Spatial and temporal changes in microbial diversity of the Marmara Sea sediments

Spatial (10 different locations) and temporal (2 years) changes in characteristics of the Marmara Sea Sediments were monitored to determine interactions between the chemical and microbial diversity. The sediments were rich in terms of hydrocarbon, nitrate, Ni and microbial cell content. Denitrifying, sulfate reducing, fermentative and methanogenic organisms were co-abundant in 15 cm below the sea floor. The local variations in the sediments’ characteristics were more distinctive than the temporal ones. The sulfate and nitrate contents were the main drivers of the changes in the microbial community compositions. N and P were limited for microbial growth in the sediments, and their levels determined the total cell abundance and activity. Seasonal shifts in temperatures of the shallow sediments were also reflected in the active cell abundances. It was concluded that the Marmara Sea is a promising ecosystem for the further investigation of the ecologically important microbial processes.     

白龙江中游地震次生地质灾害特征

依据汶川大地震后甘肃省国土资源厅的排查资料,统计分析了甘肃省南部白龙江中游地区汶川大地震次生地质灾害的特征和分布规律,研究了其分布与主要影响因素的关系。结果表明地震次生地质灾害的分布在较大程度受坡度、地层岩性和人类活动影响。研究结果可为灾后重建场地选择和次生地质灾害防治提供参考。     

新疆且末地磁基准台场址勘选

对拟建设的新疆且末地磁台进行场址勘选,采取十字剖面测量和密跨度测量方法进行地磁场总强度F测量,对测量结果进行初步分析.分析结果表明,且末地磁台的地质条件、磁场梯度分布和背景噪声环境等地磁观测环境条件,符合国家地磁台建设规范的要求,适宜地磁基准台站建设.     

福州地震台TJ-2型体积式应变仪安装及注水试验

在安装福州地震台TJ-2型体积式应变仪过程中,发现存在钻孔选点与观测室分开考虑等问题,提出一些建议。井孔注水试验结果揭示,该井孔探头顶部可能存在一个与探头近距离的含水层干扰。初步对气压、水位、降雨影响进行分析。     

山西周边地区地震类型分区特征

中国大陆中强地震余震序列的研究(王华林,周翠英,1997;刁守中等,2002;蒋海昆等,2006)表明,中强地震序列类型空间分布具有统计意义上较明显的区域性特征.即某些区域中强地震以某种类型的序列活动为主,另一些区域又以另外类型的序列活动为主,固定区域的序列类型保持相对的稳定性.事实上,     

云地闪初次闪击算法的设计

首先介绍了闪电形成的概念模型,在此基础上提取反射率因子、环境等温层高度、最大反射率因子的对应垂直高度变化和垂直积分液态含水量来构建广东云地闪初生算法.其次,利用2007年广东新一代雷达和闪电定位系统收集的大量强对流资料,对广东云地闪初生算法进行应用评估.对于138个风暴样本,CSI为69％,POD为89％,FAR为25％,空报较多.利用雷达垂直剖面资料分析误差产生的原因.算法漏报有两种情况:一是由于雷达天顶盲区的影响,使得该区域内的风暴垂直探测严重不足;二是环境等温层高度的估算存在困难,实际操作中选择了探空资料-15℃层的平均高度值.空报的主要原因在于一些风暴虽然达到或超过了反射率因子阈值,但是其强反射率因子核区在垂直方向上伸展不够,相对较薄,说明垂直运动不够充分,难以将水凝物输送到较高的环境等温层高度上,从而不会产生闪电.最后,根据误差分析对云地闪初生算法进行改进.一方面增加反射率垂直梯度因子的判别,减少因风暴垂直发展不足所造成的算法空报;另一方面,适当降低环境等温层的高度,选择7 000 m替代此前的7 757 m.再次利用前面构建的强对流资料集,评估算法改进后的效果.改进后的算法在一定程度上控制了空报率,空报单体由此前的31个减少到23个,FAR由25％降低至19％,但CSI则从69％增加到74％.     

