Geochemistry of S-type granitic rocks from the reversely zoned Castelo Branco pluton (central Portugal)

The zoned pluton from Castelo Branco consists of Variscan peraluminous S-type granitic rocks. A muscovite>biotite granite in the pluton's core is surrounded successively by biotite>muscovite granodiorite, porphyritic biotite>muscovite granodiorite grading to biotite=muscovite granite, and finally by muscovite>biotite granite. ID-TIMS U–Pb ages for zircon and monazite indicate that all phases of the pluton formed at 310 ± 1 Ma. Whole-rock analyses show slight variation in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr_310 Ma between 0.708 and 0.712, Nd_310 Ma values between − 1 and − 4 and δ¹⁸O values between 12.2 and 13.6. These geological, mineralogical, geochemical and isotopic data indicate a crustal origin of the suite, probably from partial melting of heterogeneous Early Paleozoic pelitic country rock. In detail there is evidence for derivation from different sources, but also fractional crystallization linking some of internal plutonic phases. Least-squares analysis of major elements and modelling of trace elements indicate that the porphyritic granodiorite and biotite=muscovite granite were derived from the granodiorite magma by fractional crystallization of plagioclase, quartz, biotite and ilmenite. By contrast variation diagrams of major and trace elements in biotite and muscovite, the behaviours of Ba in microcline and whole-rock δ¹⁸O, the REE patterns of rocks and isotopic data indicate that both muscovite-dominant granites were probably originated by two distinct pulses of granite magma.     

内蒙古白乃庙金矿含金石英脉LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年及其地质意义

为了厘定内蒙古白乃庙金矿床的成矿时代,对矿区主要含金石英脉中热液蚀变锆石进行了LA-ICP-MS U-Pb测年。结果表明,锆石热液蚀变特征明显,具有清晰的核—幔—边结构,锆石核、幔均为岩浆锆石或变质锆石,热液蚀变增生边呈自形—半自形结构,Th/U值集中于0.2~0.5之间,测年数据为421.4~447.6Ma,认为金矿形成时代为志留纪。从区域成矿规律分析,初步认为白乃庙金矿床的形成与早古生代古亚洲板块向华北地块强烈俯冲引起的构造—岩浆活动密切相关。     

粤西河台金矿锆石SHRIMP年龄及其地质意义

河台金矿是一个受剪切带控制的金矿床,成矿作用分为韧性剪切变质成矿期的韧性剪切变质成矿作用阶段和热液蚀变成矿期的金硅化石英脉阶段、金硫化物阶段以及方铅矿闪锌矿碳酸盐脉阶段,金的成矿主要发生在热液蚀变成矿期的金石英脉阶段和金硫化物阶段。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb测年显示赋矿围岩混合岩中继承性锆石的核部和幔部年龄为343.9~1732Ma,代表形成混合岩原岩的源区岩石的年龄;继承性锆石边部和混合岩化变质作用中新生锆石的年龄平均值为239.6±3.9Ma,属印支期,为混合岩化变质作用的年龄,这一年龄与印支期印支板块与扬子板块、扬子板块与华北板块的碰撞时代相一致,证实在中国华南存在印支期的混合岩化变质作用。韧性剪切变质成矿作用的年龄小于混合岩化变质作用的年龄(239.6±3.9Ma);富硫化物含金石英脉中热液锆石普通铅含量高,为0.65%~2.27%,Th/U值变化围很小,为0.306~0.557,其年龄为152.5±3.1Ma,属燕山期,代表河台金矿主成矿期年龄。     

Geology and rare-earth element geochemistry of highly evolved, molybdenite-bearing granitic plutons, Southeastern Desert, Egypt

The field relations, mineralogy, and major and trace elements (including REE analyses of whole-rock samples and minerals) of granites and their associated molybdenite uranium mineralized aplites in Southeastern Desert, Egypt, have been studied. The granites are leucocratic and mostly peraluminous in nature with muscovite increasing at the expense of biotite. The chemical and mineralogical characteristics of the granitic rocks indicate that their melts originated from the LILE-enriched mantle wedge by partial melting and are contaminated by crustal melts, followed by thermogravitational processes. Leucogranites with higher Na2O/K2O ratios from Um Dargag and Um Maiat crystallized under H2O-saturated equilibrium conditions in which the exsolved vapor continuously migrated away. The REE patterns of the granites studied are characterized by LREE enrichments and negative Eu anomalies. In comparison, the potassic aplites and the more sodic leucogranites are depleted in LREE, enriched in HREE and show more remarkable negative Eu anomalies. Allanite and monazite are the most important REE carriers in the granites. These minerals are strongly enriched in LREE, whereas fluorite and xenotime, which are more abundant in the aplites, are enriched in HREE. The average Lu/Ce ratio represents the fractionation trend with respect to HREE. It is 0.71 for radioactive fluorite, and it increases to 1.22 for non-radioactive fluorite. The high REE contents of molybdenite represent re-deposition of the mobilized Mo and REE. Due to the strong control of accessory minerals, the REEs are of limited use in petrogenetic modelling of highly evolved granitic systems.     

