利用球体剖分瓦块构建真三维数字地球平台

全球离散网格是面向空间大数据的模型框架,常用于构建数字地球平台。基于球体的剖分瓦块不仅可以构建真三维的数字地球模型,而且可以实现天地一体化的空间数据集成、融合、表达和应用。本文详细论述了球体大圆弧QTM八叉树网格的剖分原理、网格几何特征分析和编解码方法等理论体系,并利用剖分瓦块实现了球体的任意分割以及地下、地表和空中实体的可视化建模。研究表明,球体QTM网格具有剖分规则简单、体系规整、几何特征明晰,适用性强等特点,尤其是可以推广到椭球。因而,该方案可用于天地一体化的空间数据的组织、管理与应用。     

长江上游安宁河流域植被生长变化对气候条件的响应

为探讨安宁河流域植被演变趋势及其与气候的相互作用,基于2001—2008年MODIS图像、降水量和气温数据,采用回归分析和相关分析等方法计算了安宁河流域降水、气温和归一化差值植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)在时间和空间上的变化情况,并对安宁河流域植被生长变化对气候条件的响应机制进行了探讨。结果表明:NDVI变化和气温、降水呈正相关;降水量和气温等气候因子的变动会直接反映在植被长势上,其中降水对安宁河流域植被生长的影响更为显著;植被长势与气温和降水存在一定的时间滞后性。     

无地面控制点卫星摄影测量探讨

为解决无地面控制点的卫星摄影测量(简称无控定位)这一国际难题,对国外具有代表性的几个"全球连续覆盖模式"光学摄影测量卫星的主要技术参数特征以及无控摄影测量模式、技术措施等方面进行了系统归纳,尽管各系统在无控定位上作了种种努力,但与美国1∶50 000比例尺制图标准(水平位置误差12m,垂直高程误差6m)相比,都存在一定距离,该文认为其不足的关键在于对星敏感器测姿误差的处理上。该文还特别介绍了天绘一号卫星工程达到这一标准的主要学术与技术措施,并列举了国内外检查点检测精度一致性的实例。     

基于MODIS的植被指数变化研究及其与气候因子的关系分析

以2012年1~12月的MODIS 13Q1数据产品为基础,提取四川西南地区7市植被指数进行相关分析。基于各月植被指数,采用对比分析法,研究植被指数时空变化规律。同时,结合研究区内2012年月降水量和气温月平均值,选择多项式拟合法,对EVI,NDVI月平均值进行相关性分析,研究植被指数与气候因子的相关性。     

国情普查项目控制点测量方法研究

遥感影像数据作为第一次全国地理国情普查项目的首要基础资料,如何快速生产出满足精度要求的遥感影像成果,对国情普查项目有着不言而喻的作用,在西部经济欠发达地区,基础控制点数据库尚未全覆盖,需要在短时间内采集大范围的控制点信息,本文通过生产实践,对几种控制点采集方法进行综合比对,认为StarFire全球双频GPS星链差分系统测量的方法较适合我国西部荒漠、戈壁地区的国情影像像控点采集任务。     

From Soda Bottles To Super Labs: An Analysis Of North America's Dual Methamphetamine Production Networks

This article uses the global production network perspective to analyze the various actors involved in the production and distribution of methamphetamine in North America. The paper analyzes the organization and operation of the two dominant network typologies at work in the United States: small toxic labs and Mexican drug‐trafficking organizations. Particular emphasis is placed on how the networks have adapted to changes in the regulatory context in which they operate. I conclude with potential policy recommendations for curtailing methamphetamine production within both networks.     

Global cities,cosmopolitanism, and geographies of tolerance

Scholarly attention devoted to global cities has emphasized their economic and political significance. Yet global cities are also deeply cultural and ideological in nature. Contrary to a long tradition of urban studies that views urban life as inherently alienating, this essay argues that the social and cultural diversity of global cities renders them mechanisms for the generation of tolerance and empathy. It opens with a brief review of global cities. Second, it traces the contours of cosmopolitanism as an ideology that fosters respect for social and cultural differences and a wider community of caring. Third, it reviews the empirical evidence of American global cities to make the case that their diversity leads them to generate a progressive cosmopolitan ethnics. It draws on the literature of social psychology, the work of Richard Florida, and indices of immigration, religious and linguistic diversity, homophobia, and voting patterns to substantiate the claim that cosmopolitan values are most evident and deeply rooted in globalized metropolitan centers.     

Changes in the Geometry and Volume of Rabots glaciär,Sweden, 2003–2011: Recent Accelerated Volume Loss Linked to More Negative Summer Balances

Terminus geometry, ice margins, and surface elevations on Rabots glaciär were measured using differential GPS during summer 2011 and compared with those similarly measured in 2003. Glacier length over the eight years decreased by ～105 m corresponding to 13 m a^?1, a rate consistent with ice recession over the last several decades. Measured changes in surface elevations show that between 2003 and 2011 the glacier's volume decreased by ～27.6 ± 2.6 × 10⁶ m³, or 3.5 ± 0.3 × 10⁶ m³ a^?1. This compares favorably with an estimate of ?28.1 ± 2.6 × 10⁶ m³ based on a mass‐balance approach. The rate of volume loss appears, however, to have significantly increased after 2003, being substantially greater than rates determined for the intervals 1959–80, 1980–89, and 1989–2003. This increase corresponds to a sustained interval of more negative summer balances. Previous work suggests that as of 2003 Rabots glaciär had not yet completed its response to a ～1°C warming that occurred c. 1900, and thus the current marked increase rate of ice loss might reflect the effect of recent, or accelerated regional warming that occurred during the last decade superimposed on its continued response to that earlier warming.     

未来气候情景下气候变化响应过程研究综述

气候变化将会对生态系统、自然资源、极端气候和人类社会产生一定的影响,科学评估未来气候变化响应是应对气候变化的前提。通过对当前研究成果的回顾,建立未来气候情景下气候变化响应研究的系统思路,并总结了研究所涉及的方法。系统论述了应用第5阶段耦合模式比较计划(CMIP5)气候模式前进行适用性评价的必要性;分析了当前降尺度方法尤其是统计降尺度的主要方法及进展;归纳了偏差校正过程中普遍使用的方法,最后,综合分析了整个研究过程中的不确定性。研究将为气候变化响应分析提供方法和思路指导。     

21世纪初期气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化动态变化分析

基于EOS-MODIS遥感数据,利用GIS计算出归一化植被指数(NDVI)和植被覆盖指数(PV),计算得到荒漠化指数(DI)对浑善达克沙地荒漠化进行识别,根据像元数统计不同荒漠化类型的面积及其变化数据,再分析荒漠化面积与气象要素的相关性,进而得出近13 a在气候波动下浑善达克沙地荒漠化的动态变化。结果表明:浑善达克沙地年平均气温呈下降趋势,年平均降水量呈增加趋势,且平均降水量对荒漠化动态变化的影响比平均气温对荒漠化动态变化的影响大。在气候波动影响下浑善达克沙地以荒漠化面积缩小为主,中度荒漠化,重度荒漠化和极重度荒漠化对荒漠化的演替贡献较大,表现为高程度荒漠化向低程度荒漠化转换。空间分布上,表现为西部极重度荒漠化面积明显减少,主要转化为重度荒漠化类型,东中部重度荒漠化明显减少,主要转化为未荒漠化和轻度荒漠化类型。