SWDC－4数字航空摄影的质量检查内容及实现手段

针对SWDC－4（ Si wei Digital Camera ）框幅式数字航空摄影的成果质量检查内容,设计了相应的航摄质量、影像质量、文档资料等成果质量检查方法。此方法在日常生产中可快速检查航摄成果质量,对外业航摄进度和内业后期数据处理具有指导意义。     

国际游客凝视与旅游文明——基于“印象·刘三姐”的实证研究

在旅游场景中,旅游交往与凝视无处不在。国际游客来华旅行,接触普通的中国游客、百姓,在最生活化的凝视中强化对中国社会、生活、文明各个方面的认知。本研究以中国最知名的山水实景演出——"印象·刘三姐",为研究场景,以国际游客的自由评论为数据来源,利用Leximancer分析国际游客的"印象·刘三姐"观看体验。研究表明,东道主与在场观众的互动是国际游客体验的重要部分。进一步分析发现,国际游客对演出感到满意,对东道主(当地农民、渔民)的表演大加赞赏。可是,不少国际游客对在场的部分中国游客行为,特别是观演礼仪,感到不满。本研究对旅游资源开发、游客教育、塑造公民文明旅游行为起一定的借鉴意义。     

天气气候与健康——兼论中国气候与中医养生文化

人生活在大气之中,人的健康和疾病深受气象条件影响,我国盛行大陆性季风气候,冬冷夏热和冷干夏湿,这种特殊的气候条件,诞生了中国的特殊医学－中医,中医是中国对人类的巨大贡献,并大大丰富了世界医药文化的宝库。     

Annual and Seasonal Variations of the Sea Surface Heat Fluxes in the East Asian Marginal Seas

Based on the twice-daily marine atmospheric variables which were derived mostly from the weather maps for 18 years period from 1978 to 1995, the surface heat flux over the East Asian marginal seas was calculated at 0.5°×0.5° grid points twice a day. The annual mean distribution of the net heat flux shows that the maximum heat loss occurs in the central part of the Yellow Sea, along the Kuroshio axis and along the west coast of the northern Japanese islands. The area off Vladivostok turned out to be a heat-losing region, however, on the average, the amount of heat loss is minimum over the study area and the estuary of the Yangtze River also appears as a region of the minimum heat loss. The seasonal variations of heat flux show that the period of heat gain is longest in the Yellow Sea, and the maximum heat gain occurs in June. The maximum heat loss occurs in January over the study area, except the Yellow Sea where the heat loss is maximum in December. The annual mean value of the net heat flux in the East/Japan Sea is −108 W/m² which is about twice the value of Hirose et al. (1996) or about 30% higher than Kato and Asai (1983). For the Yellow Sea, it is about −89 W/m² and it becomes −75 W/m² in the East China Sea. This increase in values of the net heat flux comes mostly from the turbulent fluxes which are strongly dependent on the wind speed, which fluctuates largely during the winter season. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

3维块匹配小波变换的极化SAR非局部均值滤波

极化合成孔径雷达(SAR)图像受相干斑噪声的影响,难以很好地保持结构特性,针对这个问题提出了一种采用3维块匹配小波变换的非局部均值滤波算法NL-3DWT(Nonlocal Filter based on 3-D Patch Matching Wavelet Transform)。该算法使用块匹配的3维非抽样小波变换对极化总功率图进行预滤波,在此基础上使用边界对齐窗提取结构相似像素,同时使用Sigma范围选择极化SAR数据的散射相似像素,共同构成相似像素集合;构建结构保持权重函数增大图像结构信息在块相似性度量时的权重,最终实现极化SAR图像结构保持的相干斑抑制。该算法增强了图像结构特征的表达,提高了结构相似像素选择的准确性,机载极化SAR数据实验结果表明,NL-3DWT算法能够在抑制相干斑噪声的同时,更有效地保持极化SAR图像的结构特性和极化散射特性。     

做好防雷减灾工作之我见

从六个方面的防雷减灾工作入手,重点介绍提高防雷工作重要性的认识、做好防雷的宣传工作、注意工作方式方法、争取相关部门的支持、树立良好形象、加强自身建设的的工作的思路与做法。     

Efficient sampling and data reduction techniques for probabilistic seismic lifeline risk assessment