内蒙古沙麦钨矿区高分异花岗岩独居石U-Pb定年及成矿意义

兴蒙造山带是中国北方重要的多金属成矿带,产出有一系列的钨多金属矿床。沙麦钨矿位于内蒙古二连浩特—东乌旗成矿带东侧,是兴蒙造山带发育的典型石英脉型钨矿床之一。通过对沙麦矿区出露的花岗岩开展独居石U-Pb测年,总结区域钨矿化的成矿年龄与矿化特征,探讨区域钨矿成矿时序及构造动力学背景。测年结果显示,沙麦矿区中细粒黑云母二长花岗岩、似斑状黑云母二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Pb谐和年龄分别为(141.6±1.1) Ma 和(141.4±0.3) Ma,进一步确认沙麦钨矿形成于早白垩世。而二连浩特—东乌旗成矿带及其邻区钨矿化存在晚石炭世—早二叠世、早白垩世两期,成矿时代分别发生于约300 Ma和140~130 Ma。300 Ma成矿期钨成矿作用受古亚洲洋的影响;140~130 Ma成矿期为区域钨矿成矿作用高峰期,成矿作用受到古太平洋和蒙古—鄂霍次克洋构造体系叠加作用的影响。     

Tectonic evolution of the West Kunlun Orogenic Belt along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:Implications for the assembly of the Tarim terrane to Gondwana

The West Kunlun orogenic belt(WKOB) along the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau is important for understanding the evolution of the Proto-and Paleo-Tethys oceans. Previous investigations have focused on the igneous rocks and ophiolites distributed mostly along the Xinjiang-Tibet road and the China-Pakistan road, and have constructed a preliminary tectonic model for this orogenic belt. However, few studies have focused on the so-called Precambrian basement in this area. As a result, the tectonic affinity of the individual terranes of the WKOB and their detailed evolution process are uncertain. Here we report new field observations, zircon and monazite U-Pb ages of the "Precambrian basement" of the South Kunlun terrane(SKT) and the Tianshuihai terrane(TSHT), two major terranes in the WKOB. Based on new zircon U-Pb age data, the amphibolite-facies metamorphosed volcanosedimentary sequence within SKT was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic to Cambrian(600-500 Ma), and the flysch-affinity Tianshuihai Group, as the basement of the TSHT, was deposited during the late Neoproterozoic rather than Mesoproterozoic. The rock association of the volcano-sedimentary sequence within SKT suggests a large early Paleozoic accretionary wedge formed by the long-term lowangle southward subduction of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and TSHT. The amphibolitefacies metamorphism in SKT occurred at ca. 440 Ma. This ca. 440 Ma metamorphism is genetically related to the closure of the Proto-Tethys Ocean between Tarim and the Tianshuihai terrane, which led to the assembly of Tarim to Eastern Gondwana and the final formation of the Gondwana. Since the late Paleozoic to early Mesozoic, the northward subduction of the Paleo-Tethys Ocean along the HongshihuQiaoertianshan belt produced the voluminous early Mesozoic arc-signature granites along the southern part of NKT-TSHT. The Paleo-Tethys ocean between TSHT and Karakorum closed at ca. 200 Ma, as demonstrated by the monazite age of the paragneiss in the Kangxiwa Group. Our study does not favor the existence of a Precambrian basement in SKT.     

