东秦岭陡岭杂岩中存在新太古代物质组成——SHRIMP锆石U—Pb和Sm—Nd年代学证据

出露于豫、陕交界处的陡岭杂岩是秦岭造山带中一个不大的构造岩块 ,它可能是在 1.95～ 2 .10Ga期间由于构造作用将不同时代、不同源区的岩石组合叠置在一起而形成的。出露在其西部的透辉变粒岩的 TDM为 2 .6 7～ 2 .76 Ga,残余锆石 SHRIMP年龄为 2 .5～ 2 .6 Ga,表明透辉变粒岩的物质主要来自新太古代 ,基本没有或少有太古宙以后的陆壳物质混合 ,同时也说明透辉变粒岩的原岩形成时在其附近应该有新太古代岩块存在。     

一种特殊的玉器材料蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩

对一种特殊的玉器材料采用珠宝玉石常规鉴定、岩石薄片偏光显微镜鉴定、红外光谱分析和X射线粉晶衍射分析的研究,其玉石材料为蛇纹石化纯橄榄岩。提出了使用放大镜检查与红外光谱分析相结合的综合鉴定方法。     

金属矿物材料在废水处理中的应用

从环境矿物学角度，对金属矿物材料(铁氧化物与氢氧化物、锰氧化物和氢氧化物、铁硫化物)在废水处理中的应用现状进行了综述，分析金属矿物材料在水环境保护方面存在的问题，并对其应用前景进行展望。     

Seepage problems in the right abutment of the Shahid Abbaspour dam, southern Iran

In this study, seepage phenomena through the right abutment of Shahid Abbaspour dam are investigated. The Shahid Abbaspour dam is a 200 m high arch dam, which regulates the waters of the Karun River, serves power generation, and flood control and irrigation needs. The dam site lies in the Zagros Mountains of southern Iran. This region presents continuous series of mainly of karstic limestone, marl, shale and gypsum ranging in age from Jurassic to Pliocene. The region has subsequently been folded and faulted. Seepage from the Shahid Abbaspour reservoir occurs mainly through the karstic limestone.The basic foundation treatment of the dam consisted of consolidation grouting, a high-pressure grout curtain and a drainage curtain. Moreover, a 144 m high and 30 m wide concrete cutoff wall was built to prevent reservoir seepage through a clay-filled fracture zone in the right abutment. The grout curtain penetrates the “Principal Vuggy Zone” only beneath the central portion of the dam and below the cutoff wall. In the right abutment fan curtains were constructed to reduce drainage flows, but the seepage problem could not be solved. In order to determine the seepage direction and karstification pattern, hydrogeological studies have been carried out. Additional investigation boreholes have been drilled to monitor fluctuations in groundwater level. Besides these, water chemistry, dye tracer, pinhole and XRF tests have been carried out. As a result of these studies, seepage paths have been identified in the karstic limestone in the right abutment of the dam.     

大气能量有效性的研究进展

大气能量有效性一直是大气科学研究中的重要组成部分，在过去的几十年中，得到了长足发展。对大气能量学特别是能量有效性问题的研究进展进行了全面回顾。为了将能量有效性的研究从全球大气整体向局地或区域尺度拓展，针对经典有效位能理论中存在的问题提出了扰动位能的新概念，并初步探讨了其理论和应用问题。在已开展的工作中，利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料研究了扰动位能的时空结构以及与大气动能之间的联系，取得了很有意义的结果。     

地球化学标准物质的研制与应用

1978年以来,物化探研究所围绕我国地球化学调查和地质矿产勘查的需要,先后研制了多种地质物料的系列地球化学标准物质,包括水系沉积物、土壤(含全量和生物有效成份)、岩石、生物、光谱分析标准、多金属矿石与精矿、痕量铂族元素与铂矿石、痕量金与金矿石及银矿石标准物质,共计126个样品。具有系列性好和适用性强的特点,是我国地质测试质量体系的基本组成部分,其中GSD、GSS和GAu系列作为全国区域地球化学样品分析的量值和质量监控标准,保证了各省区不同时间、不同实验室的分析结果可以统一对比和成图。这些标准物质在我国地质矿产、冶金、农业、环境部门和科研院校中广泛应用,应用的国家达30余个。     

GGR Biennial Review: Advances in Geo‐SIMS during 2006–2007

Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS or ion microprobe) remains one of the most powerful tools available to the analytical geochemist. Despite the impressive progress witnessed by other competing laboratory methods over recent years, SIMS remains unsurpassed in its combination of small sampling volumes with low analytical uncertainties. Although the current SIMS analytical design has existed for over three decades, the period 2006–2007 saw significant advances in instrumentation, analytical methodology and, not least, the characterisation of new reference materials upon which all analyses depend. As of the end of 2007 the SIMS geoscience literature was reporting total sampling masses down to the 10 fg range, spatial resolution of better than 100 nm and uncertainties on major element isotope ratio determinations of better than ± 0.2‰ (1s). This article intends to synthesise the progress made by the geo‐SIMS community during this two year period and will also highlight some specific research results that were only possible due to the unique capabilities provided by SIMS.     

