气温对太湖蓝藻复苏和休眠进程的影响

利用2005 2014年每日的卫星数据、气象站和浮标站观测资料研究复苏期和休眠期的平均气温、稳定通过界限温度初终日、周有效积温与太湖蓝藻休眠和复苏时间的关系,探讨气温是否是影响蓝藻休眠和复苏时间进程的关键因子.分析结果显示:太湖蓝藻复苏早晚与春季(3 5月)气温密切相关,春季气温越高,蓝藻复苏时间越早;太湖蓝藻休眠时间与秋、冬季(11次年1月)气温密切相关,秋、冬季气温越高,蓝藻休眠时间越晚.此外根据分析结果发现,太湖首次出现蓝藻水华的时间一般是气温稳定通过9℃初日之后的1个月左右,但上一周期的休眠与下一周期的复苏之间气温异常偏高会导致蓝藻水华首次出现时间早于稳定通过9℃初日;最后一次蓝藻水华出现时间与气温稳定通过4℃的终日相近;在复苏期,湖水中的叶绿素a浓度随周有效积温变化而变化,二者相关系数为0.9.     

近31年登陆北上台风特征及其成因分析

为探讨对我国产生严重影响的登陆北上台风的成因，利用1975—2005年台风资料及NCEP／NCAR逐日再分析等资料，分析了登陆北上台风的气候特征及其大尺度环流和物理量分布特征。结果发现，不仅西北太平洋副热带高压位置和强度变化对台风登陆北上起决定性作用，而且西风带系统和南亚高压活动有利于台风登陆后北折和持续北上也有不可忽视的影响。总结归纳台风登陆北上的预报着眼点，希望有助于提高此类台风的预报预警能力。     

青海盐湖锂资源开发现状及对提锂产业发展建议

中国正处在环境污染治理和产业结构调整的关键时期,发展新能源产业是应对能源和环境危机的必然选择;同时,锂资源储备和提锂技术直接影响到国家能源战略安全。中国科学院青海盐湖所经过二十年开发,目前已形成一套成熟的选择性离子迁移分离提锂技术,并经过了产业化和工业应用验证,核心技术达到国际领先水平。该产业化具有绿色、高效、低能耗、低物耗、低产品成本、高纯度等特点,技术通用性好,可推广应用到青海、西藏高海拔生态脆弱地区以及南美玻利维亚、阿根廷、智利等高镁锂比盐湖中锂的分离提取,在高钙镁地热水、油(气)田水提锂方面也有一定的应用潜力。     

大型贯通测量中加测陀螺定向边的位置选取分析

大型贯通测量中常常使用加测陀螺边来提高贯通测量精度,但目前对于陀螺定向边的位置选取并无明确规范和要求。本文主要探讨了不同位置的陀螺定向边选取对贯通测量精度的影响。实验结果表明,井下选取的陀螺定向边与测定仪器常数的地面已知边之间距离过大对于贯通测量精度影响较大,在井下选取陀螺定向边位置时,应与测定仪器常数的地面已知边距离保持在3 000 m以内为优。     

Flow through anisotropic networks

This paper presents an analysis of Hagen-Poiseulle flow through plane random anisotropic networks of interconnected channels. Macroscopic permeability tensor of the network is expressed in terms of statistico-geometrical characteristics like the degree of anisotropy in channel orientations, average co-ordination number of the network and first two moments of channel length distribution. Analytical results are illustrated and verified using numerical analysis of flow in a simulated random network. The emphasis of the paper is on the effects of anisotropy on distributions of flow rates in channels. It is shown that, due to anisotropy the maximum flow rate generally occurs in channels that are not aligned along the direction of the macroscopic pressure gradient.     

