高精度重力资料在胜利油区油气藏探测中的应用

摘要：应用改进的重力归一化总梯度法（ＧＨ法）对胜利油田ＤＢ区的高精度重力测量资料进行了处理。计算了ＧＨ值在地下的三维分布。某一深度ＧＨ平面等值线图中的闭合极小值（ＧＨ低）反映了低密度体的存在及其水平位置,而不同深度等值线图中ＧＨ低的数目的变化可以近似表示低密度体集中的深度范围。ＧＨ平面等值线图还可以为选择ＧＨ铅垂断面图的方向提供依据。ＧＨ铅垂断面等值线图中的闭合极小值更清楚地显示出低密度体的形态及其近似深度。计算出的ＧＨ值的三维分布与钻井资料的比较表明,ＧＨ的闭合极小值与已知油气藏在位置上有较明显的相关关系。     

基于二维NLCG反演的水文地质结构辨识研究

地下水调查是草原水资源合理开发利用的前提,而探明水文地质结构对地下水调查尤为重要。笔者充分利用大地电磁法（MT）和地面核磁共振（SNMR）各自的优点,尝试采用MT和SNMR对水文地质结构进行探测,并通过二维非线性共轭梯度（NLCG）反演解译了电性与地层两者的对应关系;实现了典型层状含水层模型和局部含水层模型正反演试验;通过实测数据反演与钻孔资料对比验证了该反演算法对低阻含水层地质体解译的有效性。试验结果对水文地质调查具有一定参考意义,也为同类数据反演提供了方法借鉴。     

Differential Thermal Regimes of the Tarim and Sichuan Basins in China: Implications for Hydrocarbon Generation and Conservation

The uncertainty surrounding the thermal regimes of the ultra-deep strata in the Tarim and Sichuan basins, China, is unfavorable for further hydrocarbon exploration. This study summarizes and contrasts the present-day and paleo heat flow, geothermal gradient and deep formation temperatures of the Tarim and Sichuan basins. The average heat flow of the Tarim and Sichuan basins are 42.5 ± 7.6 mW/m2 and 53.8 ± 7.6 mW/m2, respectively, reflecting the characteristics of ‘cold’ and ‘warm’ basins. The geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0–5,000 m, 0–6,000 m and 0–7,000 m in the Tarim Basin are 21.6 ± 2.9 °C/km, 20.5 ± 2.8 °C/km and 19.6 ± 2.8 °C/km, respectively, while the geothermal gradient with unified depths of 0–5,000 m, 0–6,000m and 0–7,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 21.9 ± 2.3 °C/km, 22.1 ± 2.5 °C/km and 23.3 ± 2.4 °C/km, respectively. The differential change of the geothermal gradient between the Tarim and Sichuan basins with depth probably results from the rock thermal conductivity and heat production rate. The formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m, 7,000 m, 8,000 m, 9,000 m and 10,000 m in the Tarim Basin are 80°C–190°C, 90°C–220°C, 100°C–230°C, 110°C–240°C and 120°C–250°C, respectively, while the formation temperatures at depths of 6,000 m, 7,000 m, 8,000 m and 9,000 m in the Sichuan Basin are 120°C–200°C, 140°C–210°C, 160°C–260°C and 180°C–280°C, respectively. The horizontal distribution pattern of the ultra-deep formation temperatures in the Tarim and Sichuan basins is mainly affected by the basement relief, fault activity and hydrothermal upwelling. The thermal modeling revealed that the paleo-heat flow in the interior of the Tarim Basin decreased since the early Cambrian with an early Permian abrupt peak, while that in the Sichuan Basin experienced three stages of steady state from Cambrian to early Permian, rapidly rising at the end of the early Permian and declining since the late Permian. The thermal regime of the Sichuan Basin was always higher than that of the Tarim Basin, which results in differential oil and gas generation and conservation in the ultra-deep ancient strata. This study not only promotes theoretical development in the exploration of ultra-deep geothermal fields, but also plays an important role in determining the maturation phase of the ultra-deep source rocks and the occurrence state of hydrocarbons in the Tarim and Sichuan basins.     

渭河盆地地温场分布规律及其控制因素

本文以渭河盆地地温场为研究对象,在收集补充新地热井资料及分析测试样品的基础上,通过盆地深部结构、构造特征、地温场特征、热储层特征、地热资源量等分析,建立了盆地不同岩性岩石热导率与深度关系图版,确定了盆地地温场变化规律及地热田控制因素,提出了渭河盆地地热田形成模式。评价了盆地地热资源有利区,为盆地后续的开发利用提供了理论支持。研究认为渭河盆地热地温梯度分布在2.34～5.85℃/100m之间,平均地温梯度为3.50℃/100m,代表性大地热流68.33mw/m²,地温梯度及不同深度地层温度具有东高西低、南高北低的特点。热导率总体上具有随深度的增加,逐渐增大的规律,热导率随深度增加主要受压实程度增强控制。相同深度条件下泥岩热导率最低,砂岩热导率居中、白云岩热导率最高。渭河盆地主要为层状地热田,盆地内地热通过热传导及热对流两种方式进行传递,以热传导为主。渭河盆地地热资源丰富,热储层可分为三种类型:①新生界砂岩孔隙型;②下古生界碳酸盐岩岩溶型;③断裂型。渭河盆地地热资源有利区主要分布于西安凹陷、固市凹陷。盆地地温场及地热田分布与莫霍面、软流圈上隆、岩石圈厚度减薄的深部背景...     