Three Secondary Reference Materials for Lithium Isotope Measurements: Li7-N, Li6-N and LiCl-N Solutions

The CRPG (Nancy, France) has prepared secondary reference materials for Li isotope measurements by mixing ⁷Li or ⁶Li spikes and either L-SVEC or IRMM-016 certified reference materials to produce solutions having a known Li concentration and isotopic composition. The Li7-N and Li6-N solution samples (1.5 mol l⁻¹ HNO₃) have nominal δ⁷Li isotopic compositions of 30.1‰ and -9.7‰ respectively relative to L-SVEC and concentrations of 100 mg l⁻¹. Repeated measurement of these samples using the QUAD-ICP-MS at the CRPG yielded δ⁷Li of 30.4 ± 1.1‰ (n = 13) and -8.9 ± 0.9‰ (n = 9) at the 2s level of confidence. An additional LiCl-N solution was measured and yielded a delta value of 9.5 ± 0.6‰ (n = 3). Identical results were obtained at the BRGM (Orléans, France) from determinations performed with a Neptune MC-ICP-MS (30.2 ± 0.3‰, n = 89 for the Li7-N, -8.0 ± 0.3‰, n = 38 for the Li6-N and 10.1 ± 0.2‰, n = 46 for LiCl-N at the 2s level of confidence). The deviation of measured composition relative to the nominal value for the Li6-N solution might be explained by either contamination during preparation or an error during sample weighing. These secondary reference materials, previously passed through ion exchange resin or directly analysed, may be used for checking the accuracy of Li isotopic measurements over a range of almost 40‰ and will be available to the scientific community upon request to J. Carignan or N. Vigier, CRPG.     

Determination of Trace Elements (Ag, B, Ge, Mo, Sn, W, Tl) in Reference Samples of Soils and Bottom Sediments by Atomic Emission Spectrometry: A Traceability and Fitness-for-Purpose Study

Reference samples of soils from the Institute of Applied Physics, Irkutsk (RIAP), the Institute of Geochemistry, Irkutsk (IGI) and the United States Geological Survey, Reston (USGS) were analysed with the aim of determining Ag, B, Ge, Mo, Sn, Tl and W abundances by an atomic emission method with air-stabilised D.C. arc excitation. Two series of reference samples of soils and bottom sediments, GSS-1-8 and GSD-1-12 (IGGE), were used to ensure the traceability link for the analytical results. Traceability was also demonstrated through the comparison of measured results by AES and ICP-MS methods. It is shown that the reference samples GSS-1-8 and GSD-1-12 satisfied the "fitness-for-purpose" criterion (uncertainty U of the certified value should be one-third to one-tenth the magnitude of routine laboratory data uncertainty S (S/U > 3-10)) and can be applied for calibrating AES techniques.     

Methodology for Rare Earth Element Determinations of Uranium Oxides by Ion Microprobe

A methodology for the determination of the rare earth elements in uranium oxides by ion microprobe has been set up on a Cameca ims-3f instrument. An uranium oxide reference material from a syn-metamorphic uranium deposit related to albitisation has also been developed for this type of analysis. Applications of the methodology are presented for a series of uranium oxides selected from some major uranium deposit types: from the world's highest grade unconformity-related uranium deposit from the Athabasca Basin (Saskatchewan, Canada; the Shea Creek and the McArthur River examples), a perigranitic vein-type deposit (Pen Ar Ran, Vendée, France) and a volcanic caldera-related deposit (Streltsovkoye, Transbaikalia, Russia). Each type of uranium deposit appears to have a specific REE signature. All REE patterns from the Shea Creek and the McArthur deposits are characterised by bell-shaped patterns centred on Tb-Dy and similar to those already published for uranium oxides from unconformity-related deposits from Australia. Such bell-shaped REE patterns centred on Tb-Dy may therefore be considered as a typical signature of uranium oxides from Mesoproterozoic unconformity-related deposits. A smoother bell shape pattern centred on Eu characterises the syn-metamorphic albitisation related deposit of Mistamisk selected for the reference material. The REE patterns from the Pen Ar Ran deposit show a fractionation from LREE to HREE with anomalously high abundances of Sm, Eu and Gd with respect to the other REEs, similar to the REE patterns of uranium oxides from the volcanic-related deposits of Streltsovkoye.