Deep Penetration of Spudcan Foundation into Double Layered Soils

The spudcan foundation has been widely used in offshore engineering for jack-up figs. However, “punch through”failure often occurs where a stronger soil layer overlays a softer soil layer. In this study, spudcan penetration into double layered soils is investigated numerically. The soil profde is set up as a stronger soil layer overlaying a softer soil layer,with the soil strength ratio ( bottom soil strength / top soil strength) varied from 0.1 to 1.0 ( 1 means uniform soil). The bearing bohaviour is discussed and the beating capacity factors are given for various cases involving different layer thicknesses and different strength ratios of the two clay layers. The development of the plastic zones and the effect of soil selfweight on the beating capacity are also discussed. From this study, it is found that, when a spudcan is distant from the soil layer boundary, the spudean can be analysed with single soil layer data. However, when a spudcan becomes closer to the soil boundary layer, the influence of the lower soft soil layer is significant, and the beating capacity of the spudean decreases. The critical distance is an indication of the occurrence of “punch through” failure. The critical distance between the spudcan and the layer boundary is larger for a rough spudean than the one for a smooth one, and the critical distance decreases with increasing soil strength ratio. The depth of cavity formed during initial spudcan penetration depends on the top layer soil strength, soil strength ratio and unit soil self-weight, and the cavity affects the spudcan beating behaviour as well.     

地铁盾构隧道各阶段平面控制测量的限差分配

结合＂城市轨道交通工程测量规范＂中的相关技术要求,从理论上分析盾构隧道横向贯通误差的主要来源及各阶段平面控制测量误差限值的合理分配,并针对盾构法施工地铁隧道的特点,探讨长大盾构区间地面平面控制点的布设原则及限值的优化配赋。     

山高水长路漫漫——纪念丁文江先生

丁文江先生是我国近代地质学的奠基人之一，也是中国地质学会的主要创始人之一。他在地质学的诸多领域都开展了卓有成效的工作，组建了我国最早的地质调查和科研机构，立德树人，培养了第一代地质学家，主导了前中央研究院的重大机构改革，为地质甚至科学事业在中国的落地生根起到了决定性的作用。同时他也积极参与到当时的社会和政治活动中，践行自己报效国家的理念。他是在我国开展系统性区域地质调查的第一人，开启了中国人系统地质填图的先河，先后填制了诸多不同比例尺的地质图，为后世我国构造地质界奠定了研究传统。他填图的区域从克拉通到造山带，从弱变形区到强变形带，填制的地质图也从简单到复杂，从关注地层到构造内容的逐步增加，不仅体现了一个地质学家野外填图经验和技术的逐步成熟，也体现了我国构造地质学逐渐从地层学中独立出来的过程。这个过程与国际上构造地质作为一个独立的专业从地层学中分离出来的阶段一致。因此丁文江先生不仅仅是我国地质学的奠基人之一，更是我国构造地质学的开山宗师。丁文江先生始终怀揣科学救国的信念，将自己的一生融入到科学救国、传播科学思想的过程中，将自己的科研活动与当时的国家建设联系，积极参与多项铁路选址、矿产调查与开发以及生态环境变迁等工作，这永远值得我们学习。他为中国地质学乃至科学发展做出的贡献永载史册。     

Approximation of the infra-red radiation flux in an atmosphere with cloud

Summary A three-stream infra-red radiation scheme for use particularly in boundary layer models is described. Local uniformity of the atmosphere (i.e. a generalization of the cooling to space approximation in clear air) is assumed, and the radiation equation is solved by simple collocation rather than by the full discrete ordinate method. In clear air the scheme corresponds to the usual approximation, which incorporates the Elsasser factor in the transmission function to account for diffuse radiation. The band models of Goody for water vapour and Elsasser for carbon dioxide are used for the band averaging of the transmission functions. Consistent with this, the band averaging of the radiation flux in cloud is undertaken by replacing the rapidly varying absorption coefficients for the gases by the actual band-averaged values of those coefficients. The band averaging is precise in the limits of strong and weak gaseous absorption.     

中国煤层气勘探开发技术研究进展

我国煤层气勘探开发工作走过了十多年的探索历程,大致可以分为三个阶段：技术引进阶段、勘探评价阶段、开发试验及探索研究阶段。目前,制约煤层气商业开发的瓶颈技术问题在于寻找煤层气富集高渗区、提高煤层气产能的开发工艺技术。本文将着重介绍我国在煤层气勘探开发技术方面的研究进展,主要包括煤层气资源评价和区块优选评价技术、钻井技术、完井工艺技术、压裂工艺技术、注CO2增产技术、煤层气地球物理探测技术、煤层气井抽放技术、煤层气生产和评价技术等等。同时,提出了今后我国煤层气勘探开发技术存在的问题和发展趋势。