甘肃北山老金厂金矿床载金矿物特征、原位硫同位素组成及其对成矿的指示意义

老金厂金矿床是北山成矿南带最具代表性的中低温岩浆热液型金矿床之一,其规模为中型。依据脉体穿插、矿物共生组合和矿石结构构造等特征,将矿床矿化作用过程划分为石英-黄铁矿阶段（Ⅰ）、石英-含砷黄铁矿-毒砂阶段（Ⅱ）、石英-黄铁矿-多金属硫化物阶段（Ⅲ）和石英-方解石阶段（Ⅳ）。利用电子探针研究了不同成矿阶段载金矿物的元素组成及其分布规律。Ⅰ阶段：黄铁矿以粗粒自形立方体为主,粒度为0.50~1.50 mm,贫As、Au;毒砂含量极少,呈细粒他形。Ⅱ阶段：含砷黄铁矿周围常有大量毒砂产出,含砷黄铁矿多为立方体、五角十二面体,粒度为0.30~1.00 mm,富As、Au;该阶段矿化最为强烈,毒砂主要形成于此时期,多呈棱柱状、柱状、放射状集合体,显示富S亏As特征。Ⅲ阶段：多以黄铁矿-黄铜矿-闪锌矿共生组合脉的形式产出,黄铁矿多呈长条状,以富S、Cu、Zn、Au和贫Fe、As为特征。Ⅳ阶段：矿化作用极弱,毒砂、黄铁矿含量极少,为细粒他形。原位硫同位素组成显示：Ⅰ阶段黄铁矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-3.8‰~-2.9‰,均值为-3.3‰;Ⅱ阶段黄铁矿和毒砂δ³⁴S_V-CDT值为-4.7‰~2.6‰,均值为-3.3‰;Ⅲ阶段黄铁矿和闪锌矿δ³⁴S_V-CDT值主要分布于-1.9‰~1.0‰之间,均值为0.1‰。此3个阶段硫同位素组成反映了成矿期硫主要来源于幔源岩浆,混入了部分地层硫。综合前人研究成果,认为成矿早期至晚期,成矿流体总体上由富S贫As向富As贫S演化。Ⅰ阶段体系处于中性稳定的环境,硫源充足;Ⅱ阶段为贫S富As的高氧逸度环境,由于大气降水对地层的淋滤渗透,混入富As流体,Au可能与As结合形成Au-As络合物,在成矿有利部位富集沉淀;Ⅲ阶段成矿元素种类丰富,体系为富S贫As的弱还原环境,Au很可能与HS^-、S^-形成络合物进入黄铁矿晶格。     

坦桑尼亚西北部苏库马绿岩带含金石英脉成矿特征

坦桑尼亚克拉通西北部的苏库马绿岩带是坦桑尼亚环维多利亚湖绿岩带重要的金矿聚集区。区内金矿化类型以含金石英脉为主,矿体的产出主要受剪切构造带控制。通过研究区域构造特征和岩石地球化学特征,认为苏库马绿岩带中玄武岩为弧后环境形成,流纹岩和花岗岩形成于陆弧环境,N--S向挤压作用和E--W向伸展作用是区域内主要的构造展布特征。建立了含金石英脉的成矿模式,表明具有金矿化作用的石英脉集中分布在EW、SEE、NE向剪切构造破碎带中,含金石英脉富矿体的形成经历了多期构造变形和成矿流体的叠加、富集作用。     

Neoarchaean high-grade metamorphism in the Central Zone of the Limpopo Belt (South Africa): Combined petrological and geochronological evidence from the Bulai pluton

The Bulai pluton represents a calc-alkaline magmatic complex of variable deformed charnockites, enderbites and granites, and contains xenoliths of highly deformed metamorphic country rocks. Petrological investigations show that these xenoliths underwent a high-grade metamorphic overprint at peak P–T conditions of 830–860 °C/8–9 kbar followed by a pressure–temperature decrease to 750 °C/5–6 kbar. This P–T path is inferred from the application of P–T pseudosections to six rock samples of distinct bulk composition: three metapelitic garnet–biotite–sillimanite–cordierite–plagioclase–(K-feldspar)–quartz gneisses, two charnoenderbitic garnet–orthopyroxene–biotite–K-feldspar–plagioclase–quartz gneisses and an enderbitic orthopyroxene–biotite–plagioclase–quartz gneiss. The petrological data show that the metapelitic and charnoenderbitic gneisses underwent uplift, cooling and deformation before they were intruded by the Bulai Granite. This relationship is supported by geochronological results obtained by in situ LA-ICP-MS age dating. U–Pb analyses of monazite enclosed in garnet of a charnoenderbite gneiss provide evidence for a high-grade structural-metamorphic–magmatic event at 2644 ± 8 Ma. This age is significantly older than an U–Pb zircon crystallisation age of 2612 ± 7 Ma previously obtained from the surrounding, late-tectonic Bulai Granite. The new dataset indicates that parts of the Limpopo's Central Zone were affected by a Neoarchaean high-grade metamorphic overprint, which was caused by magmatic heat transfer into the lower crust in a ‘dynamic regional contact metamorphic milieu’, which perhaps took place in a magmatic arc setting.     

乌拉山岩金矿田微斜长石成因成矿信息研究及其意义

乌拉山含金矿脉赋存于新太古代乌拉山群高级变质岩区（变质程度以角闪岩为主，可达麻粒岩相），受控于乌拉山断裂构造带。区内出露了大桦背花岗岩体以及大量不同成因的长英质体，含金矿脉主要由中等一最大微斜长石，石英，黄铁矿和微晶自然金等矿物组成。对矿脉微斜长石有关信息作了Ｉ值信息量，对应－聚类及成因判别的分析，研究表明成矿作用可分为两个阶段，矿脉系岩浆热液成因。矿脉微斜长石钾长石组分的摩尔分数，有序度（Ｚ）和