Pyrite–anhydrite–magnetite–pyroxene-type deposits and coexisting hydrothermal fluids in Mesozoic volcanic basins, Yangtze River Valley, China

Anhydrite–pyrite–magnetite–pyroxene–type deposits occur in the Mesozoic volcanic areas of the Middle–Lower Yangtze Valley in China. These deposits are hosted in alkaline basaltic rocks, and are generally accompanied by melanocratic and leucocratic alteration zones, both of which are characterized by a distinct vertical zonation pattern. Investigation of these zones indicates that the chemical compositions of solid solutions and polymorphs of various minerals vary spatially in the alteration profile, upwards from the lowest level, and outwards from the center.Here we report a case study on the Luohe deposit. In the melanocratic-alteration zone, the composition of magnetite (including trace elements Ti, V, Mg, Mn), pyroxene (Mg, Fe²⁺, Fe³⁺, Al₂O₃), plagioclase (An_xAb_{1 − x}), pyrite (Co, Ni) and apatite (F, CeO₂ + Y₂O₃ + La₂O₃) changes with depth. The isotherms of hydrothermal fluids determined from fluid inclusion data, including homogenization temperature and salinity, also vary with depth.Activity diagrams were constructed from mineral and isotherm analysis to estimate the chemical constraints on the alteration-mineral assemblages and the coexisting hydrothermal solutions for the Na₂O–K₂O–CaO–MgO–FeO–Fe₂O₃–A1₂O₃–SiO₂–H₂SO₄–H₂S–HCI–H₂O system at 350 to 600 °C and 500 bars (50 MPa), assuming that the major alteration mineral assemblages along the profile reflect the nature of the coexisting hydrothermal solutions. The activity diagrams adopted the major minerals as buffers to fix the activities of the aqueous species in the system, simulating the physicochemical conditions of the magnetite–anhydrite–pyroxene equilibrium and of solid solutions of diopside–hedenbergite, grossular–andradite and anorthite–albite found in the profile.This study provides an approach to modeling the chemical constraints of coexisting fluids in ore-alteration zones based on field observations.     

川东北地区长兴组生物礁成礁类型及分布

目前在川东北地区发现了龙岗、普光、黄龙、五百梯等多个生物礁气藏,它们具有储层较厚、面积较大、储量丰度高等特点,展示出了广阔的滚动勘探开发前景。本文根据野外露头与钻井资料,结合前人研究成果,通过对生物礁的造礁生物古生态特征研究,按照生物礁所处的古地理位置、礁体的形态和礁岩的特征,归纳总结出川东北地区长兴组生物礁主要分为台地边缘礁和台内点礁,其特征差异明显。台地边缘礁主要表现为规模较大,礁组合相带完整,礁体旋回较少,水体能量强,其分布受古地理位置、古地貌环境控制,主要沿海槽两侧呈串珠状分布;台内点礁主要表现为规模较小,水体能量较弱,造礁生物个体较小,无礁前礁后沉积,礁体旋回较多,发育有凝块石,主要发育在长兴组中下部,分布规律性不强,主要受古地貌影响,沿台内局部高地随机分布。     

胜坨地区沙四上亚段物源体系分析

物源问题的研究对于了解和确定研究区有利沉积相带及储集砂体的分布、寻找有利油气储集层具有重要意义。胜坨地区沙四上勘探程度相对较低,前人关于目的层段的物源体系的研究成果很少。为了进一步查清研究区沙四上沉积时期砂体成因和物源方向,更好地预测砂体的分布,本文综合运用地震、测井、地球化学等资料,采用古地貌分析法、沉积砂体岩屑类型对比法、砂岩百分含量法和沉积物特征元素等方法探讨了胜坨地区沙四上亚段砂体的物源方向,并结合特征元素物源指数判别公式对沙四上亚段物源体系实现了定量评价。综合分析认为研究区沙四上亚段具有多物源体系特征,除了直接来自于胜北断层和坨94断层上升盘的物源外,还有沿着胜北断层与坨94断层转换带处的物源体系。     

内蒙古海拉尔盆地乌尔逊凹陷热演化史

乌尔逊凹陷是内蒙古海拉尔盆地内勘验程度较高的一个南部凹陷,该凹陷沉积厚度大,地层发育全,生油条件十分优越,是海拉尔盆地主要产油气凹陷。主要烃源岩层是南屯组,其次是铜钵庙组和大磨拐河组。根据磷灰石裂变径迹法恢复的乌尔逊凹陷早白垩世古地温梯度为3.44℃/hm,接近现今地温梯度3.3℃/hm。古地温恢复及热演化史模拟表明,乌尔逊凹陷中生代以来经历了一个升温过程,下白垩统烃源岩热演化程度主要受现今地温场控制。热演化史与油气关系研究结合伊利石测年结果表明,乌尔逊凹陷油气成藏期主要有两期,为早白垩世晚期及古近纪以来,且以早白垩世晚期为主要成藏期;古近纪以来为第二期成藏阶段,烃源岩进入第二次生油高峰期。第二次成藏时期对乌尔逊凹陷油气藏的形成起着重要作用,是制约油气富集的重要因素。