Quantifying Barrovian metamorphism in the Danba Structural Culmination of eastern Tibet

The Danba Structural Culmination is a tectonic window into the late Triassic to early Jurassic Songpan‐Garzê Fold Belt of eastern Tibet, which exposes an oblique section through a complete Barrovian‐type metamorphic sequence. Systematic analysis of a suite of metapelites from this locality has enabled a general study of Barrovian metamorphism, and provided new insights into the early thermotectonic history of the Tibetan plateau. The suite was used to create a detailed petrographic framework, from which four samples ranging from staurolite to sillimanite grade were selected for thermobarometry and geochronology. Pseudosection analysis was applied to calculate P–T path segments and determine peak conditions between staurolite grade at ～5.2 kbar and 580 °C and sillimanite grade at ～6.0 kbar and 670 °C. In situ U–Pb monazite geochronology reveals that staurolite‐grade conditions were reached at 191.5 ± 2.4 Ma, kyanite‐grade conditions were attained at 184.2 ± 1.5 Ma, and sillimanite‐grade conditions continued until 179.4 ± 1.6 Ma. Integration of the results has provided constraints on the evolution of metamorphism in the region, including a partial reconstruction of the regional metamorphic field gradient. Several key features of Barrovian metamorphism are documented, including nested P–T paths and a polychronic field gradient. In addition, several atypical features are noted, such as P–T path segments having similar slopes to the metamorphic field gradient, and T_max and P_max being reached simultaneously in some samples. These features are attributed to the effects of slow tectonic burial, which allows for thermal relaxation during compression. While nested, clockwise P–T–t loops provide a useful framework for Barrovian metamorphism, this study shows that the effects of slow burial can telescope this model in P–T space. Finally, the study demonstrates that eastern Tibet experienced a significant phase of crustal thickening during the Mesozoic, reinforcing the notion that the plateau may have a long history of uplift and growth.     

单轴压缩下岩石应变局部化的应变梯度塑性解

通过在屈服函数中引入材料内部长度建立应变梯度塑性增量本构关系,对岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下应变局部化的二维情况进行了研究。首先,建立了在Mises屈服准则下平面应变情况的岩石材料应变局部化带的带宽与其倾角的关系式,讨论了其带宽的分布范围和最大值与最小值形成的条件,给出岩石材料破坏Ⅰ, Ⅱ类变形的条件,并推出破坏的临界角度;其次,对岩石材料Ⅰ类变形进行了详细地分析,讨论了在不同泊松比 和 条件下材料应变局部化带的倾角的变化范围;最后,利用所得的结论同材料破坏的库仑准则进行对比研究,对内摩擦系数给予了合理的解释。     

磁梯度探测在工程基桩桩长检测中的应用

磁梯度探测方法可以高效、高精度探测具有铁磁性的地下障碍物深度,因此在工程基桩长度测试中有良好的效果。     

综合物探技术在石家庄凹陷地热勘查中的应用

在岩石密度、磁性、电性综合分析的基础上,提出用重力资料反演广义新生界基底,利用航磁资料研究太古宇、下元古界结晶基底的研究思路.根据大地电磁测深资料,对新生界、中生界和古生界垂向分布进行了深入研究,结合重力剖面反演进一步予以证实.工作结果在石家庄凹陷内发现槐底低凸起存在,是寻找寒武系、奥陶系灰岩类型的地热远景有利地区;发现石家庄市区内存在南北、东西2个新生界深洼槽,分别为石家庄火车站至永壁深洼槽和永壁至二十里铺深洼槽.     

直流激电测深二维反演的若干问题研究

目前,激电数据的二维反演主要针对高密度激电数据,而对于常规的激电测深则很少涉及.据此,针对常规激电测深二维反演所涉及到的一些技术难点进行探讨.在正演过程中,根据实测数据实现有限元网格自动剖分,并采用双网格系统,用相邻节点电导率双线性连续进行有限元模拟,并对模拟的误差进行校正.在反演过程中,利用互换原理和Broyden的方法计算偏导数矩阵;采用与奇异值分解算法精度相当的共轭梯度算法求解偏导数矩阵方程.最后通过对模拟数据和实测数据进行反演试算,验证本计算方法是可行的.     

One‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient: a Stefan problem with rate‐dependent latent heat

During the process of one‐dimensional consolidation with a threshold gradient, the seepage front moves downward gradually, and the problem is indicated as a Stefan problem. The novel feature in this Stefan problem is a latent heat that varies inversely with the rate of the moving boundary. An exact solution for the external load that increases in proportion to the square root of time is constructed using the similarity transformation technique. Computational examples concerning the effect of different parameters on the motion of the seepage front are presented. The exact solution provides a worthwhile benchmark for verifying the accuracy of numerical and approximate methods. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.