Probabilistic seismic risk assessment for spatially distributed lifelines is less straightforward than for individual structures. While procedures such as the ‘PEER framework’ have been developed for risk assessment of individual structures, these are not easily applicable to distributed lifeline systems, due to difficulties in describing ground‐motion intensity (e.g. spectral acceleration) over a region (in contrast to ground‐motion intensity at a single site, which is easily quantified using Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis), and since the link between the ground‐motion intensities and lifeline performance is usually not available in closed form. As a result, Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and its variants are well suited for characterizing ground motions and computing resulting losses to lifelines. This paper proposes a simulation‐based framework for developing a small but stochastically representative catalog of earthquake ground‐motion intensity maps that can be used for lifeline risk assessment. In this framework, Importance Sampling is used to preferentially sample ‘important’ ground‐motion intensity maps, and K‐Means Clustering is used to identify and combine redundant maps in order to obtain a small catalog. The effects of sampling and clustering are accounted for through a weighting on each remaining map, so that the resulting catalog is still a probabilistically correct representation. The feasibility of the proposed simulation framework is illustrated by using it to assess the seismic risk of a simplified model of the San Francisco Bay Area transportation network. A catalog of just 150 intensity maps is generated to represent hazard at 1038 sites from 10 regional fault segments causing earthquakes with magnitudes between five and eight. The risk estimates obtained using these maps are consistent with those obtained using conventional MCS utilizing many orders of magnitudes more ground‐motion intensity maps. Therefore, the proposed technique can be used to drastically reduce the computational expense of a simulation‐based risk assessment, without compromising the accuracy of the risk estimates. This will facilitate computationally intensive risk analysis of systems such as transportation networks. Finally, the study shows that the uncertainties in the ground‐motion intensities and the spatial correlations between ground‐motion intensities at various sites must be modeled in order to obtain unbiased estimates of lifeline risk. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

边疆少数民族地区高校《遥感基础与应用》课程教学的几点思考和体会

《遥感基础与应用》课程是土地资源管理专业的专业必修课,根据边疆少数民族地区高校学生的特点,按照因材施教的原则对汉族和民族学生区别教学,确定不同的教学内容和教材。采用启发-互动式、鼓励加分式教学,充分利用多媒体丰富课堂内容,尝试创新性实验教学,激发学生的学习兴趣,提高教学质量。     

A Methodology for Clustering Lakes in Alberta on the basis of Water Quality Parameters

In this study, a methodology for clustering 18 lakes in Alberta, Canada using the data of 19 water quality parameters for a period of 11 years (1988–2002) is presented. The methods consist of (i) principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the dominant water quality parameters, (ii) cluster analysis techniques to develop the characteristics of the clusters, and (iii) pattern‐match lakes to determine the appropriate cluster for each of the lakes. The PCA revealed that three principal components (PCs) were able to explain ～88% of the variability and the dominant water quality parameters were total dissolved solids, total phosphorus, and chlorophyll‐a. We obtained five clusters for the period 1994–1997 by using the dominant parameters with water quality deteriorating as the cluster number increased from 1 to 5. Upon matching cluster patterns with the entire dataset, it was observed that some of the lakes belonged to the same cluster all the time (e.g., cluster 1 for lakes Elkwater, Gregg, and Jarvis; cluster 3 for Sturgeon; cluster 4 for Moonshine; and cluster 5 for Saskatoon), while others changed with time. This methodology could be applied in other regions of the world to identify the most suitable source waters and prioritize their management. It could be helpful to analyze the natural controlling processes, pollution types, impact of seasonal changes and overall quality of source waters. This methodology could be used for monitoring water bodies in a cost effective and efficient way by sampling only less number of dominant parameters instead of using a large set of parameters.     

郴耒煤田马田矿区F_1断裂特征及深部找煤分析

马田矿区位于郴耒煤田中部,含煤地层为二叠系上统龙潭组,主采煤层为61和62煤。马田推覆断裂F1对马田矿区的含煤地层起着控制、改造和破坏作用。通过对以往地质资料的分析,认为F1断层向区内深部延展,下盘仍保留有龙潭组上段的主要可采煤层61和62煤,在矿区西部庙嘴岭背斜南端寿福寺附近,煤层埋深相对较浅,可作为资源勘查的重点区域;勘查手段宜先采用地震勘查,寻找煤层埋藏较浅区段,再用钻探验证。