process was well-reproduced by computer simulations using a meander model having a similar wave mode.     

球状交联壳聚糖树脂的制备及对金属离子吸附研究

以戊二醛为交联剂,利用悬浮聚合法合成了新型壳聚糖树脂,考虑了操作条件对合成树脂性能的影响,通过显微镜显示,树脂的表面结构随着交联剂浓度提高而改善;提高油水体积比,可显著提高树脂粒径;随着搅拌速度的提高,树脂的粒径减小。利用5%壳聚糖溶液,以戊二醛为交联剂可合成较高强度、粒径较小的球状树脂。通过树脂对铜离子的吸附实验可得出树脂具有较好的吸附性能,其最佳吸附pH为5.0,静态吸附容量为2.39mg/g,吸附率为95.3%,拓展了该天然高分子材料在金属离子的富集与回收,以及在工业废水处理领域的应用前景。     

淀粉接枝丙烯腈类吸水剂的制造工艺及其原理

介绍了强吸水剂系列中淀粉接枝丙烯腈类吸水剂的制造工艺流程及其原理 ,并应用过硫酸铵作为引发剂 ,通过实验制出吸水倍率达 10 0 0倍的吸水剂     

热压条件下绿色柯巴树脂的聚化行为及^13C NMR表征

人工热压处理有助于天然柯巴树脂聚化,使其萜烯类侧链上的共轭双键断键,可转变为具一定商业意义的绿色、黄绿色、深橙黄色及黑色柯巴树脂。采用SEM,FTIR,^13C NMR等分析测试方法对热压处理前、后柯巴树脂样品的微结构、红外吸收光谱、^13C NMR共振谱进行了研究与分析。结果表明,热压处理可导致柯巴树脂样品中的初级胶粒相互聚合,形成尺度约为180～210 nm的次级异形微球胶粒,微球胶粒聚合体呈无序分布,彼此间形成良好的界面结合;位于3 077（νC-H）,1 643（νC=C）,889 cm^-1（νC-H）处的红外吸收谱带以及δ=15.8×10-6,82.0×10-6,108.0×10^-6,215.1×10^-6化学位移^13C NMR共振谱峰逐渐消失,由此派生的δ=135×10^-6～13^7×10-6和δ=33.9×10^-6化学位移13C NMR共振谱峰则具重要的鉴定意义。     

An experimental study on the evolution law of roll wave parameters in overland flow

Roll waves commonly occur in overland flow and have an important influence on the progress of soil erosion on slopes. This study aimed to explore the evolution and mechanism of roll waves on steep slopes. The potential effects of flow rate, rainfall intensity and bed roughness on the laws controlling roll wave parameters were investigated. The flow rates, rainfall intensities and bed roughness varied from 5 to 30 L/min, 0 to 150 mm/h, and 0.061 to 1.700 mm, respectively. The results indicate that roll waves polymerize significantly along the propagation path, and bed roughness and rainfall affect the generation and evolution of roll waves. The wave velocity, length and height decreased with bed roughness, whereas the wave frequency increased with increasing bed roughness under fixed flow rate and rainfall intensity conditions. Rainfall increased the wave velocity and wavelength and decreased the wave frequency. The wave velocity, height and wavelength tended to increase with an increasing flow rate. Rainfall promoted the generation of roll waves, whereas bed roughness had the opposite effect. The generation of roll waves is closely related to the Froude number (Fr) and flow resistance. In this experiment, the range of the Reynolds number for the roll waves generated in the laminar region was 142–416, and the range of the flow resistance coefficient was 0.64–4.85. The critical value of the Fr for flow instability in the laminar region was approximately 0.57. Exploring the generation and evolution law of roll waves is necessary for understanding the processes and dynamic mechanisms of slope soil erosion.     

利用粉煤灰制备高强矿物聚合材料的实验研究

以粉煤灰和内蒙古白云鄂博的富钾板岩提钾后的硅铝质滤渣为粉体原料,标准砂为骨料,采用振动成型方法,在90 ℃下养护24 h,制备了矿物聚合材料。实验结果显示：制品的7 d饱水抗压强度达78.5 MPa,28 d饱水抗压强度可达89.0 MPa;制品的含水率和吸水率分别为5.3%和15.0%;在20 ℃下,制品在浓度为1.0 mol/L的硫酸溶液中浸泡24 h,其质量损失率为2.1%。以制品的抗压强度为指标,研究了主要因素（提钾滤渣比例、固液质量比、硅酸钠含量和标准砂含量）对制品性能的影响。结果表明：干燥的提钾滤渣在粉体物料中的比例对制品的力学性能影响最大;硅酸钠水玻璃在液相中的比例约为70%,且标准砂占固相的比例为70%左右时,可制得力学性能良好的矿物聚合材料。矿物聚合材料的固结过程为：硅铝质原料在碱硅酸盐溶液中先分解为铝硅酸盐低聚体,低聚体再通过脱羟基聚合反应生成铝硅酸盐胶体相,进一步形成由[SiO₄]^4- 和[AlO₄]^5-四面体相互连接的具有三维网络结构的矿物聚合材料基体相,从而赋予制品良好的力学性能。     

Preparation of cationic chitosan-polyacrylamide flocculant and its properties in wastewater treatment

Chitosan derived from crab shells,was used to prepare the graft polymer in aqueous solution with acrylamide (AM) and methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC) as raw materials and ceric ammonium nitrate (CAN) as initiator.The floc-culation ability of the resulting polymer (PCAD) was studied in waste water treatment experiments.Its properties were determined on the basis of the transmittance of waste water after flocculation.The effects of chitosan and DMC content on PCAD’s flocculation ability wer...     

微乳液聚合法合成聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料

微乳液聚合法是合成聚合物复合材料的新方法。用微乳液聚合法,先把苯乙烯单体引入蒙脱土层间,再引发聚合反应,利用聚合时放出的热量使蒙脱土片层间距增大,合成聚苯乙烯/蒙脱土复合材料,用XRD、FTIR及SEM等对材料进行表征。研究表明,用微乳液聚合法可使蒙脱土与聚苯乙烯较好地复合,且用CTAB改性蒙脱土合成的复合材料微观形态更加细小和均匀。     

应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖网状植皮创面

应用CHIMEHERB人工皮覆盖烧伤切(削)痂后自体网状植皮创面30例、44个创面,每例平均应用体表面积为5.22％,网状皮扩展比例为1:3.结果有明显积液者5个创面(11.36);感染3个创面(6.82％);需要补植皮创面4个(9.1％).人工皮具有良好的透气性和透湿性,可给创面造成无菌的内环境,未观察到过敏反应和排异现象,贮藏不需特殊设备,使用方便,具有人工皮所要求的基本特性,作为自体网状植皮表层覆盖物,可取得良好效果,值得临床推广应用.