Knowledge generation using satellite earth observations to support sustainable development goals (SDG): A use case on Land degradation

Land degradation is a critical issue globally requiring immediate actions for protecting biodiversity and associated services provided by ecosystems that are supporting human quality of life. The latest Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services Landmark Assessment Report highlighted that human activities are considerably degrading land and threating the well-being of approximately 3.2 billion people.In order to reduce and ideally reverse this prevailing situation, national capacities should be strengthened to enable effective assessments and mapping of their degraded lands as recommended by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The indicator 15.3.1 (“proportion of land that is degraded over total land area”) requires regular data production by countries to inform and assess it through space and time. Earth Observations (EO) can play an important role both for generating the indicator in countries where it is missing, as well complementing or enhancing national official data sources.In response to this issue, this paper presents an innovative, scalable and flexible approach to monitor land degradation at various scales (e.g., national, regional, global) using various components of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS) platform to leverage EO resources for informing SDG 15.3.1. The proposed approach follows the Data-Information-Knowledge pattern using the Trends.Earth model (http://trends.earth) and various data sources to generate the indicator. It also implements additional components for model execution and orchestration, knowledge management, and visualization.The proposed approach has been successfully applied at global, regional and national scales and advances the vision of (1) establishing data analytics platforms that can potentially support countries to discover, access and use the necessary datasets to assess land degradation; and (2) developing new capacities to effectively and efficiently use EO-based resources.     

气候资料分布式数据库总体框架探讨

文章着重阐述了系统目标，要求在数据表示、数据结构、应用接口和用户界面等方面实行统一规范，以保证数据的一致性和互换性，从而使气象系统及非气象系统的相关系统均可纳入一个总的框架，相互连接，彼此调用。同时，阐述了系统的结构。该系统在地理上是国家-区域-省-地气候资料数据库的多数据结构，但在分布式数据库管理系统控制下，在逻辑上是一个整体数据库。     

中国大陆科学钻探工程项目进展综述

阐明了中国大陆科学钻探工程的意义与目标，论述了工程建设的主要内容和项目的组织管理，介绍了项目的进展情况。     

基于区域发展目标下的水资源承载能力研究

从承载力研究的根本性问题出发对水资源承载能力进行了探讨,认为水资源承载能力不再是一个客观内在的值,而是受区域发展目标所影响,随区域发展目标不同而变化,水资源承载能力研究必须置于具体的区域发展目标下进行.据此选取目标规划法作为水资源承载能力的量化方法,并以北京市为实例进行论证,分析了北京市在预定发展目标下水资源承载能力及目标实现状况.     

基于改进的角度偏差法的采空区点云数据精简

在保证采空区几何特征不变的前提下,有必要对点云数据进行精简,提高三维建模及其应用的效率。介绍了点云数据精简算法的评价体系,探讨了空区探测系统扫测采空区的点云数据特点;在对比最小距离法、平均距离法、角度偏差法、弦高偏差法等采空区点云数据精简方法的基础上,提出了保留采空区几何特征更为有效的点云数据精简方法——改进的角度偏差法。通过对比精简前后的扫描线周长、面积及标准差等指标,认为该方法不但保持了扫描线的细节,而且使精简后扫描线上的点分布较均匀,为后续三维建模及应用打下